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Biomedical subjects

K M May

Publications and source records attributed to K M May.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Evaluation of public health science in the graduate community health nursing curriculum.

The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate a unique course in Public Health Science that has recently been implemented in our College of Nursing. This course seeks to provide a synthesis of public health and nursing. The course description as well as the course objectives are outlined. A 22-item questionnaire was developed to obtain demographic information regarding the students enrolled in the course, their community health experience prior to entering the graduate program, their clinical area of specialization, reasons for enrollment in the course, strengths and weaknesses of the course, the degree to which the course met the objectives, and recommendations for future courses in Public Health Science. The findings suggest that the content of Public Health Science has been integrated into the graduate community health nursing program with much success.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Insurers discover expert systems.

The insurance industry is suffering from a dearth of expert underwriters, but by capturing available expertise in knowledge-based systems, many insurers have reaped measurable benefits.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

The parental origin of the extra X chromosome in 47,XXX females.

We used X-linked DNA polymorphisms to study the parental origin of X chromosome nondisjunction in 28 47,XXX live-born females. Errors in oogenesis accounted for 26 of the cases, with the majority of these being attributable to an error at meiosis I. We observed an association between advanced parental age and meiosis I nondisjunction--but not meiosis II nondisjunction--in the maternally derived cases. In studies of recombination we found little evidence for an association between pairing failure and X chromosome nondisjunction, but our results suggest that increased recombination near the centromere may play a role in the etiology of the 47,XXX condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The orientation of halorhodopsin in the cell membrane of halobacteria.

The orientation of the light-driven chloride pump, halorhodopsin, in the membrane was determined using antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide which represents the C-terminal segment of the protein. Antibodies against this decapeptide did not bind to right-side-out cell vesicles. Partial inversion by sonication or lysis under low salt conditions exposed this COOH-terminal antigenic site. Antibody binding was removed by preincubation with the decapeptide. The COOH terminus of the molecule is therefore located on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Master's thesis policies in nursing education.

A telephone survey of 25 schools of nursing with doctoral programs was conducted to inquire about their master's thesis policies. Six programs require a thesis. Sixteen programs provide both thesis and other options, described in the paper. Other policy issues are discussed which include: relation of thesis to faculty research, criteria for serving on a master's thesis committee, and requirements for doctoral admission. Responses to the survey indicate a variety of types and degrees of research experience in master's programs.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caregiving and help seeking by mothers of low birthweight infants and mothers of normal birthweight infants.

The purpose of this research was to describe perceptions of infant health, caregiving at home, and help seeking by mothers of low birthweight (LBW) infants (n = 30) and mothers of normal birthweight infants (n = 30). In this descriptive study, data were analyzed through multiple regression, t tests, and content analysis of responses to researcher-constructed questionnaires. There were statistically significant relationships between: infant health and both confidence in caregiving (R2 = 0.18, p<0.001) and caregiver burden (R2 = 0.29, p<0.001); preparation for caregiving and confidence in caregiving (R2 = 0.10, p<0.05); and confidence in caregiving and caregiver burden (R2 = 0.12, p<0.01). Compared with mothers of normal birthweight infants, mothers of LBW infants perceived poorer infant health, t (58) = -2.02, p = <0.05, and more caregiver burden, t (58) = 3.50, p = <0.001. Mothers reported seeking help from a variety of resources, mostly nonprofessional for questions on infant care or nonserious infant health problems, and mostly physicians for questions on serious infant health problems. Nurses can use knowledge of mothers' perceptions of infant health, caregiving, and help seeking to facilitate mothers' management of caregiving and resource use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures: a CYTO2000 collaborative study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the assumptions on which the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) Standards and Guidelines for detecting mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures are based. METHODS: Data from 653 cases of amniotic fluid mosaicism were collected from 26 laboratories. A chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to compare the observed number of mosaic cases with the expected number based on binomial distribution theory. RESULTS: Comparison of observed data from the in situ colony cases with the expected distribution of cases detected based on the binomial distribution did not reveal a significant difference (P = 0.525). CONCLUSIONS: The empirical data fit the binomial distribution. Therefore, binomial theory can be used as an initial discussion point for determining whether ACMG Standards and Guidelines are adequate for detecting mosaicism.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social networks and help-seeking experiences of pregnant teens.

