[Cervical Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy and maternal and infantile infection].
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Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Biomedical subjects
K Numazaki
Publications and source records attributed to K Numazaki.
Comparison of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis.
An enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay (ELFA) has been evaluated for the detection of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis. Reticulate bodies and elementary bodies from C trachomatis L2/434 strain were used as antigens. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has also been evaluated using the same antigens. Results obtained by ELISA and ELFA for human sera with these two antigens were compared with each other and with the results obtained by a micro-immunofluorescence (micro-IF) test. Serum IgG antibodies against C trachomatis L2 reticulate bodies and elementary bodies were found in 32 (20.0%) and 11 (6.9%), respectively, of 160 serum samples from pregnant women by the micro-IF test (titre greater than or equal to 1/32). All of these 32 pregnant women had IgG antibodies to C trachomatis reticulate bodies (titre greater than or equal to 1/100), whereas 20 (12.5%) had IgG antibodies to elementary bodies in the ELISA. On the other hand, 25 (15.6%) and 19 (11.9%) of them had IgG antibodies to C trachomatis L2 reticulate bodies and elementary bodies, respectively, by the ELFA (titre greater than or equal to 1/500).
Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Detection of IgM antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis by enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay.
A simple, sensitive enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay has been developed to detect IgM antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis. Reticulate bodies and elementary bodies from C trachomatis L2/434 Bu strain were isolated and used as antigens in the assay. Of 113 serum samples obtained from infants with pneumonia, 27 (23.9%) had IgM antibodies to C trachomatis L2 reticulate bodies and nine (8.0%) had IgM antibodies to C trachomatis L2 elementary bodies (titre greater than or equal to 1/500). Specific IgM antibodies were not detected in 20 control serum samples obtained from healthy adults and children. The possible use of enzyme linked fluorescence assay to determine IgM antibodies in the serodiagnosis of C trachomatis infection is discussed.
Adult↗
An application of fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children.
A method for rapid identification of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) from clinical specimens using fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies was evaluated. Attempts to isolate C. trachomatis by McCoy cell cultures were simultaneously performed. C. trachomatis was isolated from 8 of 62 newborns with neonatal conjunctivitis in tissue culture as compared with 12 positives using monoclonal antibodies. C. trachomatis was isolated from 2 of 7 infants with pneumonia in tissue cultures as compared with 3 positives using monoclonal antibodies. In order to identify either elementary bodies (EB) or reticulate bodies (RB) in clinical specimens, EB and RB of C. trachomatis L2/434 strain were isolated, purified and reacted with monoclonal antibodies. Majority of fluorescence observed in the clinical specimens was considered to be EB.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Case of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia associated with respiratory syncytial (RS) virus bronchiolitis].
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Bronchiolitis, Viral↗
[Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in Japanese, determined by microimmunofluorescence using reticulate bodies as single antigen].
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Adolescent↗
Pneumonia due to Chlamydia trachomatis in Japanese infants.
Sera from 109 Japanese infants with pneumonia were tested for antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) L2 strain by an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique. Nasopharyngeal swabs were also collected to isolate C. trachomatis. Clinical specimens were inoculated onto cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells and DEAE-dextran-treated HeLa 229 cells. Of 109 patients, 32 (29%) were positive for IgM antibodies (titer, greater than or equal to 1:16) to C. trachomatis. C. trachomatis was isolated from 21 (66%) of 32 IgM antibody-positive infants as compared with 5 (7%) of 77 IgM antibody-negative infants. Detectable levels of IgM antibody were common in infants during the first four months of life. Clinical characteristics of pneumonia of these IgM antibody-positive patients were also described. This is the first report of serology and clinical characteristics of C. trachomatis pneumonitis from Asian countries including Japan.
Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Development of tolerance to the stimulatory effect of neuroleptic butyrophenones on pituitary-adrenal activity in rats.
The effects of repeated administration of haloperidol (HAL) and clofluperol (CLO) on the responsiveness of pituitary-adrenal system to these drugs were studied in rats. Chronic treatment of animals with a daily i.p. dose of 5 mumol/kg of the drugs resulted in markedly attenuated responses of plasma corticosterone (CS) to challenge of the same dose of the same drug as compared to the acute treatment which caused a large increase in the plasma CS levels. Animals receiving a chronic HAL treatment showed a complete cross-tolerance to the stimulatory effect of CLO and a nearly complete cross-tolerance to that of chlorpromazine. The adrenal cortices of animals tolerant to HAL responded normally to exogenous ACTH. This result indicates that the tolerance to the stimulatory action of the butyrophenones may occur in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis.
