Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K M Sedlarik.
The authors recommend a calcium alginate sterile bandage SORBALGON, its advantage being that it has a haemostatic action, does not irritate tissues, is non-toxic, is easily changed and promotes healing. It is suited for covering extensive and deep wounds with ample secretion.
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The high number of available wound dressings as well as the scientific reports about this topic indicates that the problem of an ideal wound dressing material is not jet solved. In the last 30 years lot of scientific reports about collagen as wound covering has been published. The positive effect of collagen by this application on a wound is well-known. We investigated the effect of a collagen sponge on healing of full thickness wound in rats. The animals were divided in two control and two experimental groups. In the control groups there were air exposed wounds as well as wounds covered with paraffin gauze. In the experimental groups the wounds were covered with natural reconstituted collagen sponge as well as with chemically prepared sponge. All results were compared. The wounds with collagen sponge covering healed significantly faster. Also the quality of the wound healing was better in the experimental groups.
Spontaneous thrombo-embolism is an extremely rare disease in swine. We observed such a disease in a mini-pig. The animal attracted attention, because it did not eat its fill and breathed hamperally and shallowly but without stridor. Blood gas analysis and ECG findings indicated changes like in an acute pulmonary infection. 24 h after it had been admitted to our animal pasture the animal was dead. The reason was a pulmonary thrombo-embolism.
The aim of our study was to induce rapid endothelialization of vascular prostheses which replace malfunctioning blood vessels. We developed a technique of meshing a section of autologous arterial or venous tissue, wrapping it around a porous vascular prosthesis and fixing it with a running suture. This combination was used to replace a 1 cm segment of rat abdominal aorta. The implanted specimens were harvested after 8, 16, 24 or 135 d and evaluated for cellular ingrowth and endothelial coverage with light and scanning electron microscopy. All grafts were patent when harvested. Cells of the meshed tissue were observed to migrate through the pores in the prosthetic wall to cover the luminal surface. The presence of meshed vascular tissue around the prosthesis resulted in complete endothelialization within 24 d and sometimes within 8 d after implantation. This endothelial layer is still present after 135 d. In control prostheses without meshed vascular tissue, complete endothelialization takes at least 42 d. We conclude that the application of meshed vascular tissue around porous vascular prostheses results in patent prostheses with a rapidly formed and long-term surviving endothelium layer.
Pulmonary thromboembolism is one of the most frequent causes of death in our days. Notwithstanding the great efforts made in clinical and experimental medicine there has been no success as yet in filling the existing gaps in the understanding of pathophysiology of this disease. The blood electrically activated in vitro by direct current reacts like an endogenic thrombogenic substance. On the condition that such a substance is injected into the inferior vena cava, the clot is introduced into the pulmonary circulation and gives rise to pulmonary thromboembolism of a varying degree, each depending on the electrically activated blood injected. In the animal experiment it has thus become feasible, under standardized and reproducible conditions, to produce severe thromboembolism or chronic microembolism with subsequent hypertrophy of the right ventricle. The object of this contribution is a demonstration of a new, easy, and effective method for the induction of pulmonary embolism, which can be treated by thrombolysis.
It is known from clinical practice that the healing of wounds is influenced by the type of wound suture applied. In general, the scar resulting from an intracutaneous suture looks better than that produced by an uninterrupted suture or by knotted suture. With respect to the appearance of the scar, the intracutaneous suture is normally superior to other wound sutures. As suggested by the results of our investigations, this may be due to an undisturbed microcirculation within the wound. Thermovision shows that a local temperature increase appears sooner in a wound closed by intracutaneous suture, whereas the temperature increases more slowly in case of uninterrupted or knotted suture. We suppose that the alterations of microcirculation in a wound closed by one of the latter types of wound suture can be considered as disturbance in blood circulation which may be followed by healing disturbances and proliferations of connective tissue.
The results of our animal experiments showed that the sealing of a woven vascular prosthesis or a textile patch by in vitro electrically activated blood by means of direct current is an alternative for the sealing by fibrin adhesive. The materials sealed in this way are resistant to the endogenic fibrinolysis. This simple and non-expensive method is not useful for heparinised blood and in disturbances of coagulation.
In the electric field the solid blood components will move to the anode because of their negative surface charge. When influenced by a direct current of constant force and duration a thrombus differing in size will develop depending on the composition of the coagulation system. This regularity could be used for diagnostic purposes. By means of experiments with animals and clinical examinations the development of the "electro-clot" is observed in vitro before and after the administration of heparin. In addition, the behaviour of the thrombus developed in vitro in the electric field is checked in patients affected with obstructive lung diseases. Here a correlation existing between the mass of the thrombus and hematocrit could be proved.
Intrapericardially supplied agents for instance cardioactive drugs were transferred via lymph vessels in the myocardium likely. In case of dye application the myocardium and also the cardiac valves were coloured additionally. The effect on the heart should be more intensive and faster than after systemic application.
By means of direct current electrically activated blood (EAB) is an endogenous thrombogenic substance. One vessel is occluded permanently by an agglutinative thrombus after injecting such blood. So the thrombosis can be simulated in experiment. In face of the endogenous fibrinolysis EAB proved more resistant than spontaneously coagulated blood and also after adding thrombus in vitro. An iodinated X-ray contrast medium (Visotrast 370) prevents the thrombosis of an artery by EAB.
Due to preclotting of the vascular prosthesis, autologous blood has shown good results provided that heparinization has not become necessary, or blood coagulation disorders are not present. In cases where replacement of the aorta is performed in the thoracic cavity with extracorporeal circulation or in the case of severe coagulopathies, preclotting with autologous blood does not show satisfactory results. In this presentation we report on a new method of sealing vascular prostheses with the help of autologous blood activated electrically "in vitro". The direct current changes the blood in vitro into a thrombogenic substance. Sealing is effected by placing the outer wall of the prosthesis in electrically activated blood.
Endovasal transcatheteral blockage of arteries supplying tumours is a clinically tested palliative measure and can also be used preoperatively to reduce intraoperative bleeding and the spread of tumour cells. In recent years several, mainly exogenic, substances have been used along with autologous muscle slurry and extracorporally produced autologous thromboses. Blood which has been exposed to the in-vitro effect of anodic direct current behaves like an endogenic thrombogenic substance. This can be used to block the microcirculation and the main artery of an organ, which results in its total dysfunction and loss of the parenchyma.
Artificial myocardial ischaemia caused by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was treated in minipigs by the application of oxygen into the pericardial cavity. The results show that in this way acute myocardial ischaemia may be reduced. The application of oxygen into the pericardial cavity brought about, within 15 min, an improvement in the haemodynamic parameters. Several electrolytes, which were estimated from the blood of the sinus venosus, returned to normal.