Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K M Kerr.
A patient is described who presented with stenosis of the upper trachea causing respiratory distress. There was no evidence of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body but biopsy showed a granulomatous lesion and there was a good response to anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. A temporary tracheostomy was needed.
The microscopic anatomy of the atrioventricular node, bundle of His, both bundle branches and surrounding fibrous cardiac skeleton was studied in 40 large breed dogs of various ages. In the AV conduction system of all dogs over five years of age there was an increase of fibrous connective tissue, an infiltration of adipose tissue, loss of conduction fibers and focal fibrosis extending from the central fibrous body. Fibrosis was seen in the summit of the interventricular septum posterior to the AV node in dogs of all ages. Chondroid metaplasia was consistently observed in the central fibrous body and the root of the aorta in large breed dogs, including ten Doberman Pinschers of all ages. This metaplasia varied from a few chondroblasts and chondrocytes to mature chondrocytes with mineralization. Bone formation was seen in eight dogs. These changes appeared in close approximation to the cardiac conduction system above the bundle of His. No degenerative changes were seen in the AV bundle. Approximately one-half of the large breed dogs five years of age and older had thickened medial and intima proliferation in the small coronary arterioles supplying the AV node. The results of this study suggest that the presence of cartilage and bone in the central fibrous body is a normal occurrence in large breed dogs at all ages.
The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline, which was given as a single intravenous dose (5 mg/kg), was studied in normal beagle dogs. Renal function was evaluated by the single injection technique and based on clearance of the radioiodine compounds 125I-iothalamate and 131I-iodohippurate. Values of GFR (4.42+/-0.77 ml/kg/min) and ERPF (12.91+/-1.49 ml/kg/min) showed normal renal function. The disposition curve describing decline of oxytetracycline activity in serum was described mathematically by a triexponential expression. Body clearance was 4.23+/-1.29 ml/kg/min. A dosage regimen (intravenous route of drug administration), based on overall elimincation rate constant (0.1155 h-1) and apparent specific volume of distribution (2 litre/kg), and consisting of a priming dose (10 mg/kg) followed by maintenance doses (7.5 mg/kg) at 12 h intervals was proposed. This dosage regimen was predicted to rapidly achieve and maintain steady state serum concentrations within the range 1.25 to 5.0 microgram/ml, which is therapeutic level for the majority of susceptible microorganisms.
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The aporphine alkaloid glaucine (1) was examined by comparison of the high field (600 MHz) 1H-nmr spectra of 1 vs. racemic 6a,7,7-trideutereoglaucine (4,5), by computer-simulated 1H-nmr spectra at 600 MHz, by using decoupled proton spectra, and two-dimensional COSY and HETCOR experiments with 1 at 500 and 360 MHz, respectively, and using high field (90 MHZ) 13C-nmr of S-(+)-glaucine (1). Emphasis was placed on the resolution of the chemical shifts and coupling constants for the H-4 alpha, H-4 beta, H-5 alpha, H-5 beta, H-6 alpha, H-7 alpha, and H-7 beta alicyclic protons of the molecule, which were previously unassigned. The complete assignment of the alicyclic protons of 1 by 1H-nmr was required for the structural elucidation of deuterated analogs of glaucine, which will be used in microbial transformation studies to determine the stereochemical course of aporphine dehydrogenation by the fungi Fusarium solani (ATCC 12823) and Aspergillus flavipes (ATCC 1030).
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Soybeans inoculated with Phomopis sp. were incubated for weeks and then extracted with methanol and ether, and the culture filtrates were intubated into crops of chicks. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver were increased, and glycogen stores and plasma glucose concentrations were reduced. Histologically, severe hepatocytic necrosis was found in chicks treated with the toxic culture filtrate. Significant clinical signs were loss of body weight and reduced feed consumption. The metabolic changes responsible for the findings are discussed.
The possibility of producing toxic effects in day-old chicks with mycotoxins from Phomopsis sp. or Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae isolates was studied. Evidence was found that Phomopsis sp., but not Diaporthe, produces hepatic necrosis with high mortality in chicks. Enzymatically, the hepatotoxin produced by Phomopsis sp. caused an increase in the level of liver glucose-6-P dehydrogenase. Mycotoxicosis caused by Phomopsis sp. was compared with lupinosis.