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Biomedical subjects

K Maguire

Publications and source records attributed to K Maguire.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Aggressive behaviour and platelet 3H-paroxetine binding in schizophrenia.

Forty schizophrenic patients were included in a study of the relationship between serotonin function as measured by 3H-paroxetine binding to platelet membranes and aggressive behaviour. Patients classified as either aggressive or non-aggressive were paired by age, sex and duration of illness. 3H-Paroxetine binding variations were avoided by taking samples for each pair between 09:00 and 11:00 h, within 4 days of each other, and by assaying pair of samples together. The mean Kd for the aggressive group was 0.193 +/- 0.126 nM and the mean Kd for the non-aggressive group was 0.176 +/- 0.164 nM. The mean Bmax for the aggressive group was 1451 +/- 386 fmol/mg protein while the mean for the non-aggressive group was 1549 +/- 375 fmol/mg protein. There was no significant difference between the groups for either parameter, Kd or Bmax. There were no significant correlations between psychopathology rating including positive and negative symptoms, depression, suicidal thoughts, impulse control, as well as both past and present history of aggression, hostility and irritability traits, psychopathic deviance and either Bmax and Kd. This study finds no relationship between aggressive behaviour and peripheral serotonin function as measured by 3H-paroxetine binding to platelet membranes.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Swelling of the knee joint: effects of exercise on quadriceps muscle strength.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of excessive fluid in the knee joint on the performance of the quadriceps muscles and to determine whether quadriceps muscle performance can be altered by exercising the swollen joint. DESIGN AND SETTING: A before-after trial design was used, and the procedures were performed in a laboratory setting. SUBJECTS: A random sample of 27 adult men with no musculoskeletal problems was divided into intervention and control groups. INTERVENTION: First, in all groups, torque generated by the quadriceps muscle was examined by isokinetic muscle testing undertaken at a joint angular velocity of 120 degrees/sec over a range of motion from 5 degrees to 80 degrees flexion. After this initial test, in group 1, 60mL saline and dextrose was injected into the knee joint and subjects repeated the maximal effort procedure. Subjects then performed submaximal exercise for 3 to 4 minutes, after which maximal effort testing was undertaken again. In group 2, subjects received no injection of fluid, undertook 2 maximum effort tests, then performed submaximal exercise for 3 to 4 minutes, after which maximum effort testing was undertaken again. In group 3 (control group), subjects undertook three maximum effort tests over a time period similar to that for the other groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Quadriceps muscle torque generated at 60 degrees from full knee extension. RESULTS: Torque decreased (p < .05) 30% immediately after the injection of fluid. However, torque returned to preinjection levels after submaximal exercise (p > .05). These findings were related to joint capsule compliance and fluid movement. No significant changes (p > .05) in torque were observed for the other two groups. CONCLUSION: Submaximal exercise of swollen knee joints can decrease artificially induced quadriceps muscle inhibition. These findings may have implications for patients with perennial effusions who at times undertake gait activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effect of ketorolac on microvascular thrombosis in an experimental rabbit model.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ketorolac (Toradol), a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor used for postoperative pain, on microvascular thrombosis in an established thrombosis model. Bilateral 3-mm arterial inversion grafts (n = 66) were constructed in the femoral arteries of New Zealand White rabbits. ALZET (ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif.) osmotic pumps were implanted in the external jugular veins for drug delivery. The blinded protocol called for the experimental animals to receive intravenous doses of ketorolac of 1.72 mg/kg per day (group 1) or 3.44 mg/kg per day (group 2), while control animals received equivalent volumes of saline. Patency was assessed at 7 days. Whereas 52 percent (13 of 25) of control vessels remained patent, 70 percent (14 of 20) and 86 percent (18 of 21) of group 1 and group 2 vessels, respectively, were patent at 1 week. This decrease in microvascular thrombosis with delivery of ketorolac was statistically significant (p = 0.0094). Ketorolac, at experimental doses approximating 9 and 18 mg IV q6h in a 70-kg man, demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in microvascular thrombosis. This study supports its use in clinical microvascular surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A survey of the adequacy of video display terminal/unit equipment in 7 local authorities in the Midlands.

