Biomedical subjects

K Okura

Publications and source records attributed to K Okura.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on cefprozil granules].

Cefprozil granule preparation was administered orally to 16 patients (ages ranging 8 months to 9 years and 6 months) with pediatric bacterial infections at daily dose levels between 29.4 and 35.7 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses. The following results were obtained. 1. Sixteen patients including 5 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 3 with lacunar tonsillitis, 2 with pneumonia, 2 with contagious impetigo and 1 with scarlet fever were treated. Clinical effects were excellent in 9 cases and moderate in 7, with an overall efficacy rate of 100%. 2. Organisms suspected as pathogens included 17 strains (10 strains of haemophilus influenzae, 2 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 3 of Streptococcus pyogenes and 2 of Staphylococcus aureus). Bacteriologically, eradication of pathogens were observed for 11 strains, but no changes were obtained for 5 (all Haemophilus), and unknown results were obtained for 1, thus the eradication rate was 68.8%. 3. No side effects were observed. Abnormal laboratory test results included 2 cases of increase in platelets, and 2 of increase in eosinophils, but those were not significant. 4. No refusal of the drug occurred due to its taste or odor.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1992

[Effects of exercise training on restoration of residual myocardial ischemia after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty].

The effects of exercise training on the restoration of hibernating myocardium after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were evaluated. Symptom-limited treadmill exercise with thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission CT (SPECT) was performed at one and 13 weeks after PTCA in 15 patients with training and in 15 control patients without training who had no restenosis on repeat angiography. For quantitative analysis, counts for the regions of interest (ROI) were calculated in the hypoperfused area on the polar map. Percent T1 uptake was determined by dividing counts of the hypoperfused area by counts of a normal reference area on the initial image (%IU) and delayed image (%DU). The difference between %DU and %IU, defined as percent redistribution (%RD), was a parameter of residual ischemia in the hypoperfused area. %DU increased significantly in the trained group (65 +/- 11 to 73 +/- 9.3%, p < 0.01) and in the untrained group (66 +/- 14 to 70 +/- 15%, p < 0.05). %RD decreased significantly in the trained group (6.3 +/- 3.2 to 2.8 +/- 2.3%, p < 0.01); whereas, there was no significant change in the untrained group (6.1 +/- 2.8 to 5.2 +/- 3.8%). These findings suggest that, after successful PTCA, exercise training helps alleviate myocardial ischemia, probably by fostering the promoting effects which restore the hibernating myocardium.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Transferability of meropenem to cerebrospinal fluid in rabbits with meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

The transferability of meropenem (MEPM) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied employing rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The mean serum concentration was 93.1 +/- 13.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after intravenous administration of MEPM at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. The mean concentration in CSF was maximum at 15 minutes after administration at 4.42 +/- 2.24 micrograms/ml. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from these values were as follows: Cmax (CSF/serum) 4.75%, AUC (CSF/serum) 10.4% between 15 and 60 minutes, 13.9% between 15 and 120 minutes and 15.7% between 15 and 180 minutes, T 1/2 for MEPM in CSF: 50.9 minutes, T 1/2 (CSF/serum): 2.19. In comparison to those of imipenem which were obtained in the same way, the transferability of MEPM was similar and in consideration of the antimicrobial potency against the main pathogens of meningitis, it appears worth-while of running clinical trials for this drug.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Studies on meropenem in the field of pediatrics].

The pharmacokinetics and the clinical effectiveness of meropenem (MEPM) were examined in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized as follows. 1. A 4-year-6-month-old girl with suppurative meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae) was treated by intravenous drip infusion of MEPM in a daily dose of 29 mg/kg which was divided into 4 dosages, each dosage being infused over 30 minutes, and the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was determined. Upon completion of infusion on the 2nd day of treatment, the drug concentration was 2.52 micrograms/ml, which corresponded to 3.6% of the drug concentration in the blood. 2. MEPM was used in 10 patients, including 3 with suppurative lymphnoditis, 2 with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and 1 each with pneumonia, suppurative meningitis, suppurative knee arthritis, facial phlegmon and pyelonephritis. The daily doses ranged from 30 to 117.6 mg/kg, divided into 3 to 4 dosages and administered via intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes. Clinical responses were evaluated as very good in 7 patients, good in 2 patients and fair in 1 patient, with an efficacy rate of 90%. 3. Isolated pathogens were 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 strains of Haemopilus influenzae. All of the 6 strains were eradicated, with an eradication rate of 100%. 4. In the safety evaluation, none of the patients was observed to have any side effects. Furthermore, no abnormal variations were found in laboratory test data possibly attributable to administration of MEPM.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1991

[Changes in cardiac output during exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the study of these influences on exercise intolerance].

