Aminophylline is effective on acute exacerbations of asthma in adults--objective improvements in peak flow, spirogram, arterial blood gas measurements and lung sounds.
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Albuterol↗
Biomedical subjects
K Mano
Publications and source records attributed to K Mano.
[Medial medullary infarction following neck manipulation].
Reported is a case of a 39-year-old man with medial medullary infarction following chiropractic neck manipulation. Neurologically, he showed right hemiparesis sparing the face, right deep sensory impairment and tongue deviation to the left in five hours after neck manipulation. A cranial MRI revealed an ischemic lesion in the left medial portion of the medulla oblongata. Cerebral angiography demonstrated no apparent organic lesion of the right vertebral artery (VA), but showed hypoplasia of the left VA. We suspect that the left medial medullary infarction occurred because of the reduced VA blood flow following the contralateral VA compression, in addition to the ipsilateral VA hypoplasia. This case is the first one reported in which medial medullary infarction was possibly induced by neck manipulation.
Adult↗
[The development of slow-release theophylline products and revaluation of theophylline's role as a bronchodilator].
Methylxanthines have been regarded as first-line therapy both for acute exacerbations and for maintenance therapy. But international consensus report recommends that theophylline should not be used for acute attacks, and reserves theophylline as a second-line drug for the therapy of asthma. What role for theophylline today? There are many reports that theophylline is still useful in clinical circumstances. Recently interesting use may be emerging for the asthmatic, namely an anti-inflammatory role. The evidence for them will be reviewed.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
[Effects of age and sex on orthostatic change of blood pressure in normal persons].
Orthostatic change of systolic blood pressure was consecutively recorded using oscillometric method in 140 normal persons aged twenties to eighties and analyzed by age and sex. Systolic blood pressure generally increased after standing. The men, especially over the age of 50, failed to increase blood pressure immediately after standing (initial 1-3 minutes), and then increased. In the women, on the other hand, blood pressure generally increased after standing. The mean ratio of the blood pressure elevation for 10 minutes was higher in the women than in the men over 50 years old. Systolic blood pressure tended to fall immediately after the second supine from standing in both sexes. In conclusion, age and sex may influence orthostatic change of blood pressure.
Adult↗
[Change of blood pressure in head-up tilting test in patients with Binswanger-type infarction].
Change of blood pressure was analysed after loading of 90 degrees head-up tilting for 10 minutes in patients with Binswanger-type infarction to clarify the hemodynamic disorder of this disease. In 79 controls (mean age; 70. 1 years), systolic and diastolic blood pressures on standing were higher than those of the supine position, respectively. There was no difference in orthostatic change of blood pressure between the controls and patients with lacunar infarction (40 cases, mean age; 66.1 years). On the other hand, in patients with Binswanger-type infarction (29 cases, mean age; 67.8 years), blood pressure tended to show a marked decrease after standing, especially in the male. Systolic blood pressure was generally lower than that of the supine position while standing. It is suggested that the fall of blood pressure on standing would play an etiological or deteriorative role in this disease.
Aged↗
[The relationship among hematocrit, platelet aggregation and the time of onset in patients with acute stage-cerebral infarction].
We evaluated time relation among hematocrit (Ht), platelet aggregation (PA) and the onset of acute stage-cerebral infarction in 221 patients. Lacunar infarctions were likely to occur in the evening or at midnight. The elevated Ht value was frequently found in patients with infarctions occurring at midnight, suggesting that the elevation of blood viscosity has an intimate etiology to the onset. The decrease of PA was often found in those who suffered from their stroke while awake in the morning or at midnight, and frequently had been associated with elevated Ht in the latter patients. Decrease of PA is often reported during acute stage-cerebral infarction. Our results indicate that increased platelet aggregation may play an important role in developing cerebral infarction, especially in those who had onset of illness in the morning.
Acute Disease↗
Efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
To assess the feasibility and efficacy of rhGM-CSF in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, we conducted a double-blind placebo controlled phase III study in a multicenter setting. Patients were eligible if they had cytologically or histologically proven cancer, no prior chemotherapy, stage IIIB or IV disease, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2, an age of less than 76 years, and no symptomatic brain metastasis, disseminated bone metastasis, or previous vertebral/pelvic irradiation. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of mitomycin given at 8 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin given at 100 mg/m2 on day 1, and vindesine given at 3 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8 (MVP). If the granulocyte nadir count recorded after the first cycle of MVP was less than 1,000/mm3, patients were randomly assigned to receive recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) or placebo during the second cycle of MVP. The dose of rhGM-CSF was 125 micrograms/m2 given daily s.c. for 14 consecutive days starting on day 2. Of the 52 patients enrolled, 45 were evaluable. The nadir of granulocytes was significantly lower in the placebo group (P = 0.007). The period during which the granulocyte count was less than 1,000/mm3 was significantly longer in the placebo group (median, 6 vs 10 days; P = 0.04). The incidence of adverse effects related to rhGM-CSF, such as fever (> or = 38 degrees C) and skin rash, was significantly higher in the rhGM-CSF group (P = 0.011). The rate of response to chemotherapy did not significantly differ between the two groups. In conclusion, rhGM-CSF reduced the duration of chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia. The clinical usefulness of this agent may be deminished because of the adverse effects encountered when it is used in combination with a moderately myelotoxic chemotherapy regimen.
