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Biomedical subjects

K Ojala

Publications and source records attributed to K Ojala.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of pleural effusions.

The activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) was determined in serum and pleural fluid of 90 patients with pleural effusions of various aetiology. Tuberculous pleural effusions, empyemas and rheumatoid pleural effusions demonstrated significantly higher activities of ADA than parapneumonic , nonspecific and malignant pleural effusions and effusions in systemic lupus erythematosus and congestive heart failure. In tuberculosis, empyema and rheumatoid arthritis ADA activity was significantly higher in pleural fluid than in serum, indicating a local synthesis of ADA by cells within the pleural cavity in these diseases.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1983

Aetiology and detection of congenital nasal deformities.

A total of 4724 newborns were screened for congenital nasal deformities with two simple tests which were performed by specialized nurses. Altogether 91 (1.9%) pathological cases were found. The parturients' external features and the course of the deliveries showed no differences from those of a control group, nor did the groups differ regarding features of the newborns. On the other hand, in the nasal deformity group, highly significantly (P less than 0.001) more cases of stuffy nose were found already during the first days after birth. In this study, no evidence of birth trauma as the cause of congenital nasal deformities was found. It is proposed that at least the majority of them originated during intrauterine life. The screening method was quite valid: every newborn who failed the screen tests showed some kind of nasal pathology and, on the other hand, those who passed had only minor deviations of the septum.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1983

Late results of tympanoplasty using ossicle or cortical bone.

Hearing results are presented for 164 ears with chronic otitis media which were operated on radically and obliterated with a musculo-periosteal flap (Palva flap), and in which tympanoplasty was performed. The ears were followed-up annually for 5-13 years (mean 6.8 years). Results are compared with the method of ossiculoplasty and with the condition of the stapes superstructure at operation. Ossiculoplasty using autogenous cortical bone columellas resulted in a somewhat greater improvement in the post-operative air-bone gap than ossiculoplasty with auto- or homo-graft ossicles, when compared with the pre-operative gap. Similarly, the post-operative gap improved more in ears with an intact stapes superstructure than in ears in which the stapes superstructure was absent. The use of an autogenous cortical bone columella can be recommended in cases in which the patient's own ossicles are affected by disease and cannot be used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Late post-operative hearing results correlated with the severity of tissue changes in ears with chronic otitis media.

Late hearing results in 627 ears (574 patients) operated on radically for chronic otitis media are presented. Clinically, the ears were followed-up annually for 5-14 years. The results are correlated with the severity of histopathological changes in the tympanic cavity and in the mastoid air-cell system and also with the management of the tympanic mucosa and ossicular chain at operation. The mean post-operative air-bone gap was significantly better in ears with mild histopathological changes than in ears with severe histopathological changes in the middle ear (17.0 db./33.1 db.; p less than 0.001) or mastoid (29.0 db./34.2 db.; p less than 0.01) at operation. The difference in hearing results in favour of the former group was more significant in ears in which the tympanic mucosa had been saved at operation (p less than 0.01/p less than 0.001) than in ears in which the mucosa had been removed (p less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Post-operative roentgenological findings and changes after mastoid obliteration.

This study consisted of the evaluation of the plain X-ray findings of films taken at early follow-up (mean 1.5 months after surgery) and at late follow-up (4-14 years after the early films) of 211 ears which had been operated on radically and obliterated. Residual cells which were detected on the basis of the early films were associated with a more frequent occurrence of post-operative infection and were thus hallmarks of a poorer prognosis. Changes in the bone surrounding the surgical cavity and the radiological quality of the walls of the surgical cavity, the presence of new bone formation in the cavity and other radiological features did not yield useful information about post-operative complications. New bone formation was associated with a smaller amount of post-operative cavitation. Post-operative X-ray examination of the obliterated ear is a prognostically useful examination, but it does not significantly contribute further to the information available by clinical and otomicroscopic examination in regards to the complications of infection and cholesteatoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

External, asymptomatic laryngocele without known predisposing factors in a middle-aged man.

A laryngocele is an air-filled swelling of the upper pouch (the sacculus) of the laryngeal ventricle of Morgagni, which may herniate through the thyro-hyoid membrane to form a mass which is palpable subcutaneously in the neck. The condition is rare, but is found at times in individuals with laryngeal malignancy and in individuals who have been pre-disposed to it by increased internal laryngeal pressure. When the condition is discovered it is always an indication for a thorough examination of the larynx, with follow-up, bearing in mind the possibility of malignancy.

