Shigellosis-associated encephalopathy.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
K Mulligan
Publications and source records attributed to K Mulligan.
Measurement of de novo hepatic lipogenesis in humans using stable isotopes.
Direct measurement of de novo lipogenesis has not previously been possible in humans. We measured de novo hepatic lipogenesis in normal men by means of stable isotopes and by combining the acetylated-xenobiotic probe technique with mass isotopomer analysis of secreted very low density lipoprotein-fatty acids (VLDL-FA). Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was administered with [13C]acetate during an overnight fast followed by refeeding with intravenous glucose (7-10 mg/kg of weight per min), oral Ensure (7-10 mg of carbohydrate/kg of weight per min), or a high-carbohydrate mixed-meal breakfast (3.5 g of carbohydrate/kg of weight). Respiratory quotients remained less than 1.0. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-determined enrichments in SMX-acetate attained stable plateau values, and hepatic acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dilution rate did not increase with refeeding (approximately 0.024 mmol/kg per min). The fraction of VLDL-palmitate derived from de novo lipogenesis was only 0.91 +/- 0.27% (fasted) and 1.64-1.97% (fed). For stearate, this was 0.37 +/- 0.08% and 0.47-0.64%. Precursor enrichments predicted from isotopomer ratios were close to measured SMX-acetate enrichments, indicating that SMX-acetate samples the true lipogenic acetyl-CoA pool. Stearate synthesis was less than palmitate and the two did not move in parallel. Estimated total VLDL-FA synthesis is less than 500 mg/day. Thus, de novo hepatic lipogenesis is a quantitatively minor pathway, consistent with gas exchange estimates; fatty acid futile cycling (oxidation/resynthesis) is not thermogenically significant; and synthesis rates of different nonessential fatty acids by human liver are not identical in nonoverfed normal men. The contribution and regulation of de novo lipogenesis in other settings can be studied using this technique.
Acetyl Coenzyme A↗
Discrepancies between energy intake and expenditure in physically active women.
Energy intake and expenditure in women runners and non-runners were assessed by weighed food records, evaluation of minute-by-minute activity diaries, and indirect calorimetry. All participants were adapted to their stated activity levels for at least 6 months and maintained a constant body-weight throughout their participation. Calculated daily energy intake equalled calculated expenditure in non-runners (7300 (SD 1536) v. 7476 (SD 872) kJ/d), but calculated energy expenditure in women running about 54 km/week was found to exceed intake by more than 2700 kJ/d (8259 (SD 1466) v. 10963 (SD 1367), P less than 0.01). The runners showed no evidence of compensating for the increased energy expenditure associated with running by engaging in lower-intensity activities during non-running time. Further, runners did not decrease energy expended at various activities. The findings suggest that women adapted to high levels of activity may possess mechanisms to maintain body-weight without significantly increasing energy intake.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Aging or disease? Periodontal changes and treatment considerations in the older dental patient.
The segment of our society over age 65 is growing, and many more of these people are keeping their teeth for a longer period of time. This suggests that there will be additional need for periodontal therapy in the future, but it also implies that disease-related events must be distinguished from age-related changes. Changes in the periodontium with aging are reviewed, and periodontal disease management strategies in the older patient are discussed.
Aged↗
Studies of the relationship between oral health and psychological well-being.
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Aged↗
Predictors of root caries in the elderly.
In an attempt to determine the association between overall health status, medication history, and oral hygiene status and root caries, 24 older persons residing independently in the community and 23 residents of a nursing home were interviewed and received oral examinations, using the Oral Hygiene Index and the Root Caries Index. The mean age of this population was 80 yr, with the nursing home subjects somewhat older than community-dwelling subjects. Only six persons had no root surface caries; three subjects had caries on all tooth surfaces with gingival recession. Mandibular teeth, particularly molars and premolars, showed the greatest attack rate. The best predictors of root caries were number of teeth remaining, calculus, plaque, and the use of medications with xerostomic effects. Medications were most predictive of maxillary root caries. The results point to the need to provide interceptive dental therapeutics for high risk geriatric populations such as those using multiple medications and with a poor history of oral care.
Aged↗
Sarcophagid larval proteins: partial sequence homologies among three cuticle proteins and related structures of drosophilids.
Three structural proteins from the larval cuticle of Sarcophaga bullata have been sequenced at the amino terminus for 30-40 residues. We observed a high degree of homology with related proteins of Drosophila melanogaster, based on the previous findings of M. Snyder, J. Hirsh, and N. Davidson [(1981) Cell 25:165-177]. S. bullata protein SC1 had 65% homology with Drosophila isolate CP1, and SC6 showed 49% homology with CPX and 54% with CP2a. The three sarcophagid polypeptides also resembled each other with respect to mapped products of tryptic cleavage. The sites of posttranslational arylation required for puparium formation, namely histidyl and lysyl residues, were asymmetrically distributed in the sarcophagid samples. In SC1 the bulk of the loci of putative crosslinks lay beyond the 43-residue fragment. In SC6 half the histidines fell within the first 25% of the primary chain.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A convertible perinatal database.
This is a description of the process and outcome in the development of a large perinatal database. The database is relatively unique, as it utilizes a convenient paper format for initial data entry that can easily serve, in the absence of a computer, as a very complete obstetric and neonatal medical record. With the addition of a moderately priced microcomputer, the database is converted into a computerized medical record that provides admission notes for the labor suite and the nursery, and discharge summaries for abortion, non-delivery, delivery, newborn nursery, and intensive care nursery admissions. The development of the paper forms, the choice of data-entry clerks over health-care providers for computer input, the design of the software to ease use and economize on storage requirements, and the use of the database in research projects are described.
Female↗