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Biomedical subjects

K M Pozharisskiĭ

Publications and source records attributed to K M Pozharisskiĭ.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Hormonal and progenotoxic properties of mammary fat in pre- and postmenopausal cancer patients].

Since breast cancer may emerge both before and after menopause onset, relevant forms of the disease show marked biological and clinical differences. Intrinsic properties of mammary fat located in the vicinity of tumor, which play a definitive role in stromal-epithelial interactions, are an important factor of development of such differences. The DNA damage promoting hormonal (leptin and adiponectin production, aromatase activity) and progenotoxic. The properties of mammary fat such as formation of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, nitric oxide, malonic aldehyde, macrophage/histiocyte infiltration and estrogen 4-hydroxylase expression, were studied in mammary fat tissue of 95 patients with receptor-positive or receptor-negative breast tumors (reproductive--25, menopausal--70). It was found that progenotoxic properties might somewhat predominate, as far as differences in parameters and pathways are concerned, both in menopausal and still cycling patients. Hence, progenotoxic damage which represents mammary fat tissue status is perhaps modified by a number of genetic and mitochondrial factors. It may exert unfavorable effect on the course of the disease within a fairly wide period.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed2005

[Relevance of certain factors in the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease].

The relevance of certain factors in therapy of Hodgkin's disease was evaluated in patients with stage III A (232) and III B (97). Among them were age above 45 years, an increase of more than 50% in blood-serum alkaline phosphatase, presence of at least five lesions, lymph node clusters of 5 cm in diameter and more, and male sex, when two introductory courses of combination chemotherapy were used in stage III A or 2-4 courses (stage III B), followed by total or subtotal irradiation of lymph nodes. The prognostic relevance of either factor was further demonstrated by its increased significance when their different combinations were used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and oncoprotein HER-2 as a marker for clinical course and outcome in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine body (immunohistologic study)].

A retrospective immunohistological assay identified estrogen (ER) (72%) and progesterone (PR) (71%) receptor content in tumors from 76 patients with endometroid cancer (ER+ PR(+)--63.2%; ER- PR(-)--22.3%; ER+ PR- 9.2%; ER- PR+ -5.3%). Pattern R+ involved well differentiated cells, slight invasion of the myometrium and infrequent spreading to the regional lymph nodes, as compared with cases of unidentified ER or PR. Five-year survival in patients with ER+ PR+ tumors was 83% vs. 53% in cases without steroid hormone receptor expression (p = 0.04). HER 2 overexpression was found in 31.6% of tumors involving a decrease in total survival from 73 to 54.2% (p = 0.04). No significant correlation was established between ER and PR, on the one hand, and HER 2 expression, on the other. HER 2 overexpression leveled off the prognostic value of steroid receptor expression to a considerable degree; relapse incidence in patients with HER 2 overexpression in ER+ PR+ tumors rose 9-26.7% while five-year survival dropped 88-60% (p = 0.03). A distinct correlation between ER and PR expression (r = 0.96) was reported by D.C. Alfred et al. and verified by the H-scor procedure (R.A. Mc Clelland et al.). This procedure for steroid receptor expression determination is as the first unsophisticated, yet informative, method.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical evaluation of efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease].

Patients with stage III (A,B) Hodgkin's disease (366) received chemoradiotherapy consisting of 2-4 courses of combined modality treatment followed by total or subtotal irradiation of lymph nodes. Overall 10-year (84%) and 15-year (79%) and relapse-free 10-year (85%) and 15-year (82%) survival was reported in stage IIIA cases. Subtotal exposure proved relatively more effective in such patients without iliac and inguinal lymph node involvement. If, following combined modality therapy, intoxication symptoms were aborted in stage IIIB patients; fairly good results were obtained after total and subtotal irradiation of lymph nodes or involved areas (10-year (70%) and 15-year (65%) overall and 10-year (75%) and 15-year (75%) relapse-free survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical and morphologic correlations in bronchoalveolar cancer].

