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K Mara

Publications and source records attributed to K Mara.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Predicting performance of annual safety outcomes.

A control chart system was developed in an earlier paper to identify the occurrence of actual risk changes or deviation from the expected levels of road crash fatalities during the course of a year. This paper discusses the development of a prediction method for estimating number of fatalities during a year. The method then provides a mechanism for estimating the likelihood of meeting a pre-set target or any other outcome. At any point of time in a year, the attainability of a target for the year, depends not only on safety outcomes during the remainder of the year but also on outcomes up to that point in the year. High week to week variability would indicate that it can be difficult to achieve the intended maximum goal. The control charts developed earlier, indicate if the current trend differs from the expected trend or that required to achieve the target. This paper determines the probability of achieving the target given the past outcomes of the year. It also determines the level of outcome for the year based on the past trend and in the absence of any special programmes. The paper discusses the New Zealand application as an example.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2000

Monitoring performance of road safety programmes in New Zealand.

While the number of crashes during a certain time period such as a week, month or a year indicates the level of risk on the road, it may fluctuate without any change in the actual underlying risk. If the number of crashes increases or decreases during a period of time, it indicates one of two possibilities: (1) the probability of a crash during the period has changed, or (2) the difference is due to the stochastic nature of the event, i.e. it is due to a random fluctuation. A control chart system is developed in the paper to identify the occurrence of actual risk changes or deviation from the expected level and likelihood of meeting the target. The paper discusses the development of control charts to monitor fatalities at the national level, which can also be used at regional levels, with respect to the pre-set targets. In a traditional control chart, the production process is composed of identifiable and controllable inputs. The levels of the inputs can be designed before production. In the case of road safety, it is not feasible to do so. Here the nature and quality of the input 'controls' are such that they may influence the safety outcomes indirectly. Estimates of variability used in the analysis must take account of this peculiarity. The attainability of a target, to be achieved within a given period, depends not only on future safety outcomes but also on outcomes in the past. A cumulative control chart has been developed in this paper to particularly facilitate the monitoring of targets.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

Resolution of the diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate binding subunit from a multiprotein form of HeLa cell DNA polymerase alpha.

A diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) binding subunit has been resolved from a high molecular weight (640,000) multiprotein form of DNA polymerase alpha [deoxynucleoside triphosphate:DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed), EC 2.7.7.7] from HeLa cells [DNA polymerase alpha 2 of Lamothe, P., Baril, B., Chi, A., Lee, L. & Baril, E. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 4723-4727]. The Ap4A binding activity copurifies with the DNA polymerizing activity during the course of purification. Hydrophobic chromatography on butylagarose resolves the Ap4A binding activity from the DNA polymerase. The Ap4A binding activity is protein in nature since the binding of Ap4A is abolished by treatment of the isolated binding activity with proteinase K but is insensitive to treatment with DNase or RNase. The molecular weight of the Ap4A binding protein, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions or by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after photoaffinity labeling of the protein with [32P]Ap4A is 92,000 or 47,000. The binding activity of this protein is highly specific for Ap4A.

Adenine Nucleotides↗