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K Matsubayashi

Publications and source records attributed to K Matsubayashi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A case of treatment-related leukoencephalopathy: sequential MRI, CT and PET findings.

A case of treatment-related leukoencephalopathy is presented. A patient with medulloblastoma was postoperatively treated with craniospinal axis irradiation. One month after irradiation, weekly intrathecal administration of methotrexate was performed 4 times to treat cerebrospinal fluid dissemination of the tumor. Two months after the initiation of intrathecal chemotherapy, the patient became somnolent and developed decerebrate posturing. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse leukoencephalopathy. Positron emission tomography revealed a diffuse decrease in glucose uptake in the deep white matter. Auditory evoked potential also showed diffuse abnormalities, not only in the cerebrum, but also in the brain stem. High dose intravenous leucovorin rescue was attempted without any neurologic improvement.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Metabolic disposition of DQ-2556, a new cephalosporin, in rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys.

The metabolic disposition of DQ-2556 was studied in rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys after an intravenous administration of 20 mg of 14C-labeled drug per kg of body weight. The serum data were analyzed by the two-compartment open model. The mean half-lives for the drug in serum at excretion phase were 18.1, 54.4, 21.8, and 63.6 min in rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys, respectively. The volume of distribution and total body clearance ranged from 0.18 to 0.30 liter/kg and 0.065 to 0.45 liter/h/kg, respectively. This compound was distributed to the tissues rapidly and well, especially to the kidney, trachea, liver, thyroid, skin, and lung. Tissue concentrations declined rapidly in a few hours and then very slowly. However, no accumulation was observed in any tissues. The results of a protein-binding study by ultracentrifugation indicated that DQ-2556 was 20 to 30% bound to serum proteins in animals and its affinity was low. Almost 90% of the administered radioactivity was excreted into urine in all species. Biliary excretion in rats was 3.1% of the dose. Nearly 70% of the dose or more was excreted into urine as unchanged drug, and the amounts of urinary metabolites were small except in rabbits, in which substantial amounts of polar metabolites were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of DQ-2556, a new 3-quaternary ammonium cephalosporin antibiotic, in humans.

A total of 5 healthy volunteers were enrolled in a crossover study on the dose dependency and the effect of probenecid on pharmacokinetics of DQ-2556. They were administered intravenously 0.5 and 1.0 g of DQ-2556, and 1.0 g of DQ-2556 with oral administration of probenecid. The linearity in pharmacokinetics of DQ-2556 was confirmed up to the dose of 1.0 g. In the case of 1.0 g of DQ-2556 with probenecid treatment, the area under the serum concentration-time curve was larger, and total and renal clearances were less than those in the case of 1.0 g of DQ-2556 alone (by approximately 15% for each parameter, p < 0.01). These results demonstrated that DQ-2556 is secreted in the renal tubule, although it is excreted mainly by the glomerular filtration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Incidental brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and neurobehavioral functions in the apparently healthy elderly.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Controversies exist whether incidental neuroradiological brain lesions in the elderly are associated with depressed neuropsychological function. To address this important issue in a cross-sectional study, we related brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging to a variety of cognitive and neurobehavioral function tests in an independent, normal elderly population. METHODS: We studied 73 independent asymptomatic elderly individuals (mean +/- SD age 70 +/- 6 years) to determine the relations between degree of brain atrophy, location and number of "lacunes," and grade of periventricular hyperintense lesions with a variety of cognitive and neurobehavioral function scores. RESULTS: We found that severity of neuroradiological changes increased while neuropsychological function scores declined with age. After adjustment for the effect of age, advanced periventricular hyperintensities, but not brain atrophy or patchy "lacunar" lesions, were associated with declines in all neuropsychological functions tested. CONCLUSION: We conclude that incidental advanced periventricular diffuse or patchy white matter changes may play a role in the development of cognitive and neurobehavioral impairments in apparently normal elderly persons.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of subjective happiness in the elderly using a visual analogue scale of happiness in correlation with depression scale].