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is a variety of lung adenocarcinoma featuring peculiar morphological pattern, period of latency, long symptom-free course, no association with smoking, younger age of victims and prevalent frequency in women. While there are no reliable diagnostic criteria, radical surgery has good prognosis (3-year overall or relapse-free survival is 88.9 and 66.7%, respectively). Prognostically significant are such morphological subtypes as mucigenous and non-mucigenous carcinoma. The study included patients with stage I and II carcinoma. Regional dissemination incidence was significantly lower than in other varieties of lung adenocarcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Clinical course and treatment of Hodgkin's disease with concomitant bone marrow lesions].

Fifty patients with confirmed local multiple lesions of bone marrow were selected by 99mTc scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging and morphologically-supported trepan biopsy from 155 cases of Hodgkin's disease stage II-IVAB. Bone marrow lesions were relatively more common in younger patients 1-11 months after primary tumor detection (an average of 6.5 months). They were detected within 12-156 months (an average of 48 months) among relapsing patients with nodal sclerosis and mixed-cell tumors stage III-IVAB, mostly concomitant with anemia and lymphopenia. Standard combination chemotherapeutical regimens for primary patients (MOPP, ABVD and LOPP) and relapsing ones (CCNU-OPP and ABVD) were effective in those with bone marrow lesions. Side-effects (myelodepression) did not exceed normal levels, provided human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (beta-leukin) was administered for protection and leukopoietic stimulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Risk factors for bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin's disease].

The significant factors of risk for bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin's disease included age over 40 yrs, such unfavorable histological features as lymphoid exhaustion and nodular sclerosing stage II, symptoms of intoxication, an ESR of more than 50 mm/h, increased fibrinogen (> 5.0 g/l), blood-plasma alkaline phosphatase (> 130 units), leukocyte concentration (> 10,000 per min) and decreased hemoglobulin (< 100 g/l). Despite the reliable correlation between bone marrow involvement and said factors, relevant data did not provide a similarly reliable basis for accurate prognosis of tumor dissemination. However, our findings pointed to two categories of Hodgkin's disease patients characterized by minimal risk of tumor dissemination--patients under 20, with stage I-II AB and IIIA tumors,--and patients with similar tumors and such favorable histological patterns of major pathology as high lymphocytic ratio and nodular sclerosing stage I.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative analysis of data from trepanobiopsy and radionuclide visualization of bone marrow].

Scintigraphy of the bone marrow was tested as a noninvasive procedure of hemopoiesis evaluation in 79 cancer patients. Scintigraphy and trepanobiopsy of the marrow of iliac bones were carried out in all patients. The results matched in 88.6% (70 out of 79) pointing to a significant correlation (p < 0.01). A similar correlation (p < 0.05) (80% matching) was observed in cases of irradiation of ilioinguinal nodes. Besides, the coefficient of correlation of the data of quantitative and semiquantitative analysis of marrow scintigraphs was 0.7725 (p < 0.01). To summarize, the significant correlation between the findings of scintigraphic and morphological examination pointed to the potential of the former as an noninvasive procedure for evaluation of hemopoiesis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

[Investigation of nucleolar organizer region activity in epithelial cells of hyperplastic endometrial carcinoma tissue].

Such characteristics of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) as nucleolar and intra-nucleolar grain counts, NOR mean area, mean total NOR area in nucleus, nuclear area and nucleolus/nucleus ratio were identified using vaginal aspirate-smears from 34 patients with histologically verified diagnosis (adenocarcinoma--10, atypical hyperplasia (ATH)--10, glandular endometrial hyperplasia (GEH)--4); silver-staining and micro-imaging analyzer techniques were employed. Atypical hyperplasia and nucleolar count in nucleus progressively and significantly increased in the following sequence: proliferative phase--GEH--adenocarcinoma. Mean and total area of NORs showed a significant rise in ATH and adenocarcinoma. Those indices of endometrial cell proliferation and GEH were identical. Nuclear area and nucleolus/nucleus ratio offered most information for differentiating GEH, ATH and carcinoma. A highly reliable correlation was established between intra-nucleolar grain count and microscopically-assayed silver concentration, on the one hand, and NOR area, on the other.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Comparison of diagnostic significance of bone and bone marrow scintigraphy in patients with Hodgkin disease].

