PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Machida

Publications and source records attributed to K Machida.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Tyrosine phosphorylation of 100-130 kDa proteins in lung cancer correlates with poor prognosis.

To search for the signalling pathways in lung cancer relevant to its aggressive behaviour, we studied tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in lung cancer cell lines and surgical specimens. We found that the profiles of protein phosphorylation were closely matched among these cell lines and cancer tissues of different histological origins, and 100-130 kDa proteins were the major components of phosphorylated proteins. In surgical specimens, approximately half of the cases showed tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins in a tumour-specific manner, and phosphorylation of these proteins showed good correlation with the survival length of patients after operation. By immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies, we found that p125FAK, p120 and beta-catenin were the major components of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in the surgical specimens. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins may play a role in tumour relapse and is available as a clinical marker.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Significance of serum lipase in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Serum levels of lipase (Lp) during the end of the dialysis showed a significant increase after the administration of heparin in hemodialysis patients. However, serum Lp levels were not increased after the administration of the anti-coagulant nafamostat mesylate in hemodialysis patients. Serum levels of Lp were significantly correlated with serum levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) 20 min after the administration of heparin during maintenance hemodialysis. Lp activity did not appear with the NEFA ligand for determining the NEFA activity. Inhibitors of LPL and H-TGL reduced the measured Lp activity in vitro. The main mechanism of elevated measured serum Lp activity in hemodialysis patients was determined to be cross-reactivity with LPL or H-TGL. Furthermore, measurement of Lp may be a method for determining optimal coagulation time in patients with hemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Relation among lifestyle, social network, blood pressure and serum lipids in the elderly].

The relationships among seven lifestyle factors including stress, which is focused on as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease recently, social network, blood pressure and serum lipids in the elderly were examined in a cross sectional study of 85 males and 65 females aged 60 years or over in the city of Sayama, Saitama Prefecture. The seven lifestyle factors were as follows: (1) amount of alcohol consumption, (2) cigarette smoking, (3) Physical exercise, (4) sleeping time per night, (5) nutritional balance, (6) body weight, and (7) stress. As social network factors, marital status and coping factor for stress and/or anxiety were introduced. Stressful life events strongly associated with stress status were also discussed. In this study, it was clear that age, alcohol consumption, stress status and stressful life events caused higher blood pressure. On the other hand, the social network was associated with lifestyle status and a controlled blood pressure level. Obesity and physical exercise were significantly associated with serum lipids. There results suggest that it is very important for the maintenance and promotion of health and risk reduction of disease among the elderly to control socio-psychological factors such as stress and stressful life event, and that a social network helps maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Sports and measurement of components in urine--responses of renal blood flow, electrolytes and hormones and of excretion of proteins into urine to exercise].

Renal blood flow decreased depending on the increase in exercise intensity. The kidneys may have roles to conserve the electrolytes and body fluid, and maintenance of acid-base balance during and after severe exercise. Increases in plasma hormones involved in the regulation of electrolyte-water balance, and decreases in urine flow, Na, Cl and K excretions into urine were observed following moderate exercise under a warm environment. Inhibition of electrolytes and water excretion into urine following exercise in water was less than that following exercise on land. Exercise in water is good for patients with hypertension, obesity and a mild renal disease who have tendency to conserve sodium and/or water. Increase in urinary albumin excretion, glomerular-type proteinuria was observed after moderate exercise (50 approximately 75%HRmax) in the obese individuals who had higher levels of hematocrit, serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cho, apoprotein B, CIII, and fasting insulin. The findings suggest that moderate exercise causes a latent abnormality of renal glomerular basement membrane in the obese individuals who had an early disturbance of glucose-fatty metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnostic microbiology of DNA in septicemia].

Bacterial species encode rRNAs that are functionally and evolutionarily conserved. The nucleotide sequences of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNAs (16S rRNAs) diverge in regions of around 1,400 bases. Bacterial 16S rRNAs possess nine or more conserved "universal" sequences. Between each conserved region there are species specific sequences. These regions provide targets for clinical detection and diagnoses based on molecular hybridization for the polymerase chain reaction. We designed one base discriminating primer in 16S rRNA for the specific amplification of these regions and the primers in 16S-23S spacer regions of the rrn operon. These DNA-amplification based diagnosis of the septicemia showed multiple bacterial infection and indicated uncommon species of bacteria in the blood.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnostic accuracy of 201T1 SPECT.MRI in brain diseases and inter-reader variance of diagnostic performance].

