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Biomedical subjects

K M King

Publications and source records attributed to K M King.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Mouse transporter protein, a membrane protein that regulates cellular multidrug resistance, is localized to lysosomes.

Mouse transporter protein (MTP), a small, highly conserved mammalian intracellular membrane protein with four putative transmembrane domains, has been implicated in the transport of nucleosides and/or related molecules across intracellular membranes. The production of recombinant MTP in Saccharomyces cerevisiae alters sensitivity of yeast cells to a heterogeneous group of compounds (e.g., antimetabolites, antibiotics, anthracyclines, ionophores, and steroid hormones) by changing the subcellular compartmentalization of these drugs, suggesting that MTP functions similarly in higher organisms. The present study was undertaken to define the intracellular location of MTP in mammalian cells. Native MTP was not detected by indirect immunofluorescence in cell types that expressed MTP mRNA; therefore, a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged version of MTP was produced in cultured BHK21 cells by transient transfection, and its distribution within cells was determined by confocal microscopy using antibodies directed against the HA epitope and various organellar proteins. Antibodies directed against HA-MTP colocalized with antibodies against late endosomal and lysosomal proteins but not with antibodies against either Golgi or early endosomal proteins. Analysis of subcellular fractions from rat liver by immunoblotting with antibodies directed against MTP demonstrated the presence of a MTP-like protein in Golgi- and lysosome-enriched membranes but not in mitochondria. These results indicate that MTP resides in late endosomes and lysosomes, a finding that is consistent with the proposed role for MTP in the movement of a variety of small molecules across endosomal and lysosomal membranes. MTP shares a number of characteristics with other lysosome-associated proteins. We, therefore, propose that it be redesignated murine lysosome-associated protein transmembrane 4.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

The influence of the cardiac surgery patient's sex and age on care-giving received.

Care-giving research has predominantly focused on the care-givers of those with long-term illness and the elderly. Little attention has been given to examining care-giving from the perspective of the person receiving the care, differentiating how the sex or age of the person may influence the care received, or examining care-giving in the context of shorter term situations where the patient is expected to recover. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of the informal care-givers of cardiac surgery patients from three hospitals in one Canadian province and the effect of patient characteristics (sex, age) on their experience of receiving that care. A prospective, non-randomized design, was used to examine the short-term recovery from cardiac surgery of 120 subjects (60 men, 60 women). Patients were interviewed preoperatively and then at monthly intervals through the third postoperative month. The findings from this study suggest that the patterns of informal care-giving noted in the chronic care literature are also present in the short-term care of post-surgical cardiac patients. The burden of care-giving continues to rest predominantly on women. Female patients relied on their spouses for help less frequently than did male patients and their care-givers were more frequently employed outside the home and in lower status jobs than were the care-givers of male patients. 30% of care-givers were reported to have a health problem of their own to manage while caring for the recovering patient. Patients who were male or who were < 65 years of age had higher social support scores than did patients who were female or who were > or = 65 years of age. These findings suggest that the cardiac patient's sex affects the availability of home-based care. In addition, care-givers may themselves be patients in need of care. Further research is needed to examine the receipt of home-based care-giving, particularly for female patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Warrantable evidence in nursing science.

Consensus among nurse scholars has not been reached regarding suitable qualities for accepting or rejecting the evidence arising from various world views. The authors' purpose in writing the paper is to describe the qualities or warrants for evaluating scientific findings (the 'evidence') of different research perspectives. The warrantable evidence pertinent to post-positivist, interpretivist, critical social theorist, and feminist perspectives are described and common warrants are suggested. Three warrants common to these scientific perspectives are proposed: (a) scrutiny and critique of methodological rigor and findings by the scientific community; (b) corroboration and intersubjectivity; and (c) scope of the evidence. The identification of common warrantable evidence will assist nurses in developing some core values regarding the constituents of good science or good scholarship even in the face of pluralism in nursing science approaches.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed1999

