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K M Fillmore

Publications and source records attributed to K M Fillmore.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Preliminary results from a meta-analysis of drinking behavior in multiple longitudinal studies.

This paper introduces the scope and rationale of The Collaborative Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Project and describes the individual longitudinal studies which contribute to this large collaborative project, representing studies from 15 countries. It also serves as an introduction to four reports of the preliminary findings from the project. The project is distinguished by (1) its interdisciplinary research approach which has assembled a multidisciplinary group of scholars to direct and interpret analyses, (2) its use of primary data from multiple longitudinal studies, (3) the parallel analyses of primary data from multiple studies, using comparable measures across studies recorded to a standard format and common analytic model, and (4) its use of meta-analysis to combine results across studies. Its research objectives include determining the cross-study consistency of findings of (1) the incidence and chronicity of drinking patterns and problems, (2) exogeneous factors which initiate and alter drinking careers, (3) socio-behavioral factors measured in childhood and adolescence which predict adult drinking problems, (4) inter-generational biological and social factors which predict adult drinking problems, and (5) aggregate-level factors which account for study differences. The method of sampling of studies from the world's alcohol-related general population longitudinal research is described.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

An integrated approach to meta-analysis in alcohol studies.

The research design and methods utilized by the Collaborative Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Project are described. The project design addresses the critical need to develop procedures to assess the replicability of research results in alcohol studies. Key features of the research plan include: re-analysis of original data from multiple longitudinal studies of drinking behavior in the general population; centralization of all data analyses, developed and implemented by an interdisciplinary core staff; development of the research plan and interpretation of results in co-operation with original investigators of studies included in the project; and use of modeling procedures from meta-analysis to quantify the relative contribution of factors influencing the distribution of effect estimates across studies, including both methodological differences and aggregate level variables. The final section describes statistical methods for meta-analysis used by the project, including procedures for the calculation and combination of estimates of effect magnitude, categorical and continuous modeling procedures for use with effect sizes, and random effects models.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

A meta-analysis of life course variation in drinking.

Meta-analysis combines results from multiple longitudinal studies to describe life course variation by age and sex for quantity of drinking per typical occasion (20 studies) and frequency of drinking during one month (27 studies). There is cross-study heterogeneity for the Time 1 means of the drinking variables blocking for age and sex. Age distributions for the Time 1 means are similar by gender within nations; in the aggregate, males exceed females in the magnitude of drinking. Dramatic shifts in the standardized mean difference (M2-M1) occur among the young; greater homogeneity and moderate change (declines) occur later in life. Implicated in improving cross-study homogeneity for M2-M1 among the young are interval between measurements, nation, Time 1 per capita consumption (PCC), difference in PCC and the Time 1 mean. Lower unstandardized regression coefficients are found for quantity among youth, but are not consistently homogeneous within nations; the association for frequency becomes increasingly stable with increasing age. Nation and interval are implicated in improving homogeneity. Decline in quantity occurs among the old. M2-M1 produces homogeneously higher regressions for groups of the young who increase quantity v. those who do not. Linkage of the group-level and individual-level findings is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A meta-analysis of change in marital and employment status as predictors of alcohol consumption on a typical occasion.

Meta-analysis is used to combine results of primary data from 12 longitudinal studies to examine the consistency of results with respect to the role of changes on the individual level in marital status and employment status on changes in consumption of alcohol per typical occasion. The analyses control for the effects of Time 1 consumption per occasion and education. Not getting married and becoming unmarried are associated with increased consumption at follow-up and both variables are positively related to increased consumption among older men, but only becoming unmarried was related to increased consumption among older women. Becoming married is homogeneously and negatively associated with consumption at follow-up for younger and older persons of both sexes. Chronic unemployment is negatively related to consumption at follow-up among older males and younger females. Becoming unemployed between measurements is homogeneously and negatively related to consumption among older males and females, but positively related among younger males. Becoming employed is homogeneously and positively related to later consumption among all groups except young females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A meta-analysis of depressive symptomatology and alcohol consumption over time.

Meta-analysis (eight general population longitudinal studies) describes the relationships (regressions) between quantity per occasion and depressive symptomatology over time. Quantity and depression are the strongest and most consistent predictors of final levels of themselves in all data sets. Age significantly and consistently predicts quantity for both sexes combined (the general pattern is replicated among males only). Depression significantly predicts quantity and quantity significantly predicts depression for females. Controlling for interval between measurements produces stronger prediction (more consistent over shorter intervals) for males. Depression only predicts quantity over longer intervals and quantity only predicts depression over shorter intervals for females. Explicit control for age found stronger relationships between initial and final measurement quantity, and depression for males. Quantity and depression significantly predict quantity and depression among young females. The relationship between quantity and depression among females illustrates the importance of controlling for age and sex. Methodological considerations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cross-cultural and cross-temporal explanations of drinking behavior: contributions from epidemiology, life-span developmental psychology and the sociology of aging.

A review is presented of the contributions to understanding historical and cultural variation in drinking practices from three disciplines--epidemiology, life-span developmental psychology and the sociology of aging. It is concluded that while these disciplines have made major methodological contributions to understanding these variations, theory is lacking. Reasons for the paucity of theory and the lack of hypotheses are advanced, as are frameworks in which to test competitive hypotheses across temporal and cultural boundaries.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Chronicity of drinking problems among men: a longitudinal study.

Analyses demonstrate that the chronicity of alcohol problems among men is a function of age; the probable chronicity over time is greater among older than among younger men. Alcohol problems among older men show greater interrelationships; remission is higher among younger men. The data have implications for estimates of the prevalence of alcoholism in the U.S. population. If the percentage of problem drinkers in the general population is used, actual prevalence will be overestimated. If the percentage of alcoholics in treatment is used, actual prevalence will be underestimated. The ability to identify men in the general population who are at risk for becoming alcoholics has implications for prevention of alcohol-related problems and the treatment of alcoholism.

Adult↗