Diagnosis of skeletal tumors in patients with Hodgkin's disease is of paramount importance for precise staging of tumor process, prognosis and choice of optimal treatment. At present, according to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), scintigraphy of bones and bone marrow is not regarded as a standard examination procedure for this pathology. We believe, however, that the sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of this procedure for bone marrow examination are 91.4; 94.8 and 92.9%, while those of osteoscintigraphy--49.1; 97 and 80.6%, respectively. According to our statistics (based on chi-square-test), the sensitivity and overall accuracy of osteoscintigraphy were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of bone marrow scintigraphy. The specificity (100%) of bone marrow trepanobiopsy is beyond doubt. However its sensitivity (36%) and overall accuracy (70.7%) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of bone marrow scintigraphy (based on chi-square-test). Therefore, since the results of bone marrow scintigraphy are comparable to those of MRT which, like bone marrow trepanobiopsy, is a component of the diagnostic standard procedure approved by the UICC, bone marrow scintigraphy should be recommended for assaying the extent of involvement in Hodgkin's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Immunohistochemical study of the proliferation of breast cancer cells based on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)].

Proliferative activity was estimated in 10 benign lesions and 47 cancers of mammary gland (mainly, invasive ductal carcinomas), and 14 metastatic lymph nodes by means of immunohistochemical determination of PCNA. Total PCNA expressing nuclei (PCNAtot) and nuclei strongly stained (PCNAstr) were counted. Proliferation index (PI) measured by counting PCNAstr nuclei has a higher correlation (r = 0.94, p < 0.000000) with PI estimated by means of 5-bromo-2-desoxyuridine in vivo than that obtained by counting PCNAtot nuclei (r = 0.77, p < 0.000000). Total and strong PCNA expression increased significantly when graded according to H.J.G. Bloom & W.W. Richardson. There is a clear correlation between PI of primary breast cancer and its metastases in lymph nodes (r = 0.89, PCNAtot and r = 0.90, PCNAstr), but proliferative activity in metastases was significantly lower than that of in primary tumors (p = 0.02 and p = 0.003). PCNA expressing tumor cells is a method of evaluation of proliferative activity in tissues which permits using archival paraffin samples.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative study of the ploidy and cell proliferation of malignant epithelial neoplasms of various origin (flow cytometric assay)].

Flow cytometry was used for measure DNA content of tumor cells of squamous-cell carcinoma of the tongue and mucosa of the oral cavity fundus, invasive ductal breast carcinoma, endometrial, colonic and rectal adenocarcinomas. Frequency of aneuploidy is characteristic of tumor. Frequency of aneuploidy is high in the oral cavity and breast cancer, colonic and rectal carcinomas and low in cancer of the tongue and endometrium Aneuploidy is associated with nonfavorable clinical and morphological signs of breast cancer, carcinomas of the oral cavity, corpurus uteri and rectum. High DNA index is typical of aggressiveness of carcinomas of the tongue, breast and endometrium. High proliferative activity prognostic factor of endometrial adenocarcinoma. We also found aneuploid cells in normal epithelium of the corpurus uteri, colon and rectum of patients with aneuploid tumors of the same organ. It is possible to suggest that these cells is an unfavorable cause recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative study of the proliferation (by detection of Ki-67 antigen) and activity of nucleolar organizer regions in breast cancer cells].