Fifteen-four studies of 201T1 brain tumor SPECT were independently interpreted by 9 nuclear medicine physicians with and without reference magnetic resonance images in 2 separate sessions to define an effect of referring images, and inter-observer variations. The physicians were requested to detect foci of abnormal deposits, and to discriminate whether they were malignant or not according to 5-grade scaling of subjective diagnostic confidence. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed. Mean sensitivity for presence of lesions (SEP), and sensitivity and specificity for malignancy of 201T1 SPECT were 84, and 53 and 55%, which were changed to 94, and 74 and 55% after referring to the MR images. The SFP was significantly improved (p < 0.05), but sensitivity and specificity for malignancy, assessed by areas under the ROC curves, were not significantly improved. Inter-observer variation of the SFP was significantly reduced with addition of the referring MR images. Cerebral lobar localization of lesions by SPECT showed great inter-observer variations (true localization ranged from 30 to 68.4%). It is concluded that 201T1 brain tumor SPECT has moderate sensitivity and specificity for malignancy, which is not improved by addition of anatomical reference images, that additional MR images reduce inter-observer variation of confidence on lesion presence, and that SPECT localization of lesions has great inter-observer variations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor in asthma therapy].

Thromboxane A2(TXA2), a platelet aggregator and vasoconstricter, has been implicated as a potential mediator of bronchial asthma. TXA2 induces potent contraction of airway smooth muscles and airway hyperresponsiveness. OKY-046 (ozagrel hydrochloride) is a specific inhibitor of TXA2 synthetase and a new antiasthmatic agent. In a phase III study ozagrel has shown significantly higher effect in ameliorating the asthma symptoms and reduced the dose of concomitant steroid therapy compared to azelastine hydrochloride. Both basical and clinical studies showed that TXA2 synthetase inhibitor is effective on airway hyperresponsiveness. In this review the role of TXA2 synthetase inhibitor in current asthma therapy, which is based on the Japanese guideline of allergic disorders, was discussed.

Asthma↗
PubMed1996

[Home oxygen therapy (HOT) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae--comparison between patients medically treated and those surgically treated].

In Japan there are about 40,000 patients under home oxygen therapy (HOT), of whom about 30 to 40% are pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae (TBS). These patients can be divided into three groups depending on the treatments they had, Group 1: those who had medical treatments only, Group 2: those who had artificial pneumothorax, and Group 3: those who had thoracoplasties or other surgical treatments. The purpose of this study was to observe the distributions and possible differences in the survival rates among these groups. The study included 1537 patients with TBS under HOT followed at National Hospitals and Sanatoriums nationwide in Japan. In 819 patients the treatments were specified and of those 354 were in Group 1, 29 in Group 2, and 436 in Group 3, so that the proportion of surgically treated patients in PTS was estimated between 28.4% (436/ 1537) to 53.2% (436/819). The ages at the onset of tuberculosis, at the start of HOT and the intervals in between were 36.6, 66.2 and 29.8 in Group 1, and 26.8, 65.5, and 38.1 in Group 3 respectively. Though the ages at the start of HOT were the same, those at the onset of tuberculosis were about ten years younger in Group 3 than in Group 1. Comparing Group 1 and 3, the survival rates after the initiation of HOT (Kaplan-Meier method) was better in Group 2 (surgically treated) than in Group 1 (medically treated). It is speculated that the reason could be a better preservation of the function of the remaining lung in the surgically treated and a higher incidence of obstructive impairments in the medically treated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Survey for hepatitis in an isolated endemic area].

Mass health screening for liver disease was conducted in A.H areas in N Town which is known to be an endemic area for hepatitis since 1985. Subjects were about 1,000 inhabitants in A.H areas and 1795 inhabitants in non-endemic areas (control) 6 years or older in age. Informed consent was obtained from all inhabitants. All subjects were interviewed for demographic data including age, sex, occupation past medical history, surgical operation daily intake of alcohol, folk use of remedies such as acupuncture and family history of liver disease. Body weight and height were also recorded. Blood obtained from all individuals was analyzed for liver function enzyme and hepatitis virus markers including anti-HCV and HBV markers. Furthermore, health education on how to prevent hepatitis and how to treat liver diseases was provided. The results were as follows. 1. Overall, the prevalence of anti-HCV was 24.1% in A.H areas, and increased in older individuals over 50 years old. To the contrary, it was 2.3% in control areas. The prevalence of HBsAg was the same in both areas. 2. Prevalence of history of surgical operations, blood transfusion and acupuncture were similar in A.H. area sand control area. 3. Risk factors for HCV infection were blood transfusion, acupuncture, history of liver diseases and anti-HBs positive. 4. Death rate due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma has been increasing year by year during recent years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR amplification of ribosomal DNA spacer region.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the important human pathogens in clinical microbiology. A polymerase chain reaction assay was designed to detect and identify S. pneumoniae through amplification of the ribosomal DNA spacer regions between the pneumococcal 16S-23S ribosomal RNA genes. Thirty-two Streptococcus and non-Streptococcus strains were tested to verify the specificity of the assay, and only S. pneumoniae strains gave a positive reaction. This method is a powerful technique for the rapid identification of S. pneumoniae.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1995

