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Biomedical subjects

K Odusote

Publications and source records attributed to K Odusote.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effect of acute uncomplicated malaria on platelet counts.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of uncomplicated malaria on platelet count. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adult Nigerians (residing in the Lagos metropolis) who were diagnosed as having uncomplicated malaria were treated with a standard regime of chloroquine. Platelet counts were obtained before treatment, Day 0, and again on day 14 when parasitaemia had been cleared in the patients. There were 40 (21 males, 19 females) patients enrolled for the study. Their ages ranged from 15 years to 56 years with a mean +/- SEM of 27. 4 +/- 1.8 years. 28 (14 males, 14 females) patients had both day 0 and 14 platelet counts. RESULTS: The malaria parasite counts ranged from 1020 /mm(3) to 72,000 /mm(3) at day 0 with a mean +/-SEM of 15,638.0 +/- 3,727.0/mm(3) and zero on day 14. The mean platelet count on day 0 was 137.0 +/- 58.4x 10(9)/L while the day 14 mean platelet count was 234.0 +/- 96.9 x 10(9)/L. Comparison of mean platelet counts on day 0 with those on day 14 showed a highly statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The degree of malaria parasitaemia was not significantly related to the level of platelet count. Transient thrombocytopenia is very common in uncomplicated malaria in semi -immune adults. The mechanism, aetiology, and clinical relevance of the phenomenon deserve further studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with somatosensory testing in MS suspects.

Two hundred patients suspected of having multiple sclerosis (MS), including 42 with progressive myelopathy and 11 with optic neuritis, were investigated with somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Most had minimal neurological deficit, the mean Kurtzke scale being 2.65. There were 117 patients had two or more MRI lesions suggestive of MS, with a total of 527 lesions identified; 290 (55%) involved the somatosensory pathways, most commonly lying in the mid-periventricular region (thalamo-cortical radiations). There was good correlation between positive and negative MRIs and SEPs. The MRI was abnormal more frequently than the SEP, except in progressive myelopathy when both were abnormal with equal frequency. It is proposed that some cases of myelopathy in MS may be due to periventricular rather than spinal pathology. The morphology of the MRI lesion would favor conduction block not slowing of the SEP as being the prime abnormality. This appeared to be true of leg SEPs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Far-field potentials from peripheral nerve: generated at sites of muscle mass change.

Using a forearm-sternal referential recording montage, three peripheral nerve far-field potentials, P4, P7, and P9, were elicited by median nerve stimulation. The latencies correlated with the distances between the stimulating cathode at the wrist and the proximal forearm, mid-upper arm, and the shoulder, respectively. At these sites, the electrophysical characteristics of the surrounding volume conductor suddenly changes. Altered girth of muscle mass seemed to be a factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Electrophysiologic quantification of distal polyneuropathy in diabetes.

Electrophysiologic studies of the lower limb (reflex, motor, and sensory) were done in 50 diabetics, 30 of whom were age- and sex-matched with controls. The results were analyzed by a 0 to 9 rating--electrophysiologic polyneuropathy (EPN) score. The median EPN scores were 0.5 in controls and 3.5 in diabetics (p less than 0.001). Diabetics with mild or no distal polyneuropathy (DPN) had a median EPN score of 2.4 compared with 4.7 in those with overt DPN (p less than 0.0001). The EPN score correlated positively with known duration of diabetes and showed differences with age and therapy. It provides a single electrophysiologic parameter for evaluating DPN in diabetics.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1980

Central and peripheral conduction times in multiple sclerosis.

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded simultaneously from the cervical spine and scalp in 25 normal subjects and 105 patients with established or suspected multiple sclerosis (MS) using median nerve stimulation. The normal latency of the main peak of the cervical SEP (N14) following median nerve stimulation at the wrist was 13.7 +/- 0.8 msec. The peak latency of the first cortical event of the scalp SEP (N20) was 19.1 +/- 0.9 msec. The difference in these latencies (N20 -- N14) reflects a conduction time between the dorsal column nuclei and cortex. It measured 5.45 +/- 0.7 msec. The conduction times between the wrist and Erb's point and Erb's point and N14 measured 8.6 +/- 0.7 msec and 5.1 +/- 0.6 msec respectively. There was a 68.6% overall incidence of abnormalities of N14, N20 or (N20 -- N14) in the patients. This incidence was over 80% in definite and early probable or latent MS, 68.2% in progressive spinal MS and 40.0% in suspects. SEPs were also simultaneously recorded from the lower thoracic spine (T12) and scalp in a different group of 25 normal subjects using tibial nerve stimulation. The latency of the thoracic SEP (N21) was 21.4 +/- 1.5 msec and that of the first cortical event of the scalp SEP (P40) was 38.6 +/- 2.2 msec. The difference in these latencies (P40 -- N21) which reflects conduction between T12 and the cortex measured 17.2 +/- 1.7 msec. Conduction between the ankle and popliteal fossa was 7.0 +/- 0.65 msec and between the popliteal fossa and N21, it was 14.5 +/- 1.1 msec. All of a small group of MS suspects showed abnormality of P40 or (P40 -- N21).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Seizures following intracranial surgery: incidence in the first post-operative week.