In order to assess the adequacy of equipment in the run-up to the full implementation of the Display Screen Equipment Regulations, several local authorities agreed to take part in a pilot survey of their own video display terminals. The instrument was a self-reporting questionnaire based on the new regulations. A number of the questionnaires were also completed in parallel by EHOs in order to assess the objectivity with which questionnaires were completed. The surveys found many deficiencies but discovered that respondents with better levels of training were less critical of their work station. The reasons for this are discussed. The parallel inspection validated the instrument and suggests that self-inspection by users is a good indicator of some conditions at the work station but not of temperature, light, or relative humidity. Occupational stress was also measured. The levels were above UK average and levels of depression were found to be associated with respondents' aches and pains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Knee joint effusion and proprioception.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of excessive fluid in the knee joint on proprioception. Twenty healthy subjects with no knee pathology participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Baseline measurements of subjects performing a tracking task were then recorded. Specifically, one knee joint was moved passively by a dynamometer through a range of motion from approximately 90 degrees flexion to 10 degrees from full extension at a joint angular velocity of 60 degrees/sec. Subjects were blindfolded and required to track the passively moving joint as accurately as possible for a period of 1.25 minutes with the opposite limb. An electrogoniometer was used to monitor the motion of the active tracking limb. Ninety mL of a solution of saline and dextrose were injected into the knee joint cavity of the experimental subjects, and they repeated the tracking task. After a 5-minute rest, the control group subjects also repeated the task. The results indicated that the injection of fluid did not change the subjects' error in tracking the passively moving limb (p > 0.05). No change in the error associated with tracking was observed for the control group (p > 0.05). It is suggested that the effects of long-term effusions and the nature of the inflammatory fluid might be more responsible for the loss of proprioception observed in some clinical conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Significant correlation between 14C-5-HT uptake by and 3H-paroxetine binding to platelets from healthy volunteers.

The lack of correlation between 5-HT uptake by platelets and the ability of platelet membrane to bind antidepressant drugs, particularly imipramine, has been reported. However, more recently it has been suggested that 3H-paroxetine could be a better drug with which to study the platelet 5-HT uptake mechanism in disease states. We have therefore compared the ability of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from normal individuals to take up 5-HT with the ability of platelet membranes to bind paroxetine. A significant correlation was apparent between the Vmax of 14C-5-HT uptake by PRP and the Bmax of 3H-paroxetine binding to platelet membrane from 30 individuals (r = 0.6468, p = 0.0001). Furthermore, this correlation was highly significant in the 20 female (r = 0.7768, p = 0.00006) but not in the 10 male volunteers. There was also a significant association between Vmax and Bmax and the month of blood sampling but this did not totally account for the correlation between Vmax and Bmax. The simultaneous measurement of 5-HT uptake by PRP and paroxetine binding to platelet membranes from both depressed patients and matched controls should be carried out to confirm and extend these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Direct interaction between adenovirus E1A protein and the TATA box binding transcription factor IID.

Adenovirus E1A has long been known to activate/repress cellular and viral transcription. The transcriptional activity of nuclear extracts was depleted after chromatography on immobilized E1A protein columns that specifically retained the transcription factor (TF) IID. Stronger direct interactions between E1A and human TFIID than between E1A and yeast TFIID suggest that the unique sequences of the human protein may be involved. We have demonstrated that this interaction occurs directly between bacterially produced E1A and bacterially produced human TFIID in a protein blot assay. We propose that E1A protein may transduce regulatory signals from upstream activators to basal elements of the transcriptional machinery by contacting TFIID.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1991

Interactions between adenovirus E1A and members of the AP-1 family of cellular transcription factors.

We have studied interactions between bacterially produced E1A linked to Sepharose and the various DNA-binding proteins present in HeLa cell nuclear extracts (NE). DNA-binding activities and cross-reactive polypeptides recognizing the cAMP-responsive element (CRE) and the activator protein 1 (AP1) sites were bound to the E1A column, whereas nuclear factor 1 (NF1) and the activator protein 2 (AP2) DNA-binding activities were not retained by E1A. The binding activities that were retained belonged to the CRE and JUN protein family, as judged by Western blot analysis. Authentic CRE-BP1, c-Jun and c-Fos proteins produced by in-vitro translation also bound to the E1A column. However, efficient binding of in-vitro-translated CRE-BP1 and c-Fos proteins to E1A required preincubation with NE. We show here that immobilized E1A sequesters several cellular upstream transcription activators, and suggest a role for members of the AP1 family of transcription factors in E1A-mediated gene regulation.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Bone density of élite female athletes with stress fractures.

