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Biomedical subjects

K Ohama

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohama.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

An unusual alimentary duplication cyst at the floor of the mouth--a proposal of new criteria for alimentary duplications.

In a 11-month-old boy, a cyst lined with non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by striated muscle bundles with respiratory elements was found at the floor of the mouth. The cyst was excised without complications. As the cyst wall resembles the structure of the upper oesophagus, we think that this may be an alimentary duplication cyst, although it does not satisfy Lister's proposed criteria for alimentary duplications. To our knowledge, intraoral duplication cysts similar to the upper oesophageal tissue have not been reported previously. From the experience of this case, we propose new criteria for alimentary duplications.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1986

Cytogenetic and clinicopathologic studies of partial moles.

Fifty-six partial moles from 55 patients were karyotyped and analyzed clinicopathologically. Forty-seven were triploid and nine diploid. Triploid partial moles were characterized histologically by focal mild-to-moderate trophoblastic hyperplasia with stromal trophoblastic inclusion. Diploid partial moles lacked marked trophoblastic hyperplasia and stromal trophoblastic inclusions. Four of the nine diploid moles were analyzed for chromosome heteromorphisms, enzyme polymorphisms, and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen specificities to determine their origin, and two were found to be normal. In the follow-up study, none of the partial moles developed into invasive mole or choriocarcinoma. These results indicate that most partial moles are triploid but a minority are normal diploid; regardless of the karyotype, however, partial moles do not have a high propensity for malignancy.

Chorionic Villi↗
PubMed1985

Origin of immature teratoma of the ovary.

Six cases of immature teratoma of the ovary were karyotyped and analyzed for chromosomal heteromorphisms, enzyme polymorphisms, and HLA specificities to determine their mechanism of origin. Three cases were chromosomally abnormal, with karyotypes of 48,XX, +14, +21; 47,XX, +20; and 47,XXX, respectively. The tumors with 48,XX, +14, +21 and 47,XX, +20 karyotypes were heterozygous for chromosomal heteromorphisms which were identical to those of their host and therefore originated from a premeiotic cell or failure of meiosis I. Both had a poor prognosis. The 47,XXX tumor and the three cases with normal karyotypes were homozygous for chromosome heteromorphisms and either homozygous or heterozygous for enzyme and HLA markers and therefore originated from a failure of meiosis II or duplication of a mature haploid ovum. All four had an uneventful postoperative course. These observations show that immature teratomas are like cystic teratomas in having at least three separate mechanisms of origin. However, they are unlike cystic teratomas in having a high proportion with chromosome abnormalities and a high rate of malignant transformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Histologic grade and karyotype of immature teratoma of the ovary.

Seven cases of ovarian "pure" immature teratoma were encountered in patients 10 to 38 years of age, six cases being in Stage Ia and one case in Stage IIc. The primary tumors and recurrent growth observed in one case were histologically graded from 0 to 3 according to the criteria of Norris et al. Karyotypes of the tumors and the patients were determined using culture and banding techniques. The only nonsurviving case was in Stage IIc. Four primary tumors belonging to grades 0, 1, and 2 showed a normal 46,XX female karyotype and the patients are alive and healthy. Three grade 3 tumors showed various types of karyotype abnormalities (48,XX,+14,+21; 47,XX,+20; 47,XXX). One patient died, one is alive after experiencing a recurrent tumor, and one has only been followed for 22 months. All seven patients had a normal 46,XX female chromosome constitution. Evidence to date indicates that karyotype of ovarian immature teratoma is either normal female 46,XX or a slight deviation from normal. It is postulated that in ovarian immature teratoma normal 46,XX karyotype is an indicator of favorable prognosis, whereas deviations in karyotype suggest a possibility of poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

XY and XX complete moles: clinical and morphologic correlations.

