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K P Tiev

Publications and source records attributed to K P Tiev.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Human leukocyte antigens and susceptibility to tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of case-control studies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and thoracic tuberculosis (TB) in immunocompetent adults. DESIGN: We searched Medline, Pascal, Pascal Biomed and Francis databases (all years) with the terms 'tuberculosis' and 'HLA'. Case-control studies were included that reported frequencies for the full range of antigens analysed by serological methods in healthy controls and adult patients not treated with glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive drugs, human immunodeficiency virus status negative or not reported, no debilitating chronic disease, and with a diagnosis of thoracic TB based on microbiological or histological criteria. Two authors independently abstracted the data and resolved disagreements by consensus. RESULTS: We summarised 60 HLA antigens reported in at least four of 22 studies totalling 1988 patients and 2897 controls. A lower risk of thoracic TB was found in carriers of B13 (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50-0.81, P < 0.0001), DR3 (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.89, P = 0.002), and DR7 antigens (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.80, P < 0.0001). Carriers of DR8 were at higher risk for thoracic TB (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.21-2.46, P = 0.003). For these antigens, we found no significant heterogeneity between samples or evidence of publication bias. The risk of thoracic TB tended to be higher in carriers of DR2 (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.16-2.41, P = 0.006), but the results were not consistent between studies (P value for heterogeneity < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Susceptibility to TB is modulated by class I and II HLA antigens. However, these results based on the serological determination of antigens require confirmation by DNA-based methods to precisely identify those alleles involved.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2005

T cell repertoire in patients with stable scleroderma.

At onset of systemic sclerosis (SSc), T cells have been found to oligoclonally expand in the skin, presumably in response to auto-antigens, but the T cell repertoire has not been evaluated at a later stage. To determine whether a perpetuating immune response contributes to the pathogenesis of stable SSc, the T cell repertoire was analysed in patients with diffuse (d) or limited (l) SSc, and compared to patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) or healthy volunteers (Ctrl). The T cell repertoire (total, CD4 or CD8 sorted blood T cells) was analysed by qualitative and quantitative immunoscope (14 BV families analysed) in 11 untreated dSSc and 11 untreated lSSc, 10 RP and 11 Ctrl. To better detect in vivo activated cells, repertoire analysis was also performed on sorted CD4 T cells after in vitro culture with IL-2. In parallel, 6 skin biopsies from SSc patients were analysed. After 7-8 years of disease evolution, SSc patients did not show detectable clonal T cell expansions in the skin, even after tentative expansion from the biopsy with IL-2. Total T cell, sorted CD4 and CD8 T cell repertoires from the blood of patients with SSc did not show significant perturbation as compared to patients with RP and Ctrl. After IL-2 culture for 7 days, blood CD4 T cells from the patients did not preferentially expand as compared to RP and Ctrl. These findings suggest that antigen-driven immune responses may play a lesser role in established SSc than at disease onset.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed2004

[The methods for screening pulmonary hypertension related to systemic sclerosis in France. Descriptive survey of the French Research Group on Sclerosis].

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) represents one of the severest complications and is life-threatening for patients suffering from systemic sclerosis (SSc). In France, the modalities for screening and treating PHT related to SSc are not well codified and no consensus has been reached. We conducted a survey among physicians inscribed on the list of the French Research Group on Sclerosis (GRFS - Groupe de Recherche Francais sur la Sclerodermie) to gather information on the status of the management of PHT related to SSc. METHODS: In 2002, we sent a questionnaire to 160 physicians, members of the GRFS, to assess