Eucalyptone from Eucalyptus globulus.
A new cariostatic compound named eucalyptone was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. The structure of this compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
K Osawa
Publications and source records attributed to K Osawa.
Antibacterial trichorabdal diterpenes from Rabdosia trichocarpa.
Four antibacterial diterpenes, trichorabdals A, B, C and H were isolated from the leaves of Rabdosia trichocarpa and the relationship between their conformations analysed by spectroscopic and computational methods. Their antibacterial activity is discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC): systematic top-down approach to clinical chemistry.
This paper introduces a systematic approach to organizing the discipline of clinical chemistry. The approach is called a top-down, systems approach because it starts at the top with the most general concepts and works down through less general concepts to the most specific details and techniques. The hypothesis is that the discipline can be organized into hierarchical levels of functional processes and operational approaches to those processes. The functional processes represent what clinical scientists do; the operational approaches represent how they do it. Because functional processes change little, if at all, with time, they are use to develop a stable infrastructure or framework for the discipline. That infrastructure is then used to organize and understand operational approaches that tend to change rapidly with time in response to technological advances. This paper begins with the most general functional processes and then uses selected examples of the more general functions to illustrate lower hierarchical levels of functional processes and operational approaches.
Animals↗
Relationship between cholesterol sulfate and intercellular cohesion of the stratum corneum: demonstration using a push-pull meter and an improved high-performance thin-layer chromatographic separation system of all major stratum corneum lipids.
To investigate the role of cholesterol sulfate (CS) as an intercellular glue or cement in the stratum corneum, we compared the relationship between CS levels and magnitude of the intercellular cohesion of the stratum corneum between the palm and the upper arm. Using a push-pull meter, the palm displayed approximately seven times the magnitude of cohesion of the stratum corneum as the upper arm (n = 11). CS and other stratum corneum lipids were extracted from the palm and the upper arm (n = 22) by a cup method and determined by our improved high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Despite a great difference in the magnitude of cohesion (p less than 0.01), CS levels and ratios of CS to ceramides and CS to cholesterol in the stratum corneum showed no significant differences between the palm and the upper arm. Our results suggest that differences in CS cannot account for the differences in cohesion between palm and upper arm.
Adult↗
Isoflavanones from the heartwood of Swartzia polyphylla and their antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria.
The methanolic extract of Swartzia polyphylla DC. heartwood had antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria, the mutans Streptococci. The chromatographic purification of the extract afforded seven flavonoids. Among them, three known isoflavanones, dihydrobiochanin A, ferreirin and darbergioidin, and one new isoflavanone, 5,2',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavanone (dihydrocajanin) had potent antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria. This effect was not detected on isoflavone derivatives. A comparative antibacterial study of various flavonoids was further performed, and their structure-activity relationship was discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Determination of sennoside A in oriental pharmaceutical decoctions containing Rhei Rhizoma by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography].
A simple method using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography was established for the rapid and precise determination of sennoside A in oriental pharmaceutical decoctions containing Rhei Rhizoma. This method was compared with other two methods, i.e. ion-suppression and phosphate buffer methods. Sennoside A was eluted without interference in this ion-pair method, while the determination of sennoside A was interfered by co-existing components in the other two methods.
Anthraquinones↗
KS-505a, a novel inhibitor of bovine brain Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase from Streptomyces argenteolus.
A novel compound, KS-505a was isolated from the culture broth of a strain identified as Streptomyces argenteolus A-2. The compound inhibited bovine brain Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase with an IC50 value (the concentration causing 50% inhibition) of 0.065 microM. The compound around that concentration had little or no effect on heart calmodulin-dependent and -independent cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterases, and protein kinase C.
3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
The inhibitory effect of plant extracts on the collagenolytic activity and cytotoxicity of human gingival fibroblasts by Porphyromonas gingivalis crude enzyme.
