Biomedical subjects

K Numata

Publications and source records attributed to K Numata.

191 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Hemodynamic changes in hepatic artery after glucose ingestion in healthy subjects and patients with cirrhosis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate hemodynamic changes in the hepatic artery after glucose ingestion. METHODS: We used color Doppler sonography to measure hemodynamic changes in the right hepatic artery and the right portal vein in response to glucose ingestion (225 ml, 300 kcal) in 25 healthy subjects and 25 patients with cirrhosis. RESULTS: In healthy subjects, the peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities in the right hepatic artery decreased (33 +/- 3% and 53 +/- 3%) from baseline velocities measured in the fasting state. The resistance index of the right hepatic artery and the velocity in the right portal vein in these subjects significantly (p < 0.01) increased (14 +/- 2% and 32 +/- 2%) from baseline values after glucose ingestion. Glucose ingestion produced significantly (p < 0.01) smaller changes in cirrhotic patients. The maximum decrease in the peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities in the right hepatic artery were 13 +/- 2% and 25 +/- 3% from baseline velocities, and the maximum increases in the resistance index of the right hepatic artery and the velocity in the right portal vein were 6 +/- 1% and 10 +/- 3% from baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in blood flow velocity in the right hepatic artery after glucose ingestion is presumably a homeostatic mechanism to maintain constant hepatic perfusion. This reciprocal response was reduced in cirrhotic patients.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood multiple sclerosis: MR images and clinical variations in four Japanese cases.

We report four Japanese cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) starting during childhood. In three of them, onset occurred in the prepubertal period. Case 1 showed a rare clinical condition: the patient presented with Devic disease, and 2 years later she was complicated by chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). The other three cases had symptoms of gait disturbance, cerebellar signs, weakness of the extremities and impaired visual acuity. Headache was seen in Case 2 and medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome in Case 4. In Cases 2, 3 and 4, diagnoses were conclusively made by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI, brain stem auditory, visual and somatosensory evoked potentials are extremely useful for evaluating the clinical conditions of children with MS.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Rat peripheral mononuclear cell thymidine kinase activity increases during liver regenerative processes after partial hepatectomy.

Deoxythymidine kinase (TK; EC 2.7.1.21) activity in the liver has been used as a marker of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. In this study we examined TK activity of various organs, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNC) in 70% partially hepatectomized rats. TK activity of lymph nodes, small intestine, heart, lung, kidney and thymus did not increase significantly during the course of the study, except for spleen at 72 h. On the other hand, PMNC-TK and liver cystosolic TK activity increased in a parallel fashion at all times after partial hepatectomy; they began to increase 12 h after surgery and peaked 48 h post-surgery. Fractionation of PMNC into T cells and B cells revealed that both populations increased and peaked 48 h post-surgery. Plasma TK peaked 12-24 h after surgery, then declined at 36, 48 and 72 h after partial hepatectomy. This change paralleled plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). PMNC-TK activity correlated significantly with liver cystosolic TK activity 24 h (r = 0.743; P < 0.05) and 48 h (r = 0.708; P < 0.05) after partial hepatectomy. However, it did not correlate with plasma levels of TK, AST and ALT. The results indicate that in the early stage of liver regeneration PMNC-TK may provide a marker of liver regenerative processes.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of SC-002 and its derivative, SC-004: new oral cephalosporins.

SC-002 is a novel oral cephalosporin possessing a unique thiadiazolylethenyl moiety at the 3 position. In the present study, it was the most active against gram-positive bacteria among oral cephalosporins such as cefdinir (CFDN), cefpodoxime, cefditoren and cefaclor (CCL). It was equal to or 16 times more active than CFDN against standard and clinical strains. In particular, against clinical isolates of Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenzae, SC-002 was 8-64 times more active than CFDN. The antibacterial activity of SC-002 against some beta-lactam-resistant strains was superior to that of CFDN. The in vivo antibacterial activity of SC-004, a pivaloyloxymethyl ester of SC-002, was 1.2-8 times more protective against systemic infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae than that of CFDN. The therapeutic effects of SC-004 on experimental respiratory tract infections caused by S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae were superior to those of CFDN and CCL. SC-004 showed higher and longer-lasting blood levels and higher urinary excretion in pharmacokinetics in mice.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of clarithromycin.

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of clarithromycin (CAM), a new oral macrolide antibiotic, were compared with those of erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM) and rokitamycin (RKM). The antibacterial spectrum and in vitro activities of CAM were similar to those of EM. Therapeutic efficacies of CAM against various experimental infections in mice--including systemic infections caused by gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and subcutaneous abscess due to S. aureus, and bacterial pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae--were superior to those of EM, JM and RKM. CAM exhibited higher serum levels than EM in mice after a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Increased urinary HVA levels in neuroblastoma screens related to diet, not tumor.

At present, urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and/or homovanillic acid (HVA), metabolites of catecholamines, are the most sensitive diagnostic markers of neuroblastoma. They can be measured by the high-performance liquid chromatographic method, which has been used to screen for neuroblastoma in infants in Japan. From 6486 urine samples of 18-month-old children, 103 samples showed high HVA levels over the cutoff point for neuroblastoma, and most of them also showed markedly high levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a metabolite of serotonin. One of the causes of high HVA excretion might be due to the ingestion of banana, common weaning food in early childhood. Our study showed that it is better to restrict banana ingestion within 24 hours before taking a urine sample for diagnosis of neuroblastoma and that 5-HIAA is a good marker of a pseudopositive result due to banana ingestion.

