The interfering effect of serum in the study of lymphocyte interactions in vivo and in vitro.
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Biomedical subjects
K Nouza
Publications and source records attributed to K Nouza.
Dissociation of the proliferative and effector non-H-2 minor histocompatibility-alloimmune responses.
The first-set and second-set allotransplantation reactions against skin grafts and the primary and secondary proliferative graft-versus-host reactions in the popliteal lymph nodes were compared in both directions in a non-H-2 system (mouse strain combinations C57BL/10ScSnPh (further B10) and B10.C3H(40NX) further 40NX) differing at H-1 plus H-?). While 40NX recipients gave stronger reactions against B10 antigens in the allotransplantation reactions, the situation was reversed in the GVHR, B10 cells reacting more strongly against 40NX antigens. The findings of a dissociation between the mechanisms of allotransplantation reaction adn proliferative GVHR suggest that the genetic determination of the target antigens and the reacting lymphocyte populations are more complex at the minor histocompatibility systems than has been expected.
Animals↗
Functional differentiation of mouse T lymphocytes. GVHR-precursors: tissue origin and specificity of activity inducer.
For theoretical and practical reasons, it is important to find out whether the differentiation of T cell precursors to the functional lymphocytes can be induced under in vitro conditions. Using the local GVHR assay (based on the enlargement of the popliteal lymph node), the inducibility of the precursors of reactive cells was studied with bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph node cell suspensions submitted to short-term incubation with cell-free extracts from calf thymus, spleen or brain. GVHR-precursors from bone marrow were inducible not only specifically (i.e., with thymus extract) but also--and even to a higher degree--with spleen or brain extract. Thymus and spleen cell suspensions (the latter also depleted of the reactive subpopulation by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement) were, on the other hand, inducible mainly specifically, whereas lymph node cells were refractory to induction. The inductive action of tissue extracts obviously depends on the tissue origin of T cell precursors; their effects on pre- and postthymic differentiation of T lymphocytes are discussed.
Animals↗
Effect of immunosuppressive agents on the blastogenic response of mouse spleen T and B lymphocytes. I. Culture conditions and the evaluation system.
A microplate culture system has been standardized for blastic transformation of lymphocytes, using various mitogens more or less specific to T lymphocytes (concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutinin, erythrogenic toxin) or B lymphocytes (lipopolysaccharides and their lipids A, pokeweed mitogen). The mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte activation was examined by the use of the nucleolar test determining the state of nucleolar RNA synthesis by morphologic criteria. In this introductory paper to a series of papers analyzing the specificity of action of the various chemical and biological immunosuppressive agents on the blastogenic responses of T and B lymphocytes, optimal concentrations of cells and blastogenic substances and other parameters were tested, and the kinetics of transformation was investigated in detail.
Animals↗
"Nucleolar test" as a system for screening and analysis of immunosuppressive activity of chemical and biological agents.
The numbers and nucleolar activity of lymphocytes were followed in the control and SRBC-stimulated popliteal lymph nodes following administration of known immunosuppressive agents of different classes which were given in doses effective in the Jerne test and graft-versus-host reaction. Immunosuppressive agents had a non-selective effect on different lymphocyte populations (characterized by the activity of nucleolar RNA synthesis) in the control, antigen-untreated lymph nodes, but had a marked inhibitory effect on lymphocytes with compact nucleoli in the antigen-stimulated lymph nodes. This decrease is in good correlation with suppression of the Jerne haemolytic plaques and GVHR. The nucleolar test as a simple technique appears to be adequate for a rapid screening of immunosuppressive activity of the chemical and biological agents.
Animals↗
Time dependence of the effect of splenectomy on graft-versus-host reactivity of lymph node cells.
Changes in cell-mediated reactivity of lymph node cells at various intervals after splenectomy were investigated in three assays measuring the GVH reactivity of parental cells in F1 hybrids --splenomegaly test in very young recipients and popliteal lymph node enlargement assay in adults measuring the proliferative component of the reaction, and mortality assay in sublethally irradiated recipients measuring the killer activity of the cell inoculum. During the early postsplenectomy period the reactivity of the particular amounts of lymph node cells was lower than that of cells from normal donors, but at about 3 weeks after splenectomy it was higher. The increase was of short duration in the proliferation assay and at 5 weeks the reactivity declined markedly below the control values. The increase in activity persisted for 5 weeks after splenectomy in the "killer" assay. It is probable that the described changes in cell-mediated reactivity are involved in the total effect of splenectomy on the host's complex immune response, especially against normal and tumour allografts.
Animals↗
Nucleolar and functional characterization of lymphocytes following cyclophosphamide treatment.
Profound lymphocyte depletion occurs in thymus, lymph nodes and spleens of normal and thymectomized mice early after a single high sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide. Among individual lymphocytes characterized by the different types of nucleolus, the "non-activable" lymphocytes with micronucleoli are affected most markedly by CY, whereas the proportion of the "active" lymphocytes is increased (up to 70% in the spleens). During the period of regeneration lymphocytes with micronucleoli increase rapidly, the increment thereof is very high on day 14 in the spleens of all mice, and still higher in the blood and lymph nodes of thymectomized animals. During the period of lymphocytopenia, in spite of the increased proportion of the "active" lymphocytes, the ability of residual cells of elicit GVH reactions and to incorporate 14C-uridine decreases. In contrast to changes in the early period, the recovery of the "active" lymphocytes and GVH reactivity, which is still incomplete on day 14, depends on the presence of an intact thymus.
Animals↗
Influence of the properties of skin allografts on the "graft survival promoting effect" of antilymphocyte serum.
Changes in the properties of non-H-2 imcompatible skin allografts, resulting from treating the graft donors with whole-body irradiation, antilymphocyte serum, cyclophosphamide, hydrocortisone, amethopterin and azathioprine, affected differently their survival in the recipients pretreated with normal and antilymphocyte serum. While in NS--pretreated recipients the modified grafts showed the tendency for a prolonged survival, in ALS-pretreated recipients they survived for a shorter time than normal allografts. In ALS-pretreated recipients, also allografts from radiation chimaeras, whose blood-forming system was of the recipient's genotype, survived worse than normal allografts and grafts from the donor syngeneic radiation chimaeras. The findings indicate that a normal physiological state of the graft is necessary for the induction and working of the protective components of the allotrasplantation reaction involved in the graft survival promoting effect of ALS. The significance of passenger leucocytes and of the functional properties of the graft, especially of the reparation cellular and extracellular processes is discussed.
Animals↗
Effect of immunosuppressive drugs on an in vito correlate of cell-mediated immunity. The migration inhibition test.
The effect of a number of immunosuppressive drugs on the migration-inhibition test was studied. These drugs could be divided into four categories: (1) drugs influencing both the MIF production and MIF effect on macrophages (amethopterin, azathioprine); (2) drugs influencing MIF production (puromycin, actinomycin D); (3) drugs influencing the effect of MIF on macrophages (hydrocortisone); (4) drugs without any influence.
Animals↗