Adult↗
[Cytokine production by human airway epithelial cells and its modulation].
There is increasing evidence that airway epithelial cells play an active role in allergic inflammation, including bronchial asthma. We showed that human airway epithelial cells in culture release GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-6, and IL-8, using a serum-free culture system. These cytokines are known to modulate the bioactivities of inflammatory cells that accumulate at the site of inflammation. Among them, GM-CSF, IL-8, or both may be important because they influence the bioactivities of eosinophils, which are characteristic of allergic inflammation. Here we report on the effects of air pollutants such as suspended particulate matter and diesel exhaust particulates on release of cytokines from airway epithelial cells. All air pollutants we tested stimulated epithelial cells to release GM-CSF. These results suggest that one cause of the recent increase in the prevalence of allergic disorders is direct stimulation of airway epithelial cells by air-pollutants. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory agents such as steroids and anti-allergic drugs were found to suppress the release of GM-CSF from airway epithelial cells in vitro.
Air Pollutants↗
[Clinical evaluation of combination therapy of sulbactam/cefoperazone and aminoglycoside in respiratory tract infections].
We compared clinical efficacy and safety of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) with those of SBT/CPZ combined with aminoglycoside (amikacin (AMK), tobramycin (TOB), etc.) in treatment of respiratory tract infections in patients with underlying respiratory diseases, with cancer, or with acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory infections. Clinical evaluations of monotherapy with SBT/CPZ in a total of 30 patients showed excellent results in 5, good results in 17. Clinical effects of combined therapy of SBT/CPZ plus different aminoglycosides in a total of 33 patients were excellent in 18, good in 5. The efficacy rates (excellent plus good) were 73.3% in the monotherapy and 69.7% in the combined therapy. AMK was used concomitantly with SBT/CPZ in 16 of 33 patients. Clinical effects of SBT/CPZ plus AMK were excellent in 10, good in 3, and the efficacy rate was 81.3%. Bacteriological effects were evaluable against 11 strains in the monotherapy group, and against 17 strains in the combined therapy group. The eradication rates were 54.5% in the monotherapy group, and 81.3% in the combination therapy group. Diarrhea was observed in a patient who received the monotherapy. Abnormal laboratory test results were observed on in 5 patients who received the monotherapy, and in 4 patients who received one of the combined therapies. All abnormalities disappeared after the completion or discontinuation of therapies. We considered SBT/CPZ combined with an aminoglycoside is a useful chemotherapy for respiratory tract infections in patients with underlying diseases and acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections.
Adult↗
[Allergic diseases: progress in diagnosis and therapy. II. Approach to diagnosis and treatment. 2. New mode of application of anti-allergy preparations. 3) Bronchodilator agents (beta-receptor agonists, xanthine derivatives, and anti-cholinergic agents)].
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Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
International opinion survey for bioethics and medical genetics.
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Abortion, Eugenic↗
Expression of a novel form of Tec kinase in hematopoietic cells and mapping of the gene to chromosome 5 near Kit.
The Tec kinase was initially identified as a novel cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase that is preferentially expressed in the liver and is highly homologous to the Drosophila Dsrc28C src-related tyrosine kinase. In screening of interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent myeloid leukemia cells for protein tyrosine kinases, we observed that all cell lines examined expressed high levels of Tec transcripts. However, characterization of Tec cDNAs indicated that they differed significantly from the published sequence. Most strikingly, an insertion of 41 bp in the 5' region affects the initiation codon and results in replacing the published 13 amino acid amino-terminal sequences with 94 amino acids. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, only the form containing the insertion was detected in hematopoietic cells. In addition, we found an in-frame insertion of 66 bp that introduces an additional 22 amino acids into the SH3 domain. This insertion restores conserved SH3 sequences that are found in the src gene family and in the Dsrc28C gene. By PCR analysis, approximately equal levels of Tec transcripts containing the intact SH3 domain and containing the 22 amino acid deletion were found in hematopoietic cells. Lastly, by interspecies backcross analysis, we show that the Tec gene is tightly linked to the c-Kit gene on mouse chromosome 5.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[A case of marked eosinophilia in peripheral blood induced by rhGM-CSF].