In order to investigate the relation between exercise intolerance and cardiac output (CO) increase during exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), submaximal treadmill exercise (Sheffield protocol) with simultaneous measurement of CO and oxygen uptake (VO2) by acetylene rebreathing method were performed in twelve patients with HCM who had no demonstrable left ventricular outflow obstruction and fifteen control men. The measurements were made at rest, during exercise and recovery. 1) At rest cardiac index (CI) in patients with HCM was significantly less than in control subjects but the difference was small (HCM: 1.9 +/- 0.35 l/min/m2 vs control: 2.2 +/- 0.38, p less than 0.05), and was almost the same during light exercise (stage 1-3), but clearly increased during middle to submaximal stages (stage 4 and 5) (stage 5: 4.5 +/- 1.25 vs 8.0 +/- 1.30, p less than 0.01). 2) Heart rate was not different in both groups at rest, during exercise and recovery, which was considered to explain that the difference of CI was derived from that of stroke index (SI). 3) The change of VO2 showed the same tendency as that of CI. The difference increased considerably during the middle to submaximal stages (Stage 5: 15.3 +/- 1.42 ml/min/kg vs 25.4 +/- 4.42, p less than 0.01). 4) During recovery, CI and VO2 in patients with HCM indicated a delay of beginning to decrease toward the rest level, compared with control subjects. 5) VO2 was closely related to CI (r = 0.90, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefdinir fine granules in the field of pediatrics].

The Pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness of cefdinir (CFDN, FK482) were examined in pediatric patients. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretions of CFDN after administration of 5% fine granules were investigated on 4 children at a dose level of 6 mg/kg. Average plasma concentrations peaked at 4 hours after administration at 0.99 micrograms/ml with a half-life of 2.12 hours. The first 24-hour urinary recovery rates of CFDN in 3 children averaged 22.0%. 2. CFDN was given to 24 children (11 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 8 with scarlet fever, 1 with urinary tract infection and 1 with enteritis due to Salmonella); 15 were treated with 5% fine granules and 9 with 10% fine granules at daily doses of about 10 mg/kg in 2 to 3 divided portions. Clinical effects were excellent in 16, good in 7 and not evaluable in 1, with an overall efficacy rate of 100%. 3. Identified causative organisms were 12 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 of Haemophilus influenzae, 5 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 of Escherichia coli, and 1 of Salmonella. Bacteriological effects were rated as "eradicated" for 19 strains, "unchanged" for 4 with an eradication rate of 82.6%. 4. No side effects were observed. As for abnormal laboratory test results, a transient decrease of white blood cells was observed in 1 patient. 5. The CFDN fine granule preparations were preferably accepted by the children. 6. The fine granular preparations of CFDN, a new oral antibiotic, were useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatrics.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of flomoxef in neonatal infections].

Serum concentrations, urinary excretion and clinical responses of flomoxef (FMOX) were studied. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Serum concentrations of FMOX were 17.4 micrograms/ml 1-hour after intravenous injection on the average in 5 cases who received approximately 10 mg/kg, 41.8 micrograms/ml in 2 cases given 20 mg/kg, and 69.6 micrograms/ml in 2 cases given 40 mg/kg, indicating that serum concentrations of FMOX changed in a dose-dependent manner in this range. Average serum half-life (T 1/2) in 4 mature babies was 2.48 hours and that in 6 premature babies was 3.17 hours, indicating that elimination rates in premature cases tend to be slower than those in mature cases. Urinary recovery rates averaged 39.2% in the first 6 hours in 5 cases examined. 2. Five newborns or premature babies received FMOX 33.1-80.2 mg/kg (b.i.d. or t.i.d.) via intravenous route for 5 to 8 days. FMOX showed excellent or good clinical effectiveness in the treatment of all patients including 1 case each of sepsis with urinary infection, furunclal otitis, impetigo, uterogenic fetus infection and urinary infection. Bacteriological responses were also studied, and eradication of identified organisms (Escherichia coli 3 strains and Staphylococcus aureus 2 strains) was obtained upon the FMOX treatment, but in 1 strain of S. aureus showed only a decrease. No adverse reactions were observed in any cases, but a slight elevation of eosinophil was noted in 1 patient receiving a dose of 210 mg a day. From the results obtained in these tests, FMOX appears to be very usefull and safe for the treatment of some infectious diseases in neonates.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field].

We conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and clinical application of cefpirome (CPR) in children. 1. A single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CPR was given to a two-month-old boy, and the concentration of the drug in the blood was measured. Fifteen minutes after administration, the concentration was 53.3 micrograms/ml, and it gradually decreased thereafter, reaching a level of 5.18 micrograms/ml after 8 hours with a half-life in the plasma of 2.36 hours. 2. A single intravenous injection of 700 mg (50 mg/kg) of CPR and that of cefotaxime (CTX) were given to a girl with suppurative meningitis (3 years old, 14 kg, causative bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae), and concentrations of the drugs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after 1 hour were measured. On the second day of illness, the concentration of CTX in the plasma was 39.4 micrograms/ml and the concentration of desacetyl-CTX (D-CTX) was 25.2 micrograms/ml, while concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were 6.22 micrograms/ml (15.8%) for CTX and 3.94 micrograms/ml (15.6%) for D-CTX. On the third day of illness, concentration of CPR in the plasma was 59.3 micrograms/ml, while its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was 7.44 micrograms/ml (12.5%). 3. CPR was intravenously administered in daily dosages of 37.7-75.0 mg/kg in 2-3 portions for periods of 4-15 days to 2 patients with septicemia (causative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1 case and Escherichia coli in the other), 1 patient with bronchitis (K. pneumoniae), 9 patients with pneumonia (1 case of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 cases of H. influenzae, 2 cases of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 case of K. pneumoniae + Pseudomonas cepacia, 2 cases of H. influenzae + Branhamella catarrhalis), 2 patients with cellulitis (1 case of S. aureus, 1 case, causative agent unknown), 1 patient with suppurative lymphadenitis (causative agent, unknown), 1 patient with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 patient with renal abscess (causative agent, unknown), and 1 patient with a urinary tract infection (E. coli), for a total of 18 patients, with excellent results in 9 cases and good results in 9 cases, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 4. As an accompanying side-effect, eruption was observed in 1 of the 18 patients, but when administration was discontinued, the symptom gradually receded, and it disappeared by the 4th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: assessments with T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy].

The effects of exercise training on myocardial perfusion during the first 3 months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were assessed by exercise myocardial scintigraphy and fibrinolytic examinations. Symptom-limited treadmill exercise with thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission CT (SPECT) and fibrinolytic examinations (tissue plasminogen activator antigen: tPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen : PAI-1) were performed 2 and 14 weeks after AMI in 13 patients with exercise training and in 12 patients without exercise training. For quantitative analysis, counts of region of interest in the infarct area and normal reference area were calculated on a polar map obtained from myocardial SPECT. Severity of the hypoperfused myocardium was determined as an initial percent uptake (%IU) and a delayed percent uptake (%DU). The difference (%DU-%IU) was defined as a parameter of residual ischemia in the infarct area (%redistribution : %RD). Total treadmill exercise duration according to the Bruce protocol increased significantly in the training group (351 +/- 89 to 431 +/- 118 sec, p < 0.01); whereas, there was no significant change in the non-training group (340 +/- 95 to 356 +/- 123 sec). In the training group the pressure-rate product and %DU increased significantly (225 +/- 55 to 259 +/- 58 mmHg.beats/min x 100, 59 +/- 19 to 65 +/- 20%, p < 0.01, respectively), and %RD decreased significantly (8.8 +/- 6.7 to 4.8 +/- 4.5%, p < 0.01), but there was no significant change in the non-training group (231 +/- 89 to 240 +/- 86 mmHg.beats/min x 100, 56 +/- 17 to 57 +/- 12% and 7.4 +/- 5.5 to 6.2 +/- 6.5%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Coronary Circulation↗

