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K M Reed

Publications and source records attributed to K M Reed.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Single nucleotide polymorphisms for integrative mapping in the Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

When multiple genetic maps exist for a species, integration of these maps requires a set of common markers be genotyped across the individual mapping populations. In the turkey, three genetic maps based on separate mapping populations are available. In this study, SNP-based markers were developed for integrating the cDNA/RFLP-based map (1) with microsatellite markers of the second-generation turkey genome map (2). Forty-eight primer sets were designed and tested and 33 (69%) correctly amplified turkey genomic DNA by PCR. Putative SNPs were detected in 20 (61%) of the amplified gene fragments, and 10 SNP markers were subsequently genotyped by PCR/RFLP for segregation analysis. Eight SNP markers were incorporated into the turkey genetic map.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Using the chicken genome sequence in the development and mapping of genetic markers in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

The efficacy of employing the chicken genome sequence in developing genetic markers and in mapping the turkey genome was studied. Eighty previously uncharacterized microsatellite markers were identified for the turkey using BLAST alignment to the chicken genome. The chicken sequence was then used to develop primers for polymerase chain reaction where the turkey sequence was either unavailable or insufficient. A total of 78 primer sets were tested for amplification and polymorphism in the turkey, and informative markers were genetically mapped. Sixty-five (83%) amplified turkey genomic DNA, and 33 (42%) were polymorphic in the University of Minnesota/Nicholas Turkey Breeding Farms mapping families. All but one marker genetically mapped to the position predicted from the chicken genome sequence. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the chicken sequence for the development of genomic resources in other avian species.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Integration of microsatellite-based genetic maps for the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

Integration of turkey genetic maps and their associated markers is essential to increase marker density in support of map-based genetic studies. The objectives of this study were to integrate 2 microsatellite-based turkey genetic maps--the Roslin map and the University of Minnesota (UMN) map--by genotyping markers from the Roslin study on the mapping families of the UMN study. A total of 279 markers was tested, and 240 were subsequently screened for polymorphisms in the UMN/Nicholas Turkey Breeding Farms (NTBF) mapping families. Of the 240 markers, 89 were genetically informative and were used for genotyping the F2 offspring. Significant genetic linkages (log of odds > 3.0) were found for 84 markers from the Roslin study. BLASTn comparison of marker sequences with the draft assembly of the chicken genome found 263 significant matches. The combination of genetic and in silico mapping allowed for the alignment of all linkage groups of the Roslin map with those of the UMN map. With the addition of the markers from the Roslin map, 438 markers are now genetically linked in the UMN/NTBF families, and more than 1700 turkey sequences have now been assigned to likely positions in the chicken-genome sequence.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Assignment of linkage groups to turkey chromosome 1 (MGA1).

Previous genetic mapping identified three linkage groups (M1, M18 and M26) in the turkey corresponding to chicken chromosome 1 (GGA1). This is inconsistent with previously described chromosomal differences between these species. FISH analysis of BAC clones corresponding to microsatellite markers from each of the three turkey linkage groups, assigned all three linkage groups to a single chromosome (MGA1).

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Survey of a cDNA library from the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

Genome characterization and analysis is an imperative step in identifying and selectively breeding for improved traits of agriculturally important species. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) represent a transcribed portion of the genome and are an effective way to identify genes within a species. Downstream applications of EST projects include DNA microarray construction and interspecies comparisons. In this study, 694 ESTs were sequenced and analyzed from a library derived from a 24-day-old turkey embryo. The 437 unique sequences identified were divided into 76 assembled contigs and 361 singletons. The majority of significant comparative matches occurred between the turkey sequences and sequences reported from the chicken. Whole genome sequence from the chicken was used to identify potential exon-intron boundaries for selected turkey clones and intron-amplifying primers were developed for sequence analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery. Identified SNPs were genotyped for linkage analysis on two turkey reference populations. This study significantly increases the number of EST sequences available for the turkey.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Assignment of non-informative turkey genetic markers through comparative approaches.

Molecular markers such as microsatellites, provide genetic signposts for navigating genomes. In general, genetic markers that are monomorphic or non-informative in mapping populations typically remain unmapped and as such are less likely to be included in future studies. The use of hybrid cell panels and in silico mapping via whole genome sequences allow for positional mapping of non-segregating markers. This study utilizes the INRA ChickRH6 whole-genome radiation hybrid panel and chicken whole-genome shotgun sequence to map microsatellite markers from the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Thirty-three of the 41 markers typed on the RH panel had significant linkage to at least one other marker and 83 of 100 sequences returned significant BLAST similarities. Positioning of these markers provides additional sequence tagged sites in the turkey genome and increases the potential use of these markers for future genetic studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A comparative genetic map of the turkey genome.