Air↗
PubMed1983

Comparative trial of flunisolide and beclomethasone dipropionate nasal sprays in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

In order to evaluate the effects of flunisolide and beclomethasone dipropionate nasal sprays on seasonal allergic rhinitis, 45 patients were included in an open parallel comparative trial. The study design was open because of the different dosage schedules for the two preparations. Strict criteria were set up for patient selection, and all patients were carefully examined and assessed before and after the 4-week trial period. Throughout the whole treatment each patient kept a detailed daily record. A substantial or complete control of symptoms was achieved in 18 of the 21 patients on flunisolide and in 20 of the 22 on beclomethasone dipropionate. No serious side effects were observed. Thus it can be concluded that both test drugs are effective and well tolerated in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1983

On the rationale of the alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) determination.

The discriminating power of HBD, LD and of the HBD/LD ratio in comparison with LD1/LD2 and LD5/LD4 ratios in acute myocardial infarction and hepatic disease is evaluated. The results demonstrate that there are no clinical reasons for the determination of the HBD when a method using the conditions of the Committee of Enzymes of the Scandinavian Society for Clinical Chemistry (SCE) is used.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Symptoms of carcinoma of the oesophagus.

Cancer of the oesophagus in its early stages is relatively asymptomatic, and the establishment of the diagnosis may be delayed because of the failure of the patient to seek early medical attention, or because the initial examining physician made an incorrect diagnosis. A good knowledge of the symptoms of the disease as well as an active role in diagnostic studies aid the physician in rapidly achieving the diagnosis. The most common symptoms in 162 patients with cancer of the oesophagus were: difficulty in swallowing (96%), loss of weight (42%), vomiting (25%), pain in the upper part of the abdomen (20%) and retrosternal pain (20%). The mean duration of symptoms before first presentation for medical attention was 3.1 months, and the correct diagnosis was generally established four to six weeks after the initial visit at the doctor's office. In 21.6% of cases, the initial visit did not lead to the correct diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Late results of obliterative cholesteatoma surgery.

Radical obliterative cholesteatoma surgery was performed on 463 ears. Post-operative cholesteatomas were found in 22 of 463 of the ears during the follow-up periods that ranged from five to 15 years. Eight of them were of the residual type, and 14 were of the recidive type. A substantial portion of the postoperative cholesteatomas (11 cases) was discovered as late as the sixth to the tenth postoperative years. Four of the postoperative cholesteatomas extended to the antrum or the operation cavity from the tympanic cavity or meatus, but none of them originated in the cavity area. The surgical method that was used was safe. Annual follow-up examinations for at least ten years are recommended after the obliterative radical operation for ears with cholesteatomas.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1982

Late changes in ear canal volumes after mastoid obliteration.

In this study, preoperative and postoperative ear canal volumes of ears subjected to obliterative radical mastoidectomy were assessed. The measurements were performed using sterile saline solution both at the preoperative stage (V0) and at the early (one year, V1) and the late (five to 13 years, V2) postopertive stages. The mean V0 was 0.8 mL (SD, 0.2 mL; V1, 1.0 mL (SD, 0.3 mL); and V2, 1.2 mL (SD, 0.4 mL). The differences were highly significant. Clinically, the widening of the ear canals was mainly slight and appeared evenly in the epitympanic area and in the posterior ear canal wall.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1982

Late changes in hearing results after mastoid obliteration with tympanoplasty.

Hearing results are presented for 627 ears with chronic otitis media that were operated on radically and obliterated (Palva flap) and in which a tympanoplasty was performed. The ears were examined annually for five to 14 years (mean, 8.8 years). The long-term improvement (five to 14 years after the surgery) was the greatest in ears with an intact ossicular chain and in ears with ossicular reconstruction using autograft or homograft ossicles or autogenous cortical bone columellae. As a whole, the early (one year after the operation) improvement in the air-bone gap was 8.0 dB when compared with the preoperative gap and the late deterioration in gap after the first year was 6.0 dB. To detect the late changes in hearing results, the ears operated on must be followed up for a least five to ten years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Correlation of postoperative ear canal volumes with obliteration material and with volume of operation cavity.

In this study the preoperative and early and late postoperative volumes of ear canals of 131 operated chronic ears were measured by filling the ear canals with saline solution. The ears were operated on using the Palva method of obliteration of the operative cavity and reconstruction of the ear canal after removing the posterior, bony canal wall at operation. The average preoperative ear canal volume (V0) was 0.8 ml, the early postoperative volume (V1) was 1.0 ml, and the late postoperative volume (V2) was 1.2 ml. There was significantly more widening of the volume of the ear canals in the ears with a larger (greater than 7 ml) operation cavity as compared to ears with smaller (3-7 ml) operation cavity (p less than 0.05). Widening of the ear canals was smaller in the 12 ears with obliteration of the surgical cavity with musculoperiosteal flap and anorganic bone (Ossar) as compared to the 119 ears obliterated with musculoperiosteal flap only, but the difference was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05).

Bone Transplantation↗