Animals↗
Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in Japanese persons determined by microimmunofluorescence using reticulate bodies as single antigen.
The incidence of humoral antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in 1005 Japanese individuals of various ages. Formalin-fixed purified reticulate bodies of C. trachomatis (L2(434) strain) were used as antigens in the microimmunofluorescence test. Of 137 pregnant women, 25 (18.2%) had antibody titers of 1:10 or larger. Of 120 cord blood specimens from newborns, 16 (13.3%) were positive. Among 565 infants and children a progressive, age-related increase in seropositivity was observed except in 6- to 8-year-olds: 9.2% for infants under 1 year old; 20.8 to 25.0% for 1-to 5-year-olds; 11.7 to 17.6% for 6- to 8-year-olds; and 26.1 to 32.3% for 9- to 15-year-olds. Among 183 adults the seropositivity rate was between 20.0 and 26.7%, and a progressive increase in seropositivity was not clearly observed. These data suggest that C. trachomatis infection occurs commonly in Japanese adults and children.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of serological tests for screening of chlamydial eye diseases.
Trachoma is recognized as one of most important origins of blindness in developing countries and inclusion conjunctivitis is associated with STD in developed countries. We evaluated the diagnostic value of serological tests for the screening of eye diseases associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection. We determined serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis from 53 Japanese patients with active inflammatory trachoma (aged more than 60 years) and from 107 adult patients (aged 20 to 50 years) with acute inclusion conjunctivitis by ELISA test kit. We detected serum IgG antibodies from 22 out of 53 (42.5%) patients with trachoma and from 40 out of 107 (37.4%) patients with acute inclusion conjunctivitis. We also detected serum IgM antibodies from 7 out of 53 (13.2%) patients with trachoma and from 35 out of 107 (32.7%) patients with acute inclusion conjunctivitis. The prevalence of serum IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis in patients with acute inclusion conjunctivitis was significantly higher than that in patients with active trachoma (p < 0.05). Serological tests are also thought to be useful for screening of chlamydial eye diseases.
Adult↗
Inhibitory effect of povidone-iodine for the antigen expression of human cytomegalovirus.
Anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) properties of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) were evaluated in vitro. The effect of PVP-I was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence assay on HCMV-infected MRC-5 cells. Percentages of fluorescent cells positive for HCMV immediate early and early antigens in cultures inoculated with AD 169 treated with PVP-I at various concentrations and reaction times were compared with the number of fluorescent cells in the controls inoculated with the virus alone. PVP-I was found to exert some inhibitory effect at a concentration of 0.5% and complete inhibition at a concentration of 7.5% on the infection of MRC-5 cells by HCMV AD 169 strain. Entirely new approaches to the prevention of HCMV infections in infants are necessary. The adequate use of PVP-I as a disinfectant may reduce the transmission of HCMV.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
Analysis of immune cells in a patient with post-transfusion hepatitis caused by human cytomegalovirus.
Cellular immune responses are associated with the pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) hepatitis. We investigated a patient with post-transfusion HCMV hepatitis. A 9 year-old girl was involved in a traffic accident and suffered from traumatic damage to the left kidney and diaphragm and received a pelvic bone fracture. At emergency surgery she was transfused with 1200 ml of fresh whole donor blood. Abnormal liver function was observed in the 10 days after surgery. Titers of serum anti-HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies were elevated at 11, 17 and 25 weeks after operation. We analyzed the surface markers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained 21 weeks after surgery. The CD4/CD8 ratio and the number of CD16 + CD56 decreased. We detected HCMV immediate early (IE) DNA in the fractionated peripheral blood cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, CD2+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes) by polymerase chain reaction. The histology of liver biopsy at 23 weeks after operation showed the findings of acute hepatitis and the absence of HCMV IE antigen. It was considered that the immunosuppressive condition associated with the trauma, operation or transfusion itself induced the reactivation of HCMV or that transfused blood cells infected with HCMV caused reinfection. It was also speculated that HCMV hepatitis was not only due to the direct damage of hepatic cells by HCMV, but also due to the cellular immune responses associated with HCMV infection.
Antigens, CD↗
Subtyping of cytomegalovirus strains obtained from immunocompetent children.