Genetic markers (microsatellites and SNPs) were used to create and compare maps of the turkey and chicken genomes. A physical map of the chicken genome was built by comparing sequences of turkey markers with the chicken whole-genome sequence by BLAST analysis. A genetic linkage map of the turkey genome (Meleagris gallopavo) was developed by segregation analysis of genetic markers within the University of Minnesota/Nicholas Turkey Breeding Farms (UMN/NTBF) resource population. This linkage map of the turkey genome includes 314 loci arranged into 29 linkage groups. An additional 40 markers are tentatively placed within linkage groups based on two-point LOD scores and 16 markers remain unlinked. Total map distance contained within linkage groups is 2,011 cM with the longest linkage group (47 loci) measuring 413.3 cM. Average marker interval over the 29 linkage groups was 6.4 cM. All but one turkey linkage group could be aligned with the physical map of the chicken genome. The present genetic map of the turkey provides a comparative framework for future genomic studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Microsatellite loci for genetic mapping in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

New microsatellite loci for the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) were developed from two small insert DNA libraries. Polymorphism at these new loci was examined in domestic birds and two resource populations designed for genetic linkage mapping. The majority of loci (152 of 168) was polymorphic in domestic turkeys and informative in two mapping resource populations and thus will be useful for genetic linkage mapping.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Turkey microsatellite loci from an embryonic cDNA library.

Expressed sequence tags (EST) containing microsatellites have been used in the development of both genetic linkage maps and syntenic maps for various species and, thus, offer the advantage of being a convenient tool in comparative mapping studies. A turkey embryonic cDNA library was constructed and screened with (CA/TG)15, (GA/CT)15, (AGG)10, and (AAAC)7 probes for the development of polymorphic microsatellite markers. Sequences of 128 cDNA revealed 42 new loci containing microsatellites. BLAST nucleotide analysis demonstrated significant homology to known mammalian or avian coding regions for 15 of the turkey EST, five of which matched chicken transcripts. The remaining 27 EST represented novel sequences. Of the 42 new loci, 31 were polymorphic when tested on commercial turkey lines, including the founding individuals of a new resource population developed for genetic linkage mapping. Comparative mapping of these markers will provide new information toward the evolutionary divergence of turkey and chicken as well as other species.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Allelic variation and genetic linkage of avian microsatellites in a new turkey population for genetic mapping.

Efforts to build a comprehensive genetic linkage map for the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) have focused on development of genetic markers and experimental resource families. In this study, PCR amplification was attempted for 772 microsatellite markers that had been previously developed for three avian species (chicken, quail and turkey). Allelic polymorphism at 410 markers (53.1% of total examined) was determined by genotyping ten individuals (six F1 parents and four grandparents) in a new resource population specifically developed for genetic linkage mapping. Of these 410 markers, 109 (26.6%) were polymorphic in the tested individuals, with an average of 2.3 alleles per marker. Higher levels of polymorphism were found for the turkey-specific markers (61.1%) than for the chicken (22.7%) or quail-specific markers (33.3%). To test the fidelity of the matings, demonstrate the power of these families for linkage analysis, and determine genetic linkage relationships, 86 polymorphic markers were genotyped for up to 224 birds including founder grandparents, parents and F2 progeny. Linkage relationships for many of the chicken markers elucidated in the turkey were comparable to those observed in the chicken. These data demonstrate that the new UMN/NTBF resource population will provide a solid foundation for constructing a comparative genetic map of the turkey.

Alleles↗
PubMed2003

Myosin light chain genes in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

Myosin light chains associate with the motor protein myosin and are believed to play a role in the regulation of its actin-based ATPase activity. Myosin light chain cDNA clones from the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) were isolated and sequenced. One sequence corresponded to an alternative transcript, the skeletal muscle essential light chain (MYL1 isoform 1) and a second to the smooth muscle isoform of myosin light chain (MYL6). The DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of both light chain genes were compared to that of the chicken. Based on the cDNA sequence, oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify genomic DNA from six of the seven introns of the MYL1 gene. Approximately 5 kb of DNA was sequenced (introns and 3' UTR) and evaluated for the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs were verified by sequencing common intron regions from multiple individuals and three polymorphisms were used to genotype pedigreed families. MYL1 is assigned to a turkey linkage group that corresponds to a region of chicken chromosome 7 (GGA7). The results of this study provide genomic reagents for comparative studies of avian muscle components and muscle biology.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2002

Development of 47 new microsatellite markers from a BTA6 library.

Chromosome-specific libraries provide a means to isolate genetic markers from specific chromosomal regions. A small-insert BTA6 library, constructed by microdissection, was screened for dinucleotide repeats (CA)15 and (GA)15. A total of 47 new microsatellite loci were developed and tested for polymorphism and informativeness using the MARC bovine mapping family.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

FHF-2 in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

A cDNA clone homologous to the fibroblast growth factor homologous factor (FHF-2) was isolated and sequenced from the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). The DNA sequence of the turkey was almost identical to that of the chicken (99% similarity) differing at only 8 of 770 nucleotides in the coding region resulting in a single amino acid difference between these poultry species. The 3'UTR of the turkey FHF-2 gene was 445 nucleotides in length and included an imperfect CT microsatellite (ms) repeat. The sequence of the 3'UTR was amplified from genomic DNA of the chicken and found to be highly conserved differing at only three nucleotides when compared to the turkey. Length of the CT repeat was indifferent in a sample of 52 turkeys (monomorphic) however, the number of CT repeats was greater in the turkey than in the chicken. No inter-individual polymorphism was detected in multiple sequences of the 3'UTR of the FHF-2 gene in the turkey. Based on comparison of the turkey and chicken sequences, the mutation rate for coding and associated non-coding (3'UTR) regions of FHF-2 are approximately equal.

Amino Acid Sequence↗