To investigate whether stress fractures occurring in élite female athletes are related to reductions in bone mineral density (BMD), we measured BMD in nine athletes with such fractures and nine athletes without fractures who were matched for age, weight, height and sport. BMD was measured in three regions: upper limbs (distal radius), axial skeleton (lumbar spine) and lower limbs (femoral neck) by photon absorptiometry. The number of menses per year was significantly less (P less than 0.04) and the age of menarche was significantly delayed (mean +/- SD; 16.1 +/- 0.4 v. 14.4 +/- 1.5 years, P less than 0.02) in the fracture group compared with the non-fracture group. There was no significant difference in BMD between the two groups at any of the measurement sites. Moreover although the fractures occurred mainly in lower limb bones, at sites characterised by predominantly cortical bone, all athletes had femoral neck BMD values within the 95% confidence limits for normal non-athletic women. We conclude that stress fractures in élite female athletes are largely independent of BMD.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of atypical depression with moclobemide: a sequential double controlled study.

A double-blind controlled study of moclobemide and diazepam in patients with atypical depression showed both to be effective antidepressants and anxiolytics. Statistical comparison showed diazepam to be significantly better than moclobemide at week 4. However, by week 8 there was no significant difference between the two drugs for depression scores although diazepam was a significantly better anxiolytic. Side-effects were minimal, and the most common side-effects emerging for both drugs were sleep disturbance and physical tiredness.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Specular microscopic follow-up of corneal grafts for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.

Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) has become the leading indication for penetrating keratoplasty. In our initial fifty patients having keratoplasty for PBK there was gradual loss of clear grafts in patients with retained intraocular lenses (IOLs). Specular microscopy was performed on donor tissue, and periodically postoperatively, for 130 grafts for PBK. The highest cell loss at one year was in eyes with retained iris support (39.2%) or anterior chamber (37.2%) IOLs. Cell loss in grafts with removed iris support IOLs (21.3%) was significantly less. When iris support IOLs were exchanged for anterior chamber (AC) IOLs, the cell loss at one year (27.1%) was intermediate. We recommend that iris support IOLs be removed at keratoplasty. Exchange for an AC IOL should be considered depending on the visual needs of each patient. Removal of AC IOLs should be based on consideration of prior tolerance and position of the implant.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

A study of the dexamethasone suppression test in hospitalized depressed patients.

90 patients with a primary depressive illness, admitted consecutively to one psychiatric ward were studied. All patients had the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) done before initial treatment. First treatment response was correlated with the DST results. The non-suppressors, as a group, improved with treatment better than the suppressors. However, unlike in previous studies, no relationship was found between non-suppression and poor response to antidepressant medication.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1983

The pharmacokinetics of mianserin in elderly depressed patients.

The pharmacokinetics of mianserin were examined in eight elderly depressed patients following a single oral dose of 60 mg. Plasma concentrations were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the data analyzed using a two-compartment open model. Mean (+/- SD) estimates were: absorption half-life 0.8 +/- 1.0h, peak concentration 117 +/- 23 micrograms/l, peak time 2.2 +/- 1.3h, distribution half-life 3.4 +/- 1.2h, elimination half-life 33 +/- 15h, apparent volume of distribution 20.2 +/- 7.9 1/kg, and oral clearance 0.49 +/- 0.21 l/kg/h. These parameters were not significantly different from those found in healthy volunteers. The absorption lag time (0.6 +/- 0.2h) and area under the curve (2009 +/- 566 micrograms/l/h) were significantly different in the elderly. The clinical implications of these differences for the treatment of elderly depressed patients are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Vitreoretinal relationship in diabetic retinopathy. A biomicroscopic evaluation.

The vitreoretinal relationships of 312 eyes with diabetic retinopathy were analyzed statistically, based on the results of biomicroscopic observation and photography of the vitreous. Vitreous detachment usually occurs outside the temporal vascular arcades, and the macula subsequently becomes involved in the midstage of the proliferative process. The incidence of no vitreous detachment and complete vitreous detachment are significantly lower in proliferative retinopathy as compared with nonproliferative than in nonproliferative retinopathy. The relatively high incidence of proliferation with no vitreous detachment indicates that vitreous detachment is not the sole triggering factor in the development of proliferative changes. However, partial vitreous detachment was shown, retrospectively, to stimulate a rapid exacerbation of the proliferative process as compared with eyes having no vitreous detachment or complete vitreous detachment.

Adolescent↗