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Biomedical subjects

K Numazaki

Publications and source records attributed to K Numazaki.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Detection of cytokines and cytomegalovirus DNA in serum as test for congenital infection.

Maternal serum samples at 10 and 22 weeks of gestational age and cord blood samples were available from six cases of asymptomatic congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Meaningful rises of serum IgG-antibody titers by ELISA occurred in three cases. Serum interferon (IFN)-gamma activity was detected in all six cases. Serum cell free soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) activity rose above the normal range (145-519 U/ml) in one IgG and IgM antibody-positive and three IgG antibody-positive woman. Serum levels of sIL-2R and IFN-gamma were not elevated in anti-HCMV antibody-negative healthy pregnant women. No HCMV IE DNA was detected by PCR in the serum of any of the pregnant women. HCMV DNA was detected in the serum of one of six infants with asymptomatic congenital HCMV infection. Assessment of the changes of serum cytokines such as sIL-2R and IFN-gamma in HCMV antibody-positive pregnant women may be useful for the prenatal diagnosis of active HCMV infection during pregnancy.

Cytomegalovirus↗
PubMed1998

[Cytomegalovirus--routes of transmission and their clinical significance].

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital and perinatal infections throughout the world. High prevalence of CMV infection is associated mainly with universal breast feeding practices rather than with crowding or poverty. Perinatal CMV infection usually follows a benign course in immunocompetent individuals, but the virus remains latent or persistent in the host cell thereafter. Understanding the epidemiology of CMV is a key element in the development of strategies for prevention and treatment of infection. Entirely new approaches to prevention and treatment of CMV infections in infants are necessary, including antiviral interventions and the development of a vaccine strategy.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1997

Current aspects of diagnosis and treatment of cytomegalovirus infections in infants.

BACKGROUND: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital and perinatal infections throughout the world. High prevalence of CMV infection is associated mainly with universal breast feeding practices rather than with crowding or poverty. Perinatal CMV infection usually follows a benign course in immunocompetent individuals, but the virus remains latent or persistent in the host cell thereafter. OBJECTIVE: As a clinical diagnosis of CMV infection is generally not easy, rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis of CMV infection is required for appropriate patient management. Numerous anti-CMV compounds including ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir have been reported, most of them are unlikely in a clinical trial for perinatal CMV infection in immunocompetent individuals. Understanding the epidemiology of CMV is a key element in the development of strategies for prevention and treatment of infection. STUDY DESIGN: This review focuses on recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of perinatal CMV infections in infants. CONCLUSIONS: Entirely new approaches to prevention and treatment of CMV infections in infants are necessary, including antiviral interventions and the development of a vaccine strategy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Human cytomegalovirus infection of breast milk.

Human cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of congenital and perinatal infections throughout the world. Primary infection with human cytomegalovirus usually follows a benign course, but the virus remains latent or persistent in the host cell thereafter. Understanding the epidemiology of human cytomegalovirus is a key element in the development of strategies for prevention of infection. Although the actual sites of latency or persistence of human cytomegalovirus infections are still controversial, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and endothelial cells appear to be major sites of infection. Persistent infections caused by human cytomegalovirus could be augmented by a decrease in major histocompatibility complex expression as well as by virus-mediated immune dysfunction. It is possible that specific cellular interactions as well as production of several cytokines are necessary for the reactivation of human cytomegalovirus. Breast-fed infants are susceptible to human cytomegalovirus infection from breast milk. Human cytomegalovirus was isolated more frequently from breast milk at more than 1 month after delivery than from colostrum or early breast milk. Human cytomegalovirus DNA was also not detected in colostrum, but was found in breast milk samples 1 month after delivery. To clarify the role of milk cells and whey in vertical infection by breast feeding, we separated breast milk into milk cells and whey and examined each fraction. Human cytomegalovirus was isolated more frequently from milk whey samples than from cell samples. Human cytomegalovirus particle shedding into whey may be more important in vertical infection by breast milk than cell-to-cell transmission. The supernatant of colostrum did not exert an inhibitory effect on human cytomegalovirus-infected cells. Serum levels of cell free soluble interleukin-2 receptor of mothers with DNA-positive milk at 1 month after delivery were significantly higher than those of mothers with DNA-negative milk. It is likely that levels of factors such as soluble interleukin-2 receptor in serum are related to the reactivation of human cytomegalovirus which occurs locally in the mammary gland of the lactating mother after delivery. This minireview focuses on recent advances in the study of human cytomegalovirus infection of breast milk.

Antiviral Agents↗