Cardiac rehabilitation: the forgotten intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of cardiac patients' demographic and health characteristics on physicians' cardiac rehabilitation (CR) referral practice and patients' attendance at such programs. DESIGN: A retrospective, systematic review of consecutive health records. SETTING: A tertiary care centre and the two associated CR programs in a Western Canadian city. PATIENTS: One thousand, three hundred and twenty-eight adult patients (21 years of age or older) discharged following acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and/or coronary artery bypass graft surgery between September 1, 1996 and August 31, 1997. MAIN RESULTS: There were 1245 surviving patients. Evidence of attendance at a CR program was 28.4%, while auditable evidence of referral to a CR program was 23.9%. Stepwise logistic regression revealed that ability to speak English (OR 9.56) living in a city (OR 3.97) and current smoking (OR 1.51) were associated with an increased likelihood, whereas having a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma (OR 0.53), being 70 years of age or older (OR 0.42), having a current admission for PTCA (OR 0.32) and having a history of neurological or cognitive impairment (OR 0.26) were associated with a decreased likelihood of CR attendance. Sex, nature of coronary artery disease risk factors, incidence of postevent complications and pre-event cardiac status (including New York Heart Association status and number of previous events) were not associated with patients' CR attendance. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there is an inconsistent and poorly documented approach to referral of patients to CR programs for reasons that remain unclear. These findings provide a foundation for development and testing of enhanced referral mechanisms and of innovative means to provide rehabilitation services to patients who are at risk for not being referred to or attending CR programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Short-term recovery from cardiac surgery in women: suggestions for practice.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of sex on short-term recovery from cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized design. Men and women undergoing elective cardiac surgery were interviewed in the immediate preoperative period and monthly by telephone through the third postoperative month. SETTING: Subjects were recruited from three cardiac surgery referral centres in western Canada. PATIENTS: One hundred and thirty-two consecutive patients entering the hospital for coronary artery bypass and/or valve surgery were recruited. Inclusion criteria required that subjects be able to communicate effectively and to live independently. One hundred and twenty subjects completed the study--60 men and 60 women; 30 of each sex group were less than 65 years of age and 30 were 65 years and older. MAIN RESULTS: Women were more functionally impaired, had less social support and reported lower life satisfaction than men preoperatively. There were no significant differences between the sexes in the outcome measures three months postoperatively, and neither age nor sex consistently predicted outcome at the three-month end-point. Sex-specific issues reflect the social circumstances from which women entered the process of having their heart disease diagnosed and undergoing cardiac surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support recent conclusions that there are few differences between men and women in the recovery from cardiac surgery; however, the existing differences warrant serious consideration for changes in current clinical practice. Sex differences included women's poorer preoperative functional status, lesser social support and differences in the nature of work women return to following their surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

The women's health agenda: evolution of hormone replacement therapy as treatment and prophylaxis for coronary artery disease.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the research literature on the connection between hormone replacement therapy and development of coronary artery disease as it pertains to women. It is clear that research in this century regarding heart disease in general has been gender-biased or inappropriately gender-neutral. Research initially focused on how the developing knowledge of the protective effect of female hormones could be used to benefit men. It has only been in the last decade or so that gender-based research has been appreciated, acknowledged, facilitated, and finally accepted for its contributions to advancing knowledge and for benefiting women with coronary artery disease.

Bias↗
PubMed1996

A historical review of the depiction of women in cardiovascular literature.

A historical review of the literature demonstrates that women have long been acknowledged as suffering from cardiac disease and disorder. Until recently, women's experience with cardiac disease was investigated primarily as the cardiac disease impinged on pregnancy or women's ability to carry out home-related duties. Only in the last decade has a more appropriate and more holistic view of women's unique experience with cardiac disease been undertaken. The authors attribute this new perspective in health literature, in large part, to the advancement of feminist approach and critique.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Women's short-term recovery from cardiac surgery.

Cardiac surgery is becoming more prevalent in women. Previous knowledge and understanding regarding the process of recovery following cardiac surgery have been based predominantly on what has been known about men. Knowledge is needed regarding factors which may be particular to women's recovery from cardiac surgery and which include both biophysical and psychosocial components. A longitudinal study was conducted to describe, from both objective and subjective perspectives, women's short-term recovery from cardiac surgery. Preoperative (baseline) data were collected from 31 women who presented for cardiac surgery at two Northern California hospitals. Following discharge from the hospital, 27 women were followed monthly by telephone for three months to obtain subjective responses regarding postoperative symptoms, perceptions of recovery, activity, and health status. The findings indicate that women's perceptions of recovery are independent of NYHA functional classification, and these perceptions improve before other more objective measures of activity or health state demonstrate improvement.

Activities of Daily Living↗