Catecholamines↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparisons of the pharmacokinetics and the leukopenia and thrombocytopenia grade after administration of irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil in combination to rats.

BACKGROUND: Irinotecan (CPT-11) has been used recently for the treatment of several cancers in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Preliminary data on this combination therapy in humans demonstrated no drug interactions between CPT-11 (or its metabolite, SN-38) and 5-FU however, because there is so little information on the combination, the possibility for an interaction still exists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CPT-11 and 5-FU were injected intravenously into rats and the pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 and SN-38 and alternations in blood cell count were investigated. RESULTS: In the group of rats administered 5-FU prior to CPT-11, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of CPT-11 was approximately eight-fold larger compared with the group administered CPT-11 prior to 5-FU. On the other hand, the grade of leukocytopenia or thrombocytopenia was not significantly different among the two groups. CONCLUSION: In rats, the conversion of CPT-11 into SN-38 is possibly delayed by prior administration of 5-FU.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Combination therapy of percutaneous mitoxantrone injection, percutaneous ethanol injection, and transcatheter arterial embolization for intrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma and adrenal metastasis.

We treated a 63-year-old man who had recurrent large hepatocellular carcinomas (> 5 cm in diameter) and left adrenal metastasis with the combination approach of percutaneous intratumoral chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, percutaneous ethanol injection, and transcatheter arterial embolization. He received repeated transcatheter arterial embolization and percutaneous ethanol injection combination therapy for intrahepatic hepatocellular carcinomas, which controlled his disease for 6 months from the first treatment. After that, left adrenal metastasis was detected by biopsy specimen. Therefore, we repeated more transcatheter arterial embolization and percutaneous ethanol injection to the liver and left adrenal gland, but this combination therapy could not control the hepatocellular carcinomas in these organs. With the patient's consent, he was treated with the combination approach of percutaneous intratumoral chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, percutaneous ethanol injection, and transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinomas of the liver and left adrenal gland. After this combination therapy, we followed-up the viable lesions by color Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography examination. However, we could not detect these viable lesions of hepatocellular carcinomas in his body until one month before he died. When the degree of hepatic failure worsened due to the natural course of cirrhosis, this combination therapy was stopped 7 months before he died. He died of pulmonary tumor emboli from metastasis of inferior vena cava 24 months after the combination therapy started. However, on autopsy there was almost no remaining hepatocellular carcinoma found in the main lesions of liver and left adrenal gland. We suggest that a combination approach of percutaneous intratumoral chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, percutaneous ethanol injection, and transcatheter arterial embolization may be indicated in elderly cases of intrahepatic large hepatocellular carcinoma and adrenal metastasis, which are not under control only by transcatheter arterial embolization and percutaneous ethanol injection.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for recurrence of large HCC in patients treated by combined TAE and PEI.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In this report, risk factors of intrahepatic recurrence of a large solitary hepatocellular carcinoma after combination therapy with transcatheter arterial embolization followed by percutaneous ethanol injection were studied. METHODOLOGY: The series included 61 patients with an unresectable large solitary hepatocellular carcinoma, the largest size of which was greater than 3 cm in diameter. All patients completely responded to combination therapy and recurrence rates were determined. The following parameters; age, sex, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibodies, Child's classification, alcohol abuse, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha-fetoprotein, indocyanine green retention rate, hepatocellular carcinoma size, hepatocellular carcinoma capsule, total amount of injected ethanol and the alpha-fetoprotein 1 month after treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-free survival rates of all patients were calculated to be 61%, 23%, and 13%, respectively. Among pretreatment parameters, the log-rank test and subsequent Cox's proportional hazards model showed that a tumor size of more than 5 cm in diameter was independently associated with recurrence. The posttreatment parameters of total amount of injected ethanol was also shown to be significantly related to recurrence by the log-rank test. CONCLUSIONS: Lesions more than 5 cm in diameter and insufficient injected ethanol were associated with intrahepatic recurrence after this combination therapy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A long-term survival case of pancreatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with transcatheter arterial embolization and combination chemotherapy.

A 66-year-old woman complained of supraclavicular lymph node swelling during her initial visit to an outpatient clinic. Computed tomography revealed a hypervascular tumor in the uncus of the pancreas (2.0 x 2.0 cm), therefore a needle biopsy of the pancreas was performed. A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was identified. Transcatheter arterial embolization using adriamycin and gelatin sheet was performed. To alleviate her symptoms (movement disorder of neck, etc.), initial chemotherapy; FP (5-fluorouracil and cisplatin intravenously) was continued for 6 cycles with her consent, and subsequently MF (methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil intravenously) for 14 cycles. This patient survived with transcatheter arterial embolization, FP and MF combination chemotherapies for 24 months after presenting with the symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the longest surviving case of pancreatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (Stage IV). In conclusion, this present case suggests that transcatheter arterial embolization, FP and MF combination therapy may have an effect at prolonging survival in poorly differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cardiac fibroma in an infant: comparison of echocardiographic findings with cardiac rhabdomyoma].

A 2-month-old boy presented with a cardiac tumor diagnosed by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. An open biopsy specimen was diagnosed histologically as cardiac fibroma. The echocardiographic appearance of fibroma was compared with that of rhabdomyoma complicated by tuberous sclerosis. Fibroma is characterized by a partly high echo density area in the tumor suggesting calcification. Echocardiography is useful in the diagnosis of cardiac fibroma.

Calcinosis↗