It is well known that plant extracts inhibit some enzymatic activities. The present study examined the inhibitory effects of natural plant extracts against the collagenolytic activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The enzyme was isolated from a culture supernatant of P. gingivalis 381. The aqueous and 50% ethanolic extracts of Ginkgo biloba, Mosla chinensis, Salvia officinalis, Cinnamomum cassia, and a catechin extract of Camellia sinensis exhibited strong inhibitory effects on collagenolytic activity. The activities of these plant extracts were higher than that of tetracycline-HCl. They also inhibited the cytotoxicity of P. gingivalis crude enzyme against human gingival fibroblasts. C. sinensis catechin was the most effective agent in neutralizing the cytotoxicity of P. gingivalis. The aqueous and 50% ethanolic extracts of C. cassia had relatively strong anti-cytotoxic activity. Although the other samples strongly inhibited the collagenolytic activity of P. gingivalis, they were not effectively anti-cytotoxic. The present findings suggest that C. sinensis and C. cassia extracts are effective in reducing the pathogenicity of periodontopathic bacteria.
Catechin↗
[Future of liver surgery].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Forecasting↗
Reduction in microalbuminuria in diabetics by eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester (1.8 g/d) was administered to 16 diabetic patients (5 insulin-dependent and 11 noninsulin-dependent diabetics) for 6 mon. EPA in total plasma fatty acids increased from 4.0 +/- 2.4 mol% (mean +/- SD) to 7.5 +/- 3.1 mol% (p less than 0.001). Albumin excretion, measured with spot urine, was significantly reduced from 65 to 36 mg/g creatinine (geometric means, p less than 0.001). Fasting blood sugar levels, glycohemogloblin, body weight and blood pressure did not change significantly during the study. There were also no significant changes in serum levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Although no overt hemorrhage was observed in the patients, hematocrit was reduced from 42.6 +/- 2.8% to 41.0 +/- 3.9% (p less than 0.02). Ten other similar diabetic patients (4 insulin-dependent and 6 noninsulin-dependent diabetics) were followed as a reference group, not concomitantly, for 6 mon with neither EPA ethyl ester nor placebo. The parameters mentioned above were not changed significantly in this group during 6 mon. EPA administration might retard the appearance of overt diabetic nephropathy.
Aged↗
Calmodulin antagonistic action of KS-504a, a novel metabolite of the fungus Mollisia ventosa.
KS-504a inhibited bovine brain calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CaM-PDE) with an IC50 value of 122 microM. The inhibition was reversed by a high concentration of calmodulin. Calmodulin-independent activities of the enzyme were not affected by the compound at the same concentration ranges. Ca2(+)-dependent interaction of the compounds with calmodulin was shown using hydrophobic fluorescence probes. These data indicated that the compound exerted its effects on CaM-PDE by interacting with calmodulin. KS-504a also inhibited other calmodulin-dependent enzymes at different concentration ranges; myosin light chain kinase was inhibited at the lowest concentrations with an IC50 value of 6.3 microM. The inhibition mechanism was competitive with respect to calmodulin and non-competitive to ATP.
2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
Inhibitory effects of aqueous extract of cacao bean husk on collagenase of Bacteroides gingivalis.
Natural materials containing tannin were examined to determine whether they possessed any inhibitory activity against collagenase obtained from the culture supernatant of Bacteroides gingivalis. The collagenolytic activity was determined with Collagenokit CLN-100 (Collagen Technological Co., Tokyo) using FITC-conjugated collagen type 1. Among the test samples, only an aqueous extract of cacao (Theobroma cacao) bean husk strongly inhibited the bacterial collagenase. This inhibitory potency was at the same level as that of tetracycline-HCl.
Cacao↗
Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their constituents against periodontopathic bacteria.
Plant extracts and their constituents were tested for antibacterial activity against periodontopathic bacteria, including Actinobacillus, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Eikenella and Bacteroides species. The essential oils of two labiatae plants, Mosla chinensis Maxim. and Pogostemon cablin Benth., and five terpenoids, hinokitiol, thymol, carvacrol, patchoulialcohol and pogostone, showed antibacterial activity. The terpenoids were especially effective against Bacteroides species.
Bacteria↗
Prolonged degeneration of muscle spindles in the masseter muscle after treatment of developing mice with the local anesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride.