OBJECTIVE: To describe low-income pregnant teens' perceptions of their social network characteristics and their prenatal help-seeking experiences. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross sectional. SETTING: Prenatal clinic of an urban hospital (n = 29) and two other sites (n = 2). PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-one unmarried, low-income, pregnant teenage girls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Social network characteristics, including social support; relationships between social network characteristics and demographic variables; and help-seeking characteristics. RESULTS: Length of pregnancy was negatively correlated with network size (-.45, p = .011), emotional support (-.40, p = .026), tangible support (-.38, p = .033), and prenatal support (-.41, p = .022). Compared with older teens (18-19 years old), younger teens (16-17 years old) perceived their families, relatives, or both as providing a larger proportion of their total support (t(28) = 2.64, p = .014) and prenatal support (t(25.55) = 2.93, p = .007), and friends as providing a smaller proportion of their total support. Types of help most often needed were emotional and financial. The resource most used was the teen's mother, followed by the father of the unborn child. Barriers to help were most often the unavailability of someone on whom the teen relied and financial inadequacies. CONCLUSIONS: The perception of less support as pregnancy progresses may indicate a gap between needs and resources. Differences in younger and older teens' support sources and the focus of help seeking on emotional and financial support have implications for nursing care.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exercise training and mouse mammary tumour metastasis.

The present study was designed to address whether exercise influences the experimental metastasis of a mouse mammary tumour; a related issue was the impact of timing of exercise onset relative to tumour exposure on NK and LAK mediated cytotoxicity. After 8 weeks of forced treadmill exercise or voluntary wheel running or remaining sedentary, female BALB/c mice received an intravenous (i.v.) injection of female BALB/c mice received an intravenous (i.v.) injection of MMT line 66 tumour cells. Mice were then randomized into continuation of activity (TT, WW), cessation of activity (TS, WS), initiation of activity (ST, SW) and maintenance of sedentary condition (SS) for three weeks. Tumour control (TC) mice, who were matched to the SS mice for age, received an i.v. injection of heat-killed MMT 66 tumour cells. In total there were 8 groups including the tumour control. The average number of lung tumours did not differ by activity condition; however, the mice in the continuous treadmill group (TT) tended to have a higher tumour multiplicity (162 +/- 22) and those in the treadmill x sedentary condition (TS) tended to have lower tumour multiplicity (109 +/- 16) compared with the other groups except the SW group (95 +/- 15). The lymphokine activated killer activity in the spleen was significantly elevated in the TS (49 +/- 3%) and WS (44 +/- 3%) mice compared with the sedentary animals (30 +/- 3%) (p < 0.003 and 0.05, respectively). NK activity was lower in the mice that had stopped exercising (TS and WS) after injection of tumour compared with sedentary animals. These data suggest that although exercise training influences natural immune cytotoxic mechanisms in vitro, this may not translate into clinically significant changes in tumour burden. The dissociation between natural immunity and tumour outcome may reflect the relative resistance of the tumour line to lysis by natural killer cells. It remains to be tested if infusion of IL-2 (to induce LAK activity) in exercise trained animals results in fewer tumour metastases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Searching for normalcy: mothers' caregiving for low birth weight infants.

This research addressed the process mothers use to seek help when giving care to low birth weight (LBW) infants at home. The design was descriptive, using a grounded theory approach. Data from audiotaped interviews guided by questions about seeking help related to giving care were analyzed by constant comparative analysis. The sample was 14 mothers of premature LBW infants enrolled in a follow up clinic for high risk infants. Their LBW infants (M birth weight = 1,575 g) were 4-12 months old (M = 9) at the time of the interview. Searching for Normalcy through caregiving includes: learning caregiving, maintaining vigilance for progress, normalizing going alone with caregiver burden, and help-seeking. Mothers seek resources for information, assessment and treatment, respite caregiving, and support. Nurses can help mothers identify, access, and effectively use resources.

Adaptation, Psychological↗