Effectiveness of lower-level voluntary exercise in disease prevention of mature rats. I. Cardiovascular risk factor modification.

To evaluate the chronic effects of voluntary exercise at lower levels on primary cardiovascular risk factors, inactive strain male Fischer rats were housed either with or without free access to activity wheels under controlled environmental conditions. The average amount of exercise for the 35-week duration was 722 (SD 362) m.day-1.rat-1, which was among the lowest found in the existing reports. Nonetheless, the body mass gains of the exercising rats were markedly inhibited, being 13% less (P < 0.001) than those of the sedentary controls, despite a 22% increase in food consumption (P < 0.0001), suggesting a remarkable prevention of adiposity. A noticeable improvement of serum lipid profiles was also found; a 53% reduction in triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.01) and a 13% increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.05). In addition, resting systolic blood pressure was lowered by 7% (P < 0.01). These results would suggest that even lower-level physical activity, if continued regularly, will attenuate the age-related development of cardiovascular risk factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

An approach to cerebral vasodilatory capacity in unilateral and bilateral cerebrovascular diseases using radiolabeled human serum albumin.

The acute cerebrovascular response to acetazolamide was assessed using a blood pool agent and planar dynamic imaging to evaluate cerebral vasodilatory capacity. Ten normal subjects and 12 patients with unilateral or bilateral cerebrovascular disease were studied. After the injection of radiolabeled human serum albumin, dynamic imaging of the anterior view of the head was started. Ten minutes later, 1000 mg of acetazolamide was infused. The dilatation index (the percent increase in activity at the peak response) was obtained for each cerebral hemisphere. The mean dilatation index in normal subjects was 17.1 +/- 3.2% (N = 20). The value was significantly lower in patients with multiple infarcts (7.7 +/- 1.1%, N = 8, P < 0.001), and below the normal range in two involved hemispheres of five patients with unilateral occlusive carotid artery disease and in three hemispheres of three patients with moyamoya disease. It was suggested that this simple method may be useful in assessing cerebral vasodilatory capacity in both unilateral and bilateral diseases.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1995

Rapid identification by polymerase chain reaction of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin serotype A and B genes.

A new system was designed to detect staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A (ETA) and B (ETB) genes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The primer pairs for the ETA gene (eta) were 20 and 20-mer, and its PCR product was a 741-bp eta fragment, while the primer pairs for the ETB gene (etb) were also 20 and 20-mer, and its PCR product was a 629-bp etb fragment. When these primers were simultaneously used in the PCR, the two types of ET were clearly detected as two bands in an ETA and ETB double-producer using only one colony within 3 hr. We examined 66 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and compared the results obtained by ELISA and PCR. The same results were obtained for 56 of the strains, i.e., 30 strains were ETA producers, 20 strains were ETB producers, and 6 strains were double-producers. However, positive results were obtained for 5 of the 10 non-ET-producing strains. Two of these strains were judged by PCR as ETA producers and three as ETB producers. Thus, PCR is very sensitive and rapid in detecting ETA and ETB gene fragments in colonies isolated from patients with SSSS.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Genetic identification of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction using single-base-pair mismatch in 16S ribosomal RNA gene.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most predominant and important pathogen in clinical microbiology. A DNA amplification assay using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was designed to identify S. aureus through a single-base-pair mismatch in the sequences of staphylococcal 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes. It was able to detect and identify S. aureus without requiring additional analytical techniques. Twenty-eight staphylococcal and non-staphylococcal strains were tested to verify the specificity of the assay, and only S. aureus strains gave a positive reaction. It may be possible to provide immediate and exact information for the identification of S. aureus.

Base Sequence↗