The effect of lidocaine-HCl on muscle spindles in the masseter muscle of developing mice was investigated. Repeated injections of mice with anesthetic in the short term decreased the diameters of primary endings, intrafusal muscle fibers and outer capsules in the equatorial regions of muscle spindles, and caused a drop in the succinic dehydrogenase activity in intrafusal muscle fibers of the muscle spindles. In addition, the diameters did not recover to the control value even after about 10 weeks following cessation of anesthetic treatment. Thus, the present results suggest that repeated use of lidocaine-HCl in developing animals may cause dysfunction of the skeletal muscles.
Animals↗
[Quantitative analysis of methoxylated flavonoids in iyo (Citrus iyo) peels by high-performance liquid chromatography].
The quantitative analysis of eight kinds of methoxylated flavonoids in Citrus iyo Hort. ex Tanaka (Rutaceae) was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. These compounds could be determined within 50 min on C-18 reversed-phase column. Elution system was carried out with a mixture of 1,4-dioxane-water-acetic acid in ratios of 2:7:1 and 7:2:1 in the form of a gradient from 8:2 to 2:8 for 60 min.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Long-term observations of the masseter muscle following single or repeated injections of lidocaine hydrochloride into developing mice.
Effects of lidocaine-HCl on extrafusal muscle fibers in the masseter muscle of developing mice were studied histologically and morphometrically. In the affected region, many extrafusal muscle fibers were circular and smaller in diameter than unaffected extrafusal muscle fibers, and the SDH activity of the affected fibers was very irregular. In lidocaine-HCl injected groups, the ratios of extrafusal muscle fibers with central nuclei to total extrafusal muscle fibers were higher than those in the saline solution-injected groups. The diameters of extrafusal muscle fibers in the masseter muscle treated with lidocaine-HCl were smaller than those in the saline solution-injected groups. These changes in the muscle with lidocaine-HCl continued for 45 days after a single injection. Five injections of lidocaine-HCl into developing mice caused long-term degeneration of the masseter muscle. Thus, the present study suggests that a local anesthetic agent caused degeneration of immature muscle fibers of the masseter muscle in developing mice and may result in long-term decrease of masticatory capacity. Therefore, lidocaine-HCl may inhibit the synchronized development of masticatory organs in developing animals.
Animals↗
Concentrations of vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D metabolites in plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis.
Plasma levels of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and vitamin D metabolites in patients with decompensated and compensated liver cirrhosis were assayed. Plasma levels of DBP in the decompensated group were significantly lower than those in the compensated group, but both were lower than the normal range. The plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] in the compensated group were within the respective normal ranges, whereas both values in the decompensated group were significantly lower than those in the compensated group. Most of 25-OH-D (higher than 96%) was confirmed to be circulated as a bound form with DBP in the plasma of not only the compensated but also the decompensated group. When vitamin D2 was given to the decompensated group, a significant increase of 1,25(OH)2D levels in the plasma could not be observed while 25-OH-D levels were increased. On the other hand, the administration of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha-OH-D3) to the decompensated group caused a significant increase in the plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D. Therefore, we suggest that the administration of 1 alpha-OH-D3 is useful for the treatment of bone disease induced by liver cirrhosis.
Calcifediol↗
[Statistical analyses of clinical observations made on outpatients visiting the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Meikai University School of Dentistry Hospital, for the past 16 years].
Statistical analyses of clinical observations made on outpatients visiting the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Meikai University School of Dentistry Hospital from June, 1970, to August 1986 were carried out. The total number of new outpatients during this period was 73,708. The results were as follows: 1) The largest number of patients was found in 1978. 2) There was a tendency for the number of new patients to increase in March, June, and August of every year. The smallest number of patients came in December. 3) The greatest number of new patients visiting the hospital was in the 0-9 age category, followed by those in the 20-29 and 30-39 age categories. 4) The greatest chief complaint of patients visiting the hospital was pain, followed by masticatory disturbance and swelling. 5) The number of outpatients coming to the hospital for cosmetic and temporomandibular joint problems has been increasing on a yearly basis over the past 16 years.
Adult↗