A Visual analogue scale of happiness (VAS-H) was applied to elderly population in a community to evaluate their subjective quality of life. The study population consisted of 313 elderly people aged over 75. Using a 20 cm visual analogue scale (VAS), VAS-H was measured by asking subjects to place a single vertical mark on a horizontal line at a point corresponding to their current subjective degree of happiness judged from health condition and psycho-social background as a whole; The VAS-H was anchored on the left and with the words "-100%; unhappiest" and on the right end with the words "+100%; happiest". The scores of VAS-H (%) were obtained by multiplying the distance (cm) from the zero point to the vertical line by 10. To determine the characteristics of VAS from the standpoint of the quality of life, we compared VAS with scores of two kinds of established depression scale, because the mood which was assessed by these scale was supposed to be an important factor of the quality of life. The results of the simultaneously assessed Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Zung's depression scale (SDS) which was obtained 1 year before for the same subjects were compared with that of VAS-H. The score of VAS-H had a significantly negative correlation with both GDS and SDS. In conclusion, VAS-H was a simple and useful method to evaluate degree of subjective happiness which was one factor of quality of life in the elderly people.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of subjective happiness in the elderly using a visual analogue scale of happiness to analyze the effect of life style and neurobehavioral function on subjective happiness].

The effects of activity of daily living (ADL), physical conditions, social environmental factors and neurobehavioral functions on subjective happiness were investigated in 313 elderly subjects. The degree of subjective happiness was measured using visual analogue scale of happiness (VAS-H). There was significant relationship between VAS-H and ADL. The VAS-H score had weak but significant correlation with physical conditions and neurobehavioral functions. The social environmental factors, especially economical conditions, family relationships and group behavior had a significant correlation with VAS-H. In conclusion, in apparent healthy elderly people, the subjective degree of happiness was not related to ADLs, but to social environment and information physical conditions.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

[Application of visual analogue scale of happiness to elderly Himalayan highlanders].

Visual analogue scale of happiness (VAS-H) was applied to elderly Himalayan highlanders to investigate the influence of life-style and socio-cultural background on subjective happiness. The score of "VAS-H" and neuropsychological function tests in 733 Himalayan highlanders who belonged to 5 separate villages were compared with those in 313 Japanese elderly subjects. The places of study consisted of 4 villages (Khalimabad; K, Gulmit; G, Pasu; P, Shimshal; S) in Hunza area in Pakistan, and Namche Bazar; N in Nepal. Degree of modern civilization was highest in K, followed by N, G, P and lowest was that in S by historical and sociological aspects. The mean VAS-H sore in Himalayan highlanders and the degree of modern civilization in the area was in inverse proportion. Himalayan elderly women showed a significant lower score on VAS-H compared with elderly Himalayan men or elderly Japanese subjects. The VAS-H score in the Japanese elderly correlated significantly with the stability of posture and walk, and that of Himalayan highlanders correlated significantly with manual skill. In conclusion, the life style or socio-cultural background strongly affected subjective happiness in the elderly. The VAS-H was useful in comparing subjective happiness in different cultures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Activities and isozymes of adenosine deaminase and lactate dehydrogenase in tuberculous pleural effusion with special reference to the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis].

We have previously shown that tuberculous pleurisy possesses a high level of adenosine deaminase (ADA) which is predominantly composed of ADA2. In this paper, we report the cases of tuberculous pleural effusion which contained mainly ADA1. In these cases, mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive by smear examination and/or culture and granulocytes were found to be major components. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) revealed that its activity was high and LDH5 occupied about 50% of total activity. In the tubercle bacillus negative cases, lymphocytes were the main components and the levels of LDH containing mostly LDH3 were low. It was assumed that the difference in LDH activity and isozyme pattern is due to the differential presence of leukocytes in pleurisy i.e., granulocytes and lymphocytes in tubercle bacillus positive and negative pleurisy, respectively. In conclusion, tuberculous pleural effusions can be divided into two groups on the basis of ADA and LDH activities and isozymes which may reflect the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1992

Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of diurnal blood pressure changes upon cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. DESIGN: Fifty-four asymptomatic hypertensive and 34 normotensive elderly subjects underwent both 24-h non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and brain magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS. Diurnal variation was defined as a difference of greater than or equal to 10 mmHg between mean awake and asleep systolic blood pressure. Hypertensives were thus classified as dippers or non-dippers. Low intense foci (lacunae) and advanced periventricular hyperintensity were identified as silent cerebrovascular damage. RESULTS: In the hypertensive group, lacunae were correlated more closely with mean asleep systolic blood pressure than with mean awake systolic blood pressure. Age, awake blood pressure, predicted whole blood viscosity, lipid profiles or quantity of sleep did not differ between the hypertensive dippers or non-dippers. The non-dippers, however, showed significantly higher grades of cerebrovascular damage as well as cardiac hypertrophy by electrocardiography than the dippers, whose results were similar to those of normotensives in this regard. CONCLUSIONS: An absent or lower nocturnal blood pressure fall in elderly hypertensives is associated with silent cerebrovascular damage. In contrast, the presence of a nocturnal fall could prevent the development of hypertensive vascular damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Spectral analysis of electromyograms for extraocular muscles in normal and ophthalmoplegia cases.