Consecutive craniotomies (118) drawn from major hospitals, and performed for disorders other than epilepsy or acute trauma were reviewed. The final diagnosis included tumor (70), subdural hematoma (13), aneurysm (10), arteriovenous malformation (7), and miscellaneous lesions (18). Eighty-seven (73.7%) patients had not experienced seizures prior to neurosurgery, 11 of these (12.6%) had a seizure within the first week, in six the attack occurred within 24 hours, and of these three had further attacks. In contrast, of the 31 patients (26.3%) that had one or more seizures prior to operation, 11 patients (35.5%) had seizures within the first week. In ten patients seizures occurred within the first 24 hours and of these seven had one or more recurrences later in the week. Anticonvulsant drugs were administered to 72 patients before operation, including all those with a history of seizures, but loading doses were not utilized to ensure therapeutic levels. In patients with predisposing factors to postoperative seizures, anticonvulsant drugs should be administered before or immediately following craniotomy in adequate dosage to rapidly achieve and maintain effective plasma levels. Phenytoin, owing to its minimal sedative effects is the drug of choice. A loading dose of 18 milligrams per kilogram can be safely administered as an admixture to an intravenous infusion of 0.9% saline with careful monitoring of cardiopulmonary function.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

An electrophysiological quantitation of the cubital tunnel syndrome.

Four hundred and ninety-two ulnar nerves were studied in 237 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome and 233 subjects without clinically apparent ulnar neuropathy. Terminal motor and sensory latencies, motor and sensory conduction velocities, sensory action potential amplitudes and dispersons, and needle electromyography were analysed by a 0 to 10 rating--the EMG score. The patients were clinically graded from 1 (least severe) to 4 (most severe). The median EMG scores of these were 0.9/10 (N = 70); 1.6/10 (N = 81); 4.7/10 (N = 46); and 7.1/10 (N = 56), respectively. The median EMG score for the controls was 0.6/10 (N = 239) and 14.7% had asymptomatic ulnar entrapments. This incidence reached 30% in controls who were 60 years or older. In 25 other controls, the above sulcus sensory action potential was analysed. Its mean dispersion was 4.9 +/- 1.0 s-3. This measurement was significantly prolonged in 84.6% of 13 studies in which the EMG score was 0/10. These patients had either sensory symptoms only or an additional mild sensory deficit. Comparison of the EMG score obtained with sequential studies would allow one to objectively evaluate improvement or deterioration of the clinical state, giving a rational means of determining the need for surgery.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Amplitude of the F wave: a potential means of documenting spasticity.

The amplitude of 32 averaged F responses (F32) recorded with surface electrodes was 1 percent of the amplitude of the M wave. The largest F response (Fmax) was 4.5 percent of the M wave. In spasticity, Fmax did not increase in amplitude but became more persistent, resulting in a significant increase of F32. There was a positive correlation between the amplitude of F32 and the M wave, and this relationship was abnormal in 60 percent of the studies of patients with spasticity.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An experimental morphometric study of neutral lipid accumulation in skeletal muscles.

The neutral lipid content of skeletal muscle fibers was determined by computing the lipid accumulation index (LAI) on transverse cryostat sections stained with Oil Red O. The LAI was defined as: (total area of neutral lipid droplets in a fiber) x 100/(total cross-sectional area of a fiber). The biceps, diaphragm, and soleus muscles were studied in 3 groups of guinea pigs: normal animals, animals fasted for 48 hours, and animals subjected to muscle denervation and then fasted for 48 hours. In normal animals, the highest mean LAI was found in the diaphragm (4.93) in comparison with lower values in the biceps (2.25) and soleus (2.09). After fasting, these values were markedly increased; there was also a concomitant increase in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration. Prior denervation further increased the LAI in biceps and soleus but reduced it in the diaphragm. Type 2A fibers tended to show high lipid accumulation when the plasma FFA concentration was high. Type 2B fibers never accumulated much lipid under any circumstances. Type 1 fibers varied in their response in the different muscles.

Animals↗