Critical amino acid substitutions in the Src SH3 domain that convert c-Src to be oncogenic.
The Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, originally identified in v-Crk, plays an important role in signal transduction. The comparative study with c-src has revealed that v-src oncogene of Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus has three point mutations in its SH3 domain and one in the upstream of SH3. To assess the role of these mutations, each of the single mutations was introduced into c-Src by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and its effect on cell transformation was examined. While variant Src proteins that carry each one of single mutations could not transform cells, double mutation at positions 95 and 117 converted c-Src to be oncogenic and active in kinase. An additional mutation at position 124 together with one at 95 and 117 further activated Src kinase. By use of GST-fusion forms of v-Src SH3 and c-Src SH3, we found that these mutations in SH3 suppressed the binding of SH3 with c-Src protein, possibly with a linker region, while v-SrcSH3 retained the ability to bind a subset of cellular protein to the level similar to those of c-SrcSH3. Taken together, our results suggest that point mutations accumulated in SH3 region can activate, in concert, Src kinase by relaxing the interaction between SH3 and the linker region and subsequently convert Src to be oncogenic.