PubMed1991

[Transferability of cefpirome to cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

The transferability of cefpirome (HR810, CPR) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied employing rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The mean serum concentration was 362 +/- 6.63 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after intravenous administration of the drug at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. The mean concentration in CSF was maximum at 60 minutes after administration, and the mean maximum concentration was 14.6 +/- 2.85 micrograms/ml. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from these values were as follows, Cmax (CSF/serum): 4.04%; AUC (CSF/serum): 5.14% between 15 and 60 minutes, 8.12% between 15 and 120 minutes and 10.4% between 15 and 180 minutes; T 1/2 for CPR in CSF: 154 minutes; T 1/2 (CSF/serum): 3.96. In comparison to those of other beta-lactam antibiotics which were obtained in the same way, the transferability of CPR was intermediate, but the peak CSF level was high, and in consideration of the antimicrobial potency against the main pathogens of meningitis, it appears worthwhile of running clinical trials for this drug.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in neonatal infections].

Serum concentration, urinary excretion and clinical application of aztreonam (AZT) were studied as follows: 1. Serum concentrations of AZT 1 hour after intravenous injection were 21.0 micrograms/ml in 1 case administered with approximately 10 mg/kg drug and 44.2 micrograms/ml on the average for 7 cases given approximately 20 mg/kg, indicating that serum concentrations are dose-dependent. Average serum half-life in 3 mature babies was 4.75 hours and that in 4 premature babies was 6.59 hours thus T 1/2 was longer in the latter. T 1/2 of 64 days of age newborn was 3.80 hours. Urinary recovery rates in 2 cases examined were 52.1 and 51.9%. 2. Daily dosages of AZT 39.9-63.3 mg/kg were intravenously administered to 10 newborns and prematures b.i.d. or t.i.d., 5 cases of which received AZT alone and the other 5 received AZT in combination with ampicillin (ABPC). Of the above 10 cases, AZT was given to 8 cases for treatment and to the other 2 cases for prophylaxis. Excluding 2 unascertainable cases, AZT showed good or better effectiveness in all the 6 cases in the treatment group, i.e., sepsis 1, suspected sepsis 1 and urinary tract infection 4 cases. All the identified pathogens (Escherichia coli 2 strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 strain and Enterobacter 2 strains) were eliminated by the treatment. No onset of infection was observed in either of the 2 cases with prophylaxis. One of them was administered with AZT for 52 days consecutively but neither side effect nor abnormal laboratory test value was observed. 3. Side effect was not observed at all. One case each of minor degree of platelet increase and GOT elevation was recorded as an abnormal test value. The elevated GOT value continued to be high even after the completion of the administration and it was presumed to be due to the primary disease, heart failure. 4. As results of the above studies, AZT was considered to be effective and safe for neonatal infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It may be safer to initiate the treatment with AZT and ABPC in combination than with AZT alone before the identification of pathogen and to change the therapy to single administration of either AZT or ABPC when the pathogens are identified. With respect to method of administration, AZT 20 mg/kg 2 or 3 times a day appeared to show expected efficacy for the newborns with in 7 days after birth.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on norfloxacin in the field of pediatrics].

We studied clinical effects of norfloxacin (NFLX, AM-715) tablets. The results we found are summarized as follows: 1. Ten patients with 5 diseases were medicated with 7.0-14.8 mg/kg of the drug 3 times daily for 6-8 days. They consisted of one-each with tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, 4 with Campylobacter enteritis, 3 with other enteritis. Clinical responses to the treatment were excellent in 8, good in 1 and fair in 1, with an efficacy rate of 90%. Bacteriologically, of 9 isolates for which changes in populations were followed, 6 were eradicated and 3 remained unchanged, with an eradication rate of 66.7%. 2. No. adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory test values attributable to the drug were observed. 3. These results suggest that this new quinolone drug may be useful, against bacterial infections in children 6 years and older.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in the field of pediatrics].

