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Biomedical subjects

K N Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to K N Hansen.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Late hemorrhagic disease in newborn infants. Is the current preventive treatment with oral vitamin K adequate?].

During recent years, we have observed two cases of haemorrhage due to vitamin K deficiency which developed late in the neonatal period. One patient was a female infant aged six weeks with severe intracranial bleeding and the other was a female infant aged three weeks with marked haemorrhage from the umbilicus. Both of these infants were entirely breast-fed and had received vitamin K (1 mg fytomenadion) orally at birth. Both infants had unrecognized alfa-1-antitrypsin deficiency with liver involvement. In other European countries, many cases of late haemorrhagic disease of the newborn due to vitamin K deficiency have been registered in infants who had received oral vitamin K prophylaxis. On the basis of these observations and investigations which suggest that oral vitamin K prophylaxis is not so effective as intramuscular administration, it is suggested that the present oral vitamin K prophylaxis should be altered.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

The potential utility of a rapid CK-MB assay in evaluating emergency department patients with possible myocardial infarction.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a new rapid creatine kinase-MB (R-CK-MB) assay compared with a standard CK-MB (S-CK-MB) assay and to determine its potential use in the evaluation of emergency department patients with possible myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Retrospective patient identification with subsequent testing of excess sera for CK-MB and total CK using an identity-unlinked procedure. SETTING: Large, urban, teaching hospital ED. PARTICIPANTS: All adult patients with excess sera and one of several defined presentations chosen to identify those with possible myocardial ischemia or infarction. Patients with clearly documented noncardiac etiologies of their symptoms or signs were excluded. MAIN RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 271 patient specimens for the R-CK-MB assay compared with the S-CK-MB assay were 100%, 96.8%, 75.0%, and 100%, respectively. The R-CK-MB assay was positive for 32 patients (11.8%). Of these, eight (25.0%) were admitted to unmonitored beds, and five (15.6%) were discharged home. All of these 13 patients had initial ECGs without evidence of ischemia or infarction. On follow-up, at least eight of the 13 had evidence of infarction. CONCLUSION: The R-CK-MB assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity compared with the S-CK-MB assay. When used for patients in whom a cardiac care unit admission is not considered, the rapid assay may identify some patients with unsuspected myocardial infarction and prevent inadvertent discharge or admission to unmonitored beds.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hypoglycemia in the neonatal period. The need for blood sugar control].

In order to evaluate the demand of blood glucose measurements (BG) in the neonatal period, a retrospective study of BG in 177 newborn babies was undertaken. Babies with birth weight less than 2,500 grams, gestational age (GA) less than 37 weeks, and/or a low birth weight in relation til gestational age were included in the study. Accordingly, the babies were grouped as appropriate for GA (AGA), small for gestational age (SGA), or large for GA (LGA). Neonatal hypoglycemia (NH), BG less than or equal to 1.4 mmol/l, was found in 33 babies. In 31 babies, NH occurred before 12 hours of age while six babies had recurrent NH. Correlation was seen between total number of clinical symptoms and NH, which was, as anticipated, commonest among preterm SGA-babies. The risk of subsequent NH in early fed low birth weight newborn seems to be very low, if NH has not appeared within the first 12 hours of life. After this time, serial blood glucose measurements only seem justified, if concomitant perinatal disease is present.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1990

Rapid estimation of serum myoglobin concentration during rhabdomyolysis with a latex-agglutination test (Rapi-Tex).

A latex-agglutination test (Rapi-Tex) was used for semiquantitative estimation of myoglobin concentration in 89 serum samples obtained from ten patients undergoing lower-limb arterial embolectomy. Each serum sample was tested with Rapi-Tex both undiluted and after 1:50 dilution with saline. The myoglobin concentration was additionally measured with enzyme-immunoassay. In the undiluted samples there were five 'false negative' Rapi-Tex results--two in the myoglobin concentration interval 0-300 micrograms and three in the samples with myoglobin exceeding 25,000 micrograms/l--and four 'false positive' results. None of the diluted samples gave rise to false classification. Using 1:50 diluted serum, the negative predictive value of the Rapi-Tex test for identification of a myoglobin concentration greater than 5,000 micrograms/l was 0.99 (95% confidence limits 0.94-1.00), and the positive predictive value was 1.00 (0.61-1.00). Rapi-tex is concluded to be a useful emergency test for severe hypermyoglobinemia.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

The effect of carotid sinus massage is independent of posture in patients with heart disease.