The rates of proliferation, determined on the basis of antigen Ki-67 detection, and activity of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were compared in 10 benign lesions and 48 breast cancers (mostly invasive ductal carcinomas). Antigen Ki-67 was detected by the indirect immunoperoxidase method using polyclonal rabbit antibodies. Proteins of AgNORs were silver-stained after W.M. Howell and D.A. Black (modified by N.N.Mamayev). The fraction of Ki-67-positive cells--very close to proliferative pool--was 4.75 (1.60-11.76)% in benign tumors and 24.89 (8.64-65.16)%--in breast cancer, respectively. There was a significant correlation between Ki-67 expression and degree of histologically malignancy of breast tumors. There was a high correlation between Ki-67 expression in primary tumors and their metastases to regional lymph nodes; however, in metastases, the number of Ki-67-positive cells was significantly lower than in primary tumor. Also, the study established a distinct relationship between such indices of AgNOR activity as numbers of intra- and extranucleolar granules of silver and their total number in nucleus, on the one hand, and index of cell proliferation, on the other. The former represented specific clinicoanatomical features of tumor.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1997

[Morphogenetic studies in oncology].

Our laboratory morphogenetic studies have shown that most esophageal and intestinal tumors arise de novo, i.e. they are not necessarily preceded by the so-called "precancerous lesions". This is particularly true in the case of soft-tissue sarcoma (malignant fibrous histiocytoma and malignant hemangioendothelioma) which never involve "presarcoma" development. However, those investigations provided morphological characteristics of such early preinvasive cancers as carcinoma in situ and superficial cancer. Histological studies showed malignant fibrous histiocytoma to be low-differentiated sarcoma of fibroblastic origin. Wide-range morphogenetic potentialities of derivatives of the neural crest (miogenic differentiation) and Muller's epithelium (manifestation of connective-tissue properties) during tumor growth were identified in the course of the histogenetic examination of Triton experimental tumor and electron microscopy investigation of endometrial and ovarian tumor cells cultured in soft agar.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Aneuploidy and proliferative activity in breast cancer (flow-cytometric investigation)].

Flow-cytometric assay of DNA levels and proliferative activity of cell in 43 cancers of the breast was carried out. The cytometric data were evaluated versus age, histological malignancy and regional metastasis incidence. The study pointed to a direct correlation between malignancy and aneuploidy (increased fraction of cells featuring unbalanced levels of DNA as well as enhanced DNA index) involved in invasive ductal carcinoma. Aneuploidy and proliferative activity frequency is relatively higher in cases of regionally disseminated tumors. Aneuploidy tumor incidence is higher in age groups under 50 than in older patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Determination of the proliferative activity of breast cancer cells using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in vivo].

Proliferative activity was studied by immunohistological assay of label index (LI) involving the injection of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in vivo into 10 benign lesions and 40 breast tumors. LI level was found to be significantly higher in breast cancer patients (10.94%) than in cases of benign lesions (1.97%) (p = 0.000002). A similar relation was recorded between relapsed breast cancer (16.65%) and primary tumor (10.28%) (p = 0.03). The study also established a distinct correlation between LI of invasive ductal carcinoma and histological malignancy as determined according to Bloom and Richardson, p = 0.045 between stages I (6.03%) and II (9.60%) and p = 0.01 between stages II and III (15.37%), the ability to form tubular structures (p = 0.003), the numbers of mitoses and hyperchromatic nuclei (p = 0.006) between stages I (5.95%) and II (9.53%) and p = 0.003 between stages II and III (15.00%) and presence or absence of nuclear polymorphism (p = 0.03%). No correlation was observed between LI in breast tumor, on the one hand, and tumor size, degree of invasion, clinical stage, age, menstrual status and estrogen and progesterone receptor levels, on the other. LI in metastasis (7.07%) (15 cases) appeared to be significantly higher than in primary tumor (10.13%) (p = 0.001) and it revealed a distinct correlation with that in primary tumor (p = 0.39).

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