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) dry syrup was administered orally to 31 patients with various infections at daily dose levels between 5.4 and 10.9 mg/kg divided into three doses. 1. The subjects were 3 patients with urinary tract infections, 25 with tonsillitis and 1 patient each with bronchitis, pneumonia, and cervical lymphadenitis. Clinical effects were excellent in 16 cases, good in 14, and fair in 1 (tonsillitis), with an overall efficacy rate of 96.8%. 2. Organisms suspected as pathogens were 32 strains (6 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 of Streptococcus pyogenes, 1 of Enterococcus faecalis, 15 of Haemophilus influenzae, 5 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 3 of Escherichia coli). Bacteriologically, eradication of pathogens were observed in 30 strains, decrease in one (H. parainfluenzae), and no change in another (E. faecalis), thus the eradication rate was 93.8%. 3. Side effect was observed in 1 case (slight eruption) but it was possible continue the treatment. Abnormal laboratory test values were observed in 1 case of a slight prolongation of prothrombin time and eosinophilia, but they were not serious. Diarrhea was not observed in any patients. 4. All the medication was done on schedule. No refusal of the drug occurred due to its taste or odor.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in infections of neonates].

Cefmenoxime (CMX) was evaluated for its absorption and excretion as well as for therapeutic effectiveness in neonates and premature infants. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum concentrations of the drug were examined in 3 premature infants 1 to 11 days old upon intravenous administration of about 10 mg/kg body weight (1st group), in 2 premature infants 18 and 32 days old and 1 neonate 17 days old upon intravenous administration of about 20 mg/kg (2nd group), and in 1 neonate 15 days old with meningitis upon intravenous administration of 45.2 mg/kg. Concentrations of CMX at 30 minutes after administration were 43, 29 and 27 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 1st group, 46, 37 and 44 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 2nd group and 208 micrograms/ml in the other neonate, and appeared to be dose-dependent. Concentrations of CMX at 6 hours after administration were 18.2, 6.6 and 8.1 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 1st group, 9.6, 11 and 1.35 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 2nd group and 5.2 micrograms/ml in the other subject. Serum half-lives were, respectively, 4.59, 2.85 and 3.48 hours in the 1st group, 2.52, 2.73 and 1.14 hours in the 2nd group and 1.0 hour in the other subject. Urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours after administration were 45.8, 87.0, 50.2 and more than 100% in 4 cases examined. Two of these cases, in which recovery rates were 45.8 and 50.2%, were premature infants of low birth weight. Spinal fluid concentrations of the drug at 80 to 90 minutes after dosing to 1 neonate with purulent meningitis (causative organism presumed: Escherichia coli) given 48.3 mg/kg tended to decline gradually with the recovery of the disease, 3.8, 1.72 and 1.32 micrograms/ml on the 2nd, 6th and 8th day, respectively. 2. The drug was given to 9 neonates 0 to 24 days old. The therapeutic effectiveness on bacterial infections was evaluated in 7 cases (10 diseases) including 1 disease of purulent meningitis presumably caused by E. coli, 4 of septicemia caused by E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (1, 2 and 1, respectively), 3 of urinary tract infection caused by E. coli, Serratia and Enterococcus faecalis (1 each), 1 of purulent parotitis caused by S. aureus and 1 of pneumonia (causative organism was unknown). Therapeutic efficacies were assessed as "Excellent" in all of meningitis, septicemia and urinary tract infection cases, and "Good" in 1 each of purulent parotitis and pneumonia cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1989

[Cerebrospinal fluid levels of sulbactam/ampicillin in rabbits with staphylococcal meningitis].

Concentrations of sulbactam (SBT) and ampicillin (ABPC) in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following an intravenous administration of SBT/ABPC at a dose of 150 mg/kg (SBT/ABPC = 1:2) were determined in 12 rabbits with staphylococcal meningitis. Drug concentrations were measured 9 times, 6 times each with intervals of 15 minutes and thereafter with intervals of 30 minutes. The results were compared with those of a group of 9 rabbits given 100 mg/kg of ABPC alone. 1. The maximum concentration of SBT in the CSF and the percentages of both the maximum concentration and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of SBT in CSF vs. those in serum of the SBT/ABPC group were higher than those of ABPC and the half-life of SBT in the CSF was also longer than that of ABPC, all with significant difference. When these parameters for SBT of SBT/ABPC groups were compared with those of ABPC of the ABPC group, not much differences existed between the 2 groups except that the CSF half-life of SBT was much longer than that of ABPC. 2. The percentages of both the maximum concentration and AUC of ABPC in CSF vs. those in serum of the SBT/ABPC group were significantly lower than those of ABPC of the ABPC group. The CSF half-life of ABPC of the former group was longer than that of the latter. 3. The above results suggest that when SBT and ABPC are administered simultaneously, the penetration of ABPC into the CSF is inhibited.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1989

[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field].