The influence of posture on the effect of carotid sinus massage (CSM) in patients with heart disease has not been systematically evaluated. In the present study CSM was performed in 80 patients (mean age 55 +/- 10 (SD) years) suffering from various cardiovascular diseases. Each subject had unilateral right- and left-sided CSM performed in the supine and in the sitting position, while heart rate and systolic blood pressure were monitored. No statistically significant differences in the CSM-induced response in systolic blood pressure or heart rate were found between the two postures. In the supine position the drop in heart rate was significantly greater after right-sided than after left-sided CSM (P less than 0.05). In only one patient (1%) was a significant carotid sinus reflex evoked. The response was cardioinhibitory with asystole for 3700 ms during right-sided, supine CSM. These results imply that posture does not influence the effect of CSM in patients suffering from heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Sensitivity to tuberculin and sensitins from atypical mycobacteria (M. chelonae subsp. abscessus, M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. scrofulaceum) in 100 Danish school children.

One hundred non-BCG vaccinated Danish school children aged 7.3-14.9 yrs (median 12.8 yrs) were studied with regard to the size of skin induration 72 hrs following intracutaneous injections of 1 unit of tuberculin PPD and 0.1 microgram of four different sensitins produced from M. chelonae subsp. abscessus. M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum. Fifteen children showed at least one significant reaction (i.e. skin induration greater than 6 mm). Of these children, 13 had two or more significant reactions. None of the children showed primary reactions to tuberculin; but the tuberculin reaction in one child was significant, whereas five other children had detectable tuberculin reactions, all being due to cross reactions to atypical mycobacteria. In addition to the atypical mycobacteria, the following frequencies of significant reactions were found: M. chelonae subsp. abscessus (6%), M. avium (11%), M. intracellulare (13%), M. scrofulaceum (12%). The reactions to the 5 skin tests were significantly different (p less than 0.001). However, the skin reactions to M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (i.e. the MAIS complex) were similar, and they correlated significantly (p less than 0.001). On the other hand, the members of the MAIS complex correlated with neither M. tuberculosis nor with M. chelonae subsp. abscessus, and the reactions to these two atypical mycobacteria were significantly different (p less than 0.01). This seems to indicate extensive cross reactions between the members of the MAIS complex. Consequently, cutaneous testing for this complex in epidemiological surveys only requires a skin test with one of the members.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Posture-dependent chronotropic effect of carotid sinus massage.

The hypertensive carotid sinus can be divided into cardioinhibitory (chronotropic) and vasodepressor components; the former can be evaluated by carotid sinus massage performed in the supine position. We present the case of a patient in whom the abnormal cardioinhibitory response could only be demonstrated while in the sitting position.

Carotid Sinus↗
PubMed1985

Red cell 2,3-DPG, ATP, and mean cell volume in highly trained athletes. Effect of long-term submaximal exercise.

20 male elite long distance runners were compared to a control group of blood donors to determine the effect of training on red blood cells. The acute effects of exercise on red cells were investigated in 11 of the runners following a race of 15-30 km. The runners had elevated resting values of red cell 2,3-DPG (P less than 0.05) and mean cell volume (P less than 0.01); blood Hb and ATP were not different from concentrations in the control group. The red cell status of the athletes may be explained by an increased proportion of young erythrocytes in runners. No statistically significant changes in red cell 2,3-DPG, ATP, mean cell volume or blood Hb were found post exercise.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1979

Rapid and sensitive radioimmunoassays for human myoglobin.

A radioimmunoassay for quantitation of serum myoglobin in healthy individuals and patients with different diseases is described. Purified myoglobin was labelled by an 125I-labelled ester (N-succinimidyl 3-(-4 hydroxy, 5-[125I]iodophenyl) propionate), a commercially available antiserum was used, and the antigen-antibody complex was precipitated with polyethylene glycol 6000. The rapid assay can be performed within 1 h at 37 degrees C with a detection limit of 45 micrograms/l. Prolonged incubation at 4 degrees C for 18 or 72 h gives a detection limit of 6 and 2 micrograms/l, respectively. The mean coefficient of variation of the routine assay was 11%. In healthy human subjects a significant difference in mean serum myoglobin concentration was found between 43 women (34 +/- 17 micrograms/l) and 51 mean 47 +/- 15 micrograms/l). In twenty patients admitted to hospital with the clinical diagnosis acute myocardial infarction, the serum myoglobin concentration profiles were in close agreement with the final diagnosis. In three patients with myocardial infarction serum samples were taken every 2 h after the acute episode, and serum myoglobin levels were compared with the levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB.

Adult↗