Structure of the insular region of the rat neocortex.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K P Fedorova.
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The cytoarchitectonics of brain insular area was studied in albino rat. It was found that this part of neocortex is subdivided into two subareas, each consisting of two fields. The peculiar features of cytoarchitectonics of these subareas and fields are presented. A topographic map is suggested, describing their position on the lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere. Classification of insular area subdivisions, suggested in the present study, is discussed in connection with the data of other authors.
In this article we describe a new method for surgical immobilization of the cat eye in which 3 motor nerves are simultaneously destroyed where they converge in the orbital fissure. The method depends upon inserting a special instrument 'spoon' through the soft palate into the orbital fissure.
Eye movements evoked by local electrical stimulation of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body were analyzed in cats with extirpated visual cortex and in intact cats. The experiments were performed in alert cats. There were no differences between the obtained spatial characteristics of eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation in experimental and intact cats. These results suggest that visual cortical areas are not the main and necessary links in the chain for signal transmission (evoked by electrical stimulation of lateral geniculate body) from subcortical parts of the direct visual pathway to acting links of the oculomotor system. The possible pathways for transmission of information from the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body to structures of the oculomotor system are discussed.
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Peculiarities on axonal distribution and termination of the retinal ganglionar cells within the limits of the thalamic pulvinar nuclei have been studied in 10 cats by means of the radioautography method combined with silver nitrate impregnation (Fink--Heimer technique). The ganglionar cells have projections on two pulvinar nuclei -- the lateral and the inferior. The medial pulvinar nucleus has no similar connections. The retinal projections in the pulvinar nuclear complex are bilateral and nearly symmetrical, the contralateral projections of the pathway somewhat predominate.
In order to clarify connective relations between the optic system and activating formations, the pathways from the retina and the external geniculate body to the hypothalamus were investigated in the cat. Methods of Fink--Heimer and of I. V. Victorov were applied. The retina and the dorsal nucleus of the external geniculate body were stated to have efferent connections with the same nuclei in the anterior hypothalamus. Medial and posterior hypothalamus do not accept such connections. Retino-hypothalamic and geniculate hypothalamic pathways are demonstrated to terminate in the supraoptic and suprachiasmic nuclei. These pathways are bilateral and quantitatively equivalent.
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In experiments on cats trained by the motor alimentary conditioned method to discriminate photic stimuli by intensity, EEG changes were studied when differentiating signals of different biological significance before and after transection of the brachii of the superior colliculi. The normal direct proportional dependence of pronouncedness of brain electrical reactions on the complexity of stimuli analysis was disturbed after transection. The operated animals retained only the capacity for a rough differentiation by brightness, the fine gradation of EEG responses to negative signals of different fineness being lost. The disturbance of interaction between the analysing and activating brain systems after transection of the brachii may be due to both the lack of non-specific ascending tonic influences of the midbrain reticular formation on the cortex, and to the destruction of many pathways for corticofugal control of the activity of the brainstem non-specific apparatus.