The usefulness of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in the treatment of pediatric infections was evaluated. 1. Twenty pediatric patients with infection were treated with SBT/ABPC and an intravenous dosage of 27.8-47.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times a day. Clinical efficacies in 18 patients excluding 2 patients of Mycoplasma pneumonia (9 cases of pneumonia, 6 urinary tract infection, 1 tonsillitis, 1 maxillary sinusitis and 1 osteomyelitis) were judged to be excellent in 13 patients and good in 5. There was no case of failure. 2. Bacteriological efficacies against 16 strains (1 Staphylococcus aureus, 3 Enterococcus faecalis, 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 Escherichia coli and 1 Serratia sp.) isolated from 13 of the 18 patients were rated as "eradicated" for 13 strains, "decreased" for 1 and "unchanged" for 2 with an eradication rate of 81.3%. Of 13 strains eradicated, 3 were those with high beta-lactamase productivity. 3. Rash as a side effect developed in 1 patient and eosinophilia and elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 7 patients but none of them were serious. 4. Blood levels of the drug following an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg were determined in 2 pediatric patients. Blood levels of SBT and ABPC at 30 minutes after intravenous administration were 19.0 and 29.2 micrograms/ml in one patient and 21.0 and 31.6 micrograms/ml in another, respectively, and those at 4 hours were 0.48 and 0.62 microgram/ml in one patient and 0.59 and 0.89 microgram/ml in another, respectively. The half-lives of SBT were 0.67 and 0.70 hour and those of ABPC were 0.64 and 0.69 hour in the 2 patients, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

[Transferability of cefodizime to cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

The transferability of cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied employing rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The mean blood concentration was 195 +/- 18.3 micrograms/ml using phosphate buffer solution (PBS) standard and 474 +/- 22.0 micrograms/ml using rabbit serum standard, respectively, at 15 minutes after intravenous administration of the drug at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. The mean concentration in CSF vs. PBS standard was maximum at 60 minutes after administration, and the mean maximum concentration was 8.74 +/- 2.16 micrograms/ml. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from those values were as follows, respectively, for PBS standard and rabbit serum standard; Cmax (CSF/serum): 4.48% and 1.84%. AUC (CSF/serum): 6.15% and 2.02% between 15 and 60 minutes, 10.6% and 3.00% between 15 and 120 minutes and 13.4% and 3.48% between 15 and 180 minutes. T 1/2 for CDZM in CSF: 141 minutes in both cases. T 1/2 (CSF/serum): 3.27 and 2.11. Concentrations in CSF determined using an high performance liquid chromatography method in another rabbits were similar to those determined using the bioassay vs. rabbit serum standard. The bioassayed concentration of this drug (AUC (CSF/serum] vs. PBS standard ranked 9th among 23 other beta-lactam antibiotics tested. That is, the drug distributed favorably as compared to other antibiotics, and it may be worthwhile of running clinical trials on this drug in meningitis when antimicrobial potential against main pathogens of meningitis are considered.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Experimental study on transferability to cerebrospinal fluid of cefodizime in combination with ampicillin].

A study was done on cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM) in combination with ampicillin (ABPC) for its transferability to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Blood and CSF were collected at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after intravenous administration of CDZM at 100 mg/kg to 6 rabbits, ABPC at 100 mg/kg to 4 rabbits and simultaneous administration of both drugs at 100 mg/kg each to 5 rabbits. Drug concentrations were assayed with an high performance liquid chromatography method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The comparison revealed no significant difference in concentrations achieved among different groups. Therefore, the mutual transferability of these drugs to CSF was not considered to interact adversely due to the simultaneous administration of both drugs. Accordingly, CDZM may be a candidate of chemotherapeutics in the therapy of purulent meningitis, and it is worthy of further investigations.

Ampicillin↗