The results of clinical, morphologic, and histologic analysis of nine XY complete moles (six karyotyped, three Y-chromatin positive) were compared with the results from analysis of 16 XX moles. Five of the nine XY moles were proved to result from dispermy while all the 16 XX moles studied originated from the doubling of a haploid sperm. At follow-up delayed decrease or rebound of urinary (or serum) human chorionic gonadotropin levels was noted in three of eight women with XY moles and in five of 15 women with XX moles. One woman with an XY mole was treated for lung metastasis, but her condition remained stable over a 4-year follow-up period. No appreciable difference was noted in the gross and microscopic findings between the XY and XX moles. On the other hand, differences were noted between younger (12 weeks or less of menstrual age) and older (13 weeks or more) moles. Younger moles had smaller, elliptic or club-shaped villi with numerous secondary villous sprouts, poorly demarcated central cisternae, and frequent mesenchymal capillaries. Older moles had larger, oval or globular villi with sparse villous sprouts, well-developed central cisternae, and less frequent remnants of capillaries. Trophoblastic hyperplasia was more marked in older than in younger moles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Optical-acoustical analogous biofeedback conditioning in the treatment of fecal incontinence in childhood].

This is a report on the treatment of anal incontinence by biofeedback conditioning. Since August 1982 9 children with incontinence (8 rectoanal agenesia, one Morbus Hirschsprung) were treated by simultaneous optical and acoustical analogous biofeedback conditioning. Training of sensitivity and voluntary contractions were performed and controlled electromanometrically. According to the pressure waves electrical alterations were transformed and feedback visually and acoustically. Results of the training of the maximal voluntary contraction are presented and the superiority of this method for the coordination of the anorectal sphincter function is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A case of 21q-syndrome with half normal SOD-1 activity.

A male Japanese infant was found to have a chromosomal aberration of del(21)(qter leads to q22.1-2) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. The cuprozinc enzyme (SOD-1) level was 40-50% of normal, while the cyanide-insensitive manganese enzyme (SOD-2) activity was within the normal range. Determination of SOD activity in blood cells is a valuable method of classification of the syndrome.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1983

[Cytogenetic studies of multiple ovarian dermoid cysts in a single host].

To investigate the pathogenesis of gonadal teratoma, sixteen ovarian dermoid cysts obtained from four patients were examined by using chromosomal Q and R heteromorphisms, HLA antigens and enzyme polymorphisms of phosphoglucomutase-1 and esterase-D. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Karyotypes of 16 tumors were 46,XX. 2) In thirteen tumors, chromosomal heteromorphisms were homozygous for the homologous chromosomes, being heterozygous in the hosts. In 9 of them, all gene markers analyzed were also homozygous, but in the remaining 4 tumors some gene markers showed heterozygous combination. These findings indicate that these 13 tumors arose from a germ cell after the first meiotic division by suppression of the second meiotic division or by fusion of polar body II with the oocyte. 3) In three tumors, chromosomal heteromorphisms showed heterozygous patterns as in the hosts. In 2 of them, some gene markers were homozygous, and in the remaining one tumor the gene markers were all heterozygous. These findings suggest that these three tumors arose from a germ cell before the first meiotic division. It is concluded that multiple ovarian dermoid cysts in a single host originate from different germ cells with diverse mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ring chromosome 6: case report and review.

A ring chromosome 6 was identified in an apparently healthy girl with short stature and microcephaly. Of 100 peripheral lymphocyte metaphases analyzed, chromosome 6 was replaced in 73% by a monocentric ring chromosome, in 10% by a dicentric, in 1% by a tricentric, and 3% by two rings. Thirteen other cells were 45,XX,-6, which may represent 46,XX,r(6)/45,XX,-6 mosaicism. The breakpoints were located on bands p24 or p25 and q26 or q27. Eight other patients with a ring chromosome 6 have been reported. The most characteristic findings in subjects with a ring chromosome 6 are mental retardation and eye and ear abnormalities, none of which were present in our patient.

Body Height↗
PubMed1981

[Genetic studies of hydatidiform mole with 46,XY karyotype (author's transl)].

Complete hydatidiform moles are androgenetic in origin. The majority of them show a 46,XX karyotype, while some are 46,XY. Chromosome analysis of 75 complete moles revealed three (4.0%) to be so. The XY moles, the patients and their husbands were studied for various polymorphic markers, including chromosomal Q-banding heteromorphism, HLA antigen, phosphoglucomutase-1 and esterase D, in order to determine the origin of XY moles. In all of the three XY moles studied, some of the polymorphic markers were not inherited from the patients, but they were exclusively paternal. Thus, these moles were androgenetic in origin. They also showed both homozygous and heterozygous Q-banding patterns in their homozygous chromosome pairs. Therefore, they were of dispermic origin. In conclusion, XY moles are of dispermic origin.

Adult↗