Quantitative analysis of electromyograms (EMGs) of the extraocular muscles (EOMs), which contain fast fibers, like all skeletal muscles, but also slow fibers, was carried out in healthy subjects and a patient with external ophthalmoplegia. Interference EMGs of normal extraocular muscles demonstrated a relatively higher power spectrum in the higher frequency domain than those of the biceps brachii (BB). In the case of ophthalmoplegia, the lateral rectus (LR) and medial rectus (MR) muscles demonstrated a power spectrum with a wide ranging distribution up to 2,000 Hz in the early stage of recovery. Conservative treatment led to an improvement in the patient's ocular motility accompanied by a gradual shift of the spectrum towards lower frequencies within 265 days, during which time EMG examinations were performed four times. The results imply that the electrical activity of the slow fibers proper in the extraocular muscles affects the high frequency domain of the power spectrum and that the those fibers synchronously improve with fast fibers.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

[Power spectral analysis of electromyograms in fast and slow fibers of cats extraocular muscles].

Electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from the muscle fibers in the orbital layers through the global layers of superior rectus muscle of the cat. Power spectrum analysis was applied to investigate the quantitative differences between EMG patterns in both layers. The median of the power spectrum in frequency from the global layers was 400-700 Hz, which was considered to be an EMG pattern of the fast fibers. On the other hand, EMG from the orbital layers showed a small amplitude of 35-70 microV and two different types of power spectrum; one had the median frequency of more than 1,000 Hz and the other, about 500 Hz. It was suggested that the high frequency component was due to multi-innervated slow fibers and the low frequency component was due to singly innervated and intermediate fibers. The study of the power spectrum of interference electromyograms provides an advantage to differentiate the electrical activities of the slow fibers from the fast ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of two human lymphoid cell lines producing human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) isolated from patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy or encephalopathy.

Two cell lines, CNS-5 and CNS-6, were established by cocultivation of sedimented cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from two anti-human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody-positive male patients with encephalopathy and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, respectively, with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy seronegative female. These cell lines, possessing a normal female karyotype, revealed similar characteristics as follows; they expressed HTLV-I-related antigens, they produced C-type retrovirus particles, HTLV-I provirus genomes were integrated into their DNAs, and they had CD4+ activated T-cell markers. In addition, immunocytochemical and immunoelectron microscopic studies showed peculiar immunoreactivity of these cell lines with anti-alpha/beta T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) antibodies; beta Fl, defining beta chain epitope, was only positive in the perinuclear spaces and rough endoplasmic reticulum in some cells, and WT31, recognizing alpha/beta framework, was mostly negative, while CD3 was expressed in the majority of the cells. These facts indicate that HTLV-I-infected cells were present in CSF of these two patients, and suggest that neurological disorders associated with HTLV-I may not be restricted to myelopathy and may include brain abnormalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Seasonal changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive inhibin and testicular activity in male Japanese monkeys.

Seasonal changes in plasma immunoreactive (ir-) inhibin, testosterone, LH, and FSH concentrations were examined in five sexually mature male Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata) housed indoors individually, to explore the reproductive cyclicity in the male. Blood samples were collected monthly throughout one year, and testicular size, semen volume, and number of sperm in the semen were ascertained at the same time in the same animals. Semen samples were obtained by penile electrostimulation. The results showed a clear seasonal increase in all parameters: plasma ir-inhibin, testosterone, testicular size, semen volume, and total number of sperm in the liquid portion of the semen during the autumn and winter months in synchrony with the natural breeding season. In contrast, plasma LH and FSH remained unchanged throughout the year, although plasma FSH tended to increase during the breeding season concomitant with an increase in plasma ir-inhibin. A significant positive correlation between FSH and ir-inhibin was observed in two of five monkeys. The positive correlations between plasma ir-inhibin and testicular activities during both the developing and regressing phases of the testicular cycle indicate that plasma ir-inhibin is a useful indicator of testicular activity as well as an indicator of Sertoli cell function in the Japanese monkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Factors associated with silent multiple lacunar lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic elderly hypertensive patients.

1. Factors associated with advanced cerebrovascular damage incidentally seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were investigated in a population of 34 normotensive and 54 hypertensive asymptomatic elderly individuals (69 +/- 5 years). 2. Four or more 'lacunar' lesions per subject were considered to be advanced changes, based on the distribution in normotensive subjects and were found in 11 (20%) out of 54 hypertensive subjects. 3. Compared with the remaining 43 hypertensive patients with fewer or no lacunae, the proportion of subjects over 70 years of age who had electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was significantly higher in this group of hypertensive patients. Patients with multi-lacunar lesions also showed significantly higher 'office' and average ambulatory, in particular, blood pressure during sleep and less nocturnal blood pressure fall, than those with fewer or no lacunae. Furthermore, they showed a higher predicted whole blood viscosity and a lower high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. The predictive values of LVH on ECG for the presence of multi-lacunar lesions in hypertensive patients were substantially high (70-90%). 4. The data suggest that silent advanced cerebrovascular damages on MRI are not rare among asymptomatic elderly hypertensive patients and are associated with various cerebrovascular risk factors. A useful marker for their identification appears to be ECG-LVH.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Relationship between exercise endurance capacity and cardiovascular risk factors in seventh decade subjects].

Evidence suggests that physical activity is related to lower coronary risk factors in middle-aged subjects, but to date data are lacking for older persons. A total of 32 healthy male subjects in their seventh decade (64 +/- 3 years) were divided into 2 groups based on maximal exercise tests (Bruce protocol). Group I consisted of 14 individuals who showed "excellent" work capacity (exercise duration of greater than or equal to 10 min, 11 +/- 1 min), and Group II 18 individuals with "fair" work capacity (7.5 +/- 1 min). None of them showed ECG evidence of ischemia in these tests. As compared with Group II, Group I showed lower casual and 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure (136 +/- 21 vs 114 +/- 11 mmHg for the average daily systolic pressure respectively), higher apo A-I levels (116 +/- 36 vs 139 +/- 20 mg/dl) and lower apo B/A-I ratios. There was no significant difference in triglycerides, total and HDL cholesterol or apo-B levels between these two groups. Body mass index and smoking habits were similar in Groups I and II. These results suggest that even in older persons, excellent physical fitness is related to lower cardiovascular risk factors.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Computer-aided visuospatial cognitive-performance test].

The validity of a newly developed computer-aided "Visuospatial Cognitive-Performance Test" (VCP-Test) was examined in two populations, 68 normal elderly volunteers (mean age, 69.5% years) and 25 patients with dementia (mean age, 68.2 years). None of the cases in the two groups had either motor impairment or ataxia. The VCP-Test was a kind of vigilance task in which a subject is required to tap the key corresponding to the local change-over of the image on the computer display as quickly as possible. After 40 trials, consecutive data of performance efficiency were automatically displayed on the LCD display and printed out. A significant negative correlation between the VCP-Test and age in normal elderly population was recognized. Moreover, the relationship between the VCP-Test and the Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS), and the Mini-Mental State (MMS) was also significant in patients with dementia. In conclusion, the VCP-Test was considered to be useful for geriatric neurobehavioral functional assessment and for the detection of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Normal and abnormal aging of cardiovascular system].

Studies of normal aging in the cardiovascular system in humans are affected by the study population. Besides intrinsic biological aging, extrinsic factors including overt or latent cardiovascular diseases as well as life style variables such as physical activity, diet, alcohol and smoking may influence the age-related changes of cardiovascular function. We have recruited "normal" elderly subjects from community-dwelling volunteers by extensive health screening procedures including treadmill maximum exercise tests. Some of their cardiovascular functions, such as various cardiovascular regulatory functions, were altered compared to normal young subjects, while others such as resting hemodynamics were not. Interrelationships among various autonomic functions in the elderly were not recognized. Although general effects of life styles on circulatory regulatory functions were not clearly indicated, variables such as sodium intake or body mass index appeared to affect some of the sympathetic nervous functions. Furthermore, hypertension in the elderly had much less impact on cardiovascular functions than is generally expected, based on the results from young or middle-aged subjects. To identify factors which either modify (accelerate) or do not affect the aging of the cardiovascular functions is important not only to achieve a good aging process but also to establish therapeutic goals in elderly subjects.

Aged↗