We analyzed 33 clinical isolates of cytomegalovirus (CMV) obtained from immunocompetent Japanese children. DNA was extracted from infected MRC-5 cells and we amplified CMV glycoprotein-B (gB), major IE (MIE), DNA polymerase and glycoprotein-H (gH) genes using PCR. Among the 33 clinical isolates, 24 were identified as gB group 1, one as group 2, 6 as group 3, and 2 as simultaneous infections with group 1 and group 3 strains. Clinical isolates of CMV have also been classified into 18 MIE, 8 DNA polymerase and 15 gH genotype patterns by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RFLP analysis is useful in molecular epidemiological studies of CMV infection in immunocompetent individuals.
Cytomegalovirus↗
Detection of IgM antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Chlamydia psittaci from Japanese infants and children with pneumonia.
Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is now well established as a pathogen of neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis and infantile pneumonia. C. pneumoniae (TWAR) and C. psittaci also cause pneumonia and other respiratory infections. Serum samples from 223 Japanese infants and children with pneumonia were tested for IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci. IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis were measured by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by a microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test. IgM antibodies to C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci were determined by MIF. Of 223 patients, 48 (21.5%) were positive for IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis, 11 (4.9%) were positive for C. pneumoniae and 5 (2.2%) were positive for C. psittaci. From nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 87 infants with pneumonia (0 to 1 year of age), we attempted to isolate C. trachomatis with tissue culture. C. trachomatis was isolated from 23 (26.4%) of 87 infants with pneumonia, and IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis were detected in 17 (19.5%) of them. Our data suggest a role for chlamydial infection in childhood pneumonia beyond infancy with both C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae being contributing pathogens.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of the shell vial pre-CPE method using monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection in the field of pediatrics.
A method of pre-cytopathological effects (CPE) detection in shell vial cultures using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was evaluated for detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pediatric specimens. The diagnostic value of antibody detection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was also evaluated. CMV was isolated from 47 of 1179 specimens tested by the routine tissue culture method. Positive results were obtained in 51 of these 1179 specimens using the pre-CPE method. The pre-CPE shell vial assay was demonstrated to be a rapid and sensitive method of detecting CMV. Detection of the virus by the pre-CPE method was considered much more reliable than by EIA IgM assays for pediatric patients.
Adolescent↗
Infection by human cytomegalovirus and rubella virus of cultured human fetal islets of Langerhans.
Several viruses are implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic beta cell destruction and the onset of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). However, it is still controversial as to whether viral infection can exert direct cytopathic effects on beta cells. We have studied the effect of infection by human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella virus on human fetal pancreatic islets in tissue culture. Although morphological changes were observed in CMV-inoculated islet cells, such infection did not lead to changes in levels of secreted immunoreactive insulin. On the other hand, infection by rubella virus did lead to significantly lower levels of immunoreactive insulin in the absence of demonstrable cytopathic effect. These results indicate that viral infection of human pancreatic islet tissue can occur as demonstrated through tissue culture techniques, and that such infection leads to changes in levels of secreted insulin in some cases but not others.
Cell Transformation, Viral↗
Maturation of human fetal and infantile thymic cells in tissue culture.
Human fetal and infantile thymic epithelial (TE) cells were grown in tissue culture and were phenotypically characterized using monoclonal antibodies reactive against a number of individual components of human thymus. Cultures of infantile TE cells formed confluent monolayers after 14-17 days. This was accompanied by a dramatic increase in numbers of Hassall's corpuscles, septae formation and pseudolobulation. After 3 weeks in culture, the rate of cell growth slowed, and by 4 weeks an accumulation of fat cells was noted. Involution of the cultures occurred after this time. In contrast, cultures of fetal TE cells achieved confluence after only 6-8 days, and increased numbers of Hassall's corpuscles, septae formation and pseudo-lobulation could be observed after only 10 days. Fat cells appeared after 3 weeks in culture and involution occurred soon after. Cells which reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific for keratin and GQ ganglioside were predominant during the early stages of tissue culture. These cells ceased to play as important a role with increased time in culture; in contrast, cells reactive with monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct thymic components increased in number as time in culture progressed.
Aging↗
Effect of cytomegalovirus on lectin-driven mitogenesis of human thymic and peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), when added to cultures of either thymic or peripheral blood lymphocytes, was able to prevent these cells from responding to mitogenic stimulus. This effect was only obtained when live virus was utilized, and is apparently dependent on the ability of such virus to establish abortive infections in the cell cultures. CMV-infected cultures became deficient in terms of ability both to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity as well as to respond to purified, recombinant IL-2 which was added exogenously. Similar results were obtained using either a laboratory strain (AD-169) of CMV or freshly-obtained clinical isolates of this virus which had been grown in tissue culture.
Adult↗