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Biomedical subjects

K Morgan

Publications and source records attributed to K Morgan.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Hypnotic usage in residential homes for the elderly: a prevalence and longitudinal analysis.

The usage of hypnotic drugs in 23 local authority homes for the elderly was recorded in a one-day point-prevalence survey. Residents were under the care of their own general practitioners. From a total population of 1122 residents, 382 (34.0%) received hypnotics both on the night of the survey, and on the preceding night. The proportion of residents receiving hypnotics within each home varied from 2.3% to 56.5%. No preference was shown for prescribing short half-life hypnotics. The most frequently used hypnotic was nitrazepam, which accounted for 33.2% of total usage. These data were then compared with information similarly recorded from the same local authority homes six months earlier. The pattern and prevalence of drug usage showed little variation between the two surveys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and associations with serum lipoproteins in subjects aged 45 to 64 years. The Speedwell study.

A longitudinal study has been set up to examine the incidence of ischaemic heart disease and its associations with serum lipoproteins including high density lipoprotein cholesterol and its subfractions, certain haemostatic factors, and other "risk' factors. We report here on our pilot study findings. Cross-sectional data were available on 283 men and 68 women aged 45 to 64 representing 85% of the available population randomly selected from the lists of 16 general practitioners. Reproducibility of the measurements of total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was acceptable. The reproducibility of some of the other serum lipid fractions, for example high density lipoprotein cholesterol, was less good, in part because of the small range of the values found for these components. Univariate associations of physical and behavioural characteristics and serum lipoproteins of men and women, with and without ischaemic heart disease, disclosed small and statistically nonsignificant differences except for levels of blood pressure. In particular, there was no significant difference in mean levels of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol between men with ischaemic heart disease (0.91 mmol/l) and men without it (0.94 mmol/l). In examining our data for the determinants of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol using a linear multiple regression model, sex, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride were the major factors, each individually explaining about 7% of the variance of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In addition, alcohol intake and obesity each explained a further 2% of the variance. The experience of the pilot study has led to modifications in the collection of blood samples and the subsequent estimation of lipid fractions.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1982

The genetic structure of Iceland.

Gene frequencies and parent-offspring migration data from nine geographic subdivisions in Iceland are analyzed. Estimated values of FST show high genetic homogeneity. Genetic maps are studied and the results are interpreted in the light of social and historical patterns. Actual road distances between subdivisions provide a slightly better indication of geographic isolation by distance than do straight-line distances. A high correlation between genetic structure predicted by migration data and the structure estimated from gene frequencies is obtained.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Native type II collagen--induced arthritis in the rat: the effect of complement depletion by cobra venom factor.

Antibodies to native bovine type II collagen may be important in initiating arthritis in rats immunized with this antigen. The cross-reactivity of these antibodies with native rat type II collagen was higher in rats that developed arthritis than in those that did not. Depletion of serum C3 levels by cobra venom factor delayed the onset of arthritis until C3 levels were returning to normal; therefore, complement may be involved in initiation of the arthritis, and this arthritis may be an example of an immune complex--mediated disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Inbreeding and the genetic control of nondisjunction.

We have studied the frequency of trisomics in newly formed zygotes and the proportion of trisomics, k, coming from consanguineous marriages by assuming that recessive genes at a single locus or multiple loci are responsible for the induction of nondisjunction. For mitotic nondisjunction, the value of k increases as the magnitude of consanguinity of the parents increases, but the opposite relationship holds for meiotic nondisjunction. Therefore, it is important to distinguish mitotic and meiotic types in the genetic study of nondisjunction. This seems to be one of the simplest tests for detecting the genetic control of nondisjunction.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1981

A morphologic classification and incidence of spontaneous ovarian neoplasms in three strains of mice.

Ovarian tumors were reviewed and classified in 5,404 control inbred BALB/c, C57BL/6, and C3H mice. In descending order of frequency, the most common types in the C3H mice were the tubular mesothelioma (adenoma), thecoma, luteoma, granulosa cell tumor, and cystadenoma. In descending order the most common types in the BALB/c mice were the luteoma, tubular mesothelioma, granulosa cell tumor, thecoma, and cystadenoma. The tubular mesothelioma was the only ovarian tumor of significance in the C57BL/6 mice. Most of the ovarian tumors were rare before 1 year of age, but they increased with age after 1 year.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Native type II collagen-induced arthritis in the rat. I. Incidence and humoral response to collagen.

An acute inflammatory arthritis has been induced in 76% of rats injected intradermally with native bovine type II collagen emulsified in Freund's complete (CFA) or incomplete (ICFA) adjuvant. The arthritis became chronic in 14 out of 31 rats, and ear and tail lesions were noted in some rats. No arthritis was induced by native type I collagen, denatured type II collagen, rabbit IgG, or buffer alone injected intradermally with adjuvant. Using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for serum antibodies we have shown that IgM and IgG levels to native bovine type II collagen were significantly higher in arthritic than nonarthritic rats. Antiglobulin antibody levels were not raised in arthritic rats. Equivalent antibody levels to native type II collgen were obtained whether this antigen was emulsified in ICFA or CFA. However, native type I collagen produced high antibody levels only when emulsified in CFA, indicating a difference in the immunogenicity of these collagens. These studies suggest that native type II collagen possesses arthritogenic properties in the rat and that humoral immunity may play a role in the induction of this arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Genetic variability of HLA in the Dariusleut Hutterites. A comparative genetic analysis of the Hutterities, the Amish, and other selected Caucasian populations.

There are three endogamous subdivisions of the Hutterite population, a North American religious isolate. These individuals live on communal farms, and residence is strictly patrilocal. We report on the distributions of HLA-A and B alleles and haplotypes in 203 married women from one subdivision--the Dariusleut--in Alberta, Canada. We demonstrate that there is significant linkage disequilbrium among a large fraction of the distinct haplotypes in the Dariusleut Hutterite data; there is a restriction in the number of distinct haplotypes present in the Dariusleut; the Hutterites and the Old Order Amish (Lancaster County, Pennsylvania) are the most genetically distant pair of populations in an ensemble of 11 Caucasian populations; and, finally, the Old Order Amish and the Hutterites are approximately as distant from the Indiana Amish as they are from the eight other Caucasian populations, which are tightly clustered in the space of gene frequencies. These results are consistent with the fact that the Amish and the Hutterites are genetic isolates with small numbers of founders. Certain haplotypes show significant linkage disequilibrium in these as well as in other Caucasian samples. Thus, some of the linkage disequilibrium antedates the formation of these Anabaptist sects.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cancer incidence in a religious isolate of Alberta, Canada, 1953-74.

Members of a religious isolate who live in approximately 240 farming colonies in the Canadian prairie provinces and the United States border states were studied. The sect's 6,700 members living in the province of Alberta, Canada, comprise more than 30% of this sect's population of North America. The numbers of their cancer cases ascertained from 1953 to 1974 in Alberta were compared to those expected from Alberta Cancer Registry rates. The overall incidence of registered cases of cancer among the religious isolate's females was significantly less than expected (48 observed, 74.2 expected), and in the males the overall incidence of cancer did not differ from that expected (52 observed, 56.5 expected). Significantly fewer cases of lung cancer than expected were found in males, and significantly fewer cases of carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri were found in females. Finally, significantly higher incidence of stomach cancer was found in the sect's males. Data on a family with two cases of stomach cancer contributed to this observed excess of stomach cancer.

Adolescent↗