A 53-year-old man underwent chemotherapy (CDDP, VDS, MMC) for treatment of lung cancer. He was given 125 micrograms/m2 of GM-CSF subcutaneously every day for 8 consecutive days, in order to prevent neutropenia. Three days after starting GM-CSF therapy, marked eosinophilia in peripheral blood was observed. The maximum eosinophil count was 89% of leukocytes. Nine days after stopping the treatment with GM-CSF, the number of eosinophils had normalized spontaneously. There were no clinical symptoms except for slight fever, up to 37.5 degrees C. Moreover, there was no relationship between the number of eosinophils and the serum levels of cytokines (IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF), although we observed minimal but significant elevation of serum ECP level. This case indicates that GM-CSF may induce marked eosinophilia rather than widely stimulating granulocytes and monocytes.
Blood Proteins↗
Remission of myasthenia gravis: clinical, electrophysiological and immunological studies.
The prognosis of 142 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) was clinically investigated. Forty-nine (35%) had clinical remission (CR) and 23 (16%) good improvement (GI), while 70 (49%) remained in poor condition. Favorable clinical factors for CR were the onset of MG before the age of 20 years, a pre-thymectomy period of less than one year, and a post-thymectomy period of six years or more. Single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) showed abnormal jitter in nine (47%) of the 19 CR patients, while abnormal jitter was shown in 13 (81%) of the 16 GI patients. Abnormal jitter in CR patients was correlated with the following clinical factors: complication with the thymoma, a period of three or more years from thymectomy to remission, and a remission period of less than six years. An anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibody was positive in 12 CR patients (63%) as well as in 13 GI patients (81%). Based upon these facts, we point out that true remission seldom occurs in MG patients, and that there exist clinical features that may favorably induce clinical remission. We would like to postulate that electrophysiological and immunological follow-up is indispensable even in CR patients to predict recurrence.
Adult↗
Chronic necrotising pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus niger in a mildly immunocompromised host.
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Aspergillosis↗
Genetic disease patterns in Japan: a review.
Comprehensive genetic studies in which the genetic structure of a population is considered against the background of ecological factors, including environmental and social variables, often supply valuable information for the solution of a number of problems in human biology, including reproductive compensation and inbreeding depression. In the first section of this paper we consider the incidence of genetic diseases in Japan in reference to other populations. Some of the genetic disorders found elsewhere do not occur or are of lower frequencies in Japan. On the other hand, a number of genetic diseases occur at higher than usual frequencies, leading to an incidence of genetic disease of the order of about 1 per 100 in newborn Japanese. We next review the studies of consanguinity in Japan and report evidence of very high levels, ranging from 8.6% to 58.0%, for villages during the early part of the twentieth century. The rates are declining rapidly for the country but, because of traditional social values, inbreeding rates remain significant in many small villages. In the final section we consider the probable trends in the frequency of inbreeding on a worldwide basis and point out that frequencies of certain genetic diseases are likely to remain high and even increase in some societies because of various socially prescribed mating patterns.
Consanguinity↗
[Clinical course of asthmatics with severe asthma attack].
This study was conducted on 39 patients whose severe attacks of bronchial asthma with disturbance of consciousness required admission to the ICU of our hospital between 1984 and 1989. Among the 39 patients, there were 16 deaths. Most patients collapsed suddenly at home and were taken to our hospital. Arterial blood gas analysis at the time of admission to the ICU revealed that the PaO2 levels were as high as 252.6 +/- 57.6 (mean +/- S.E.) Torr in non-survivors and 221.0 +/- 29.7 Torr in survivors, with no significant difference because of prior oxygen therapy in almost all cases. Systolic blood pressure was 14.8 +/- 10.8 (mean +/- S.E.) mmHg, with marked circulatory disturbance in the fatal cases. Most patients displayed marked disturbance of consciousness, but maintenance of blood pressure led to recovery without sequelae despite marked disturbance of consciousness in most patients.
Adolescent↗
[A family with autosomal dominant hereditary myoedema, muscular irritability, stiffness and hypertrophy].
A familial case with autosomal dominantly transmitted myoedema, muscular irritability, stiffness and hypertrophy was reported. The patient is 54 years old and his father, two sisters and niece had suffered from the similar symptoms. He had noticed a feeling of stiffness and pain in the femoral muscles after several minutes of erect position from the age of 5-6 years. He had observed that light tapping of muscles caused a bulge which persisted for several seconds in the whole body. These symptoms were not progressive. The patients had an athletic appearance, hypertrophy of gastrocnemius muscles, pes cavus and hammer toes. Mild muscular weakness and wasting were noted in the intrinsic hand muscles and the anterior tibial muscles. Myoedema was seen in the muscles of the whole body. His thyroid functions were normal. EMG studies showed no myotonic discharges. Light microscopy of biopsy specimens from the biceps brachii muscle showed unspecific myopathic changes. Electron microscopy showed many vacuoles between myofibrils. The symptoms and signs of this case are very like to those of the cases which Torbergsen described in 1975 and only four families were reported after that. The family presented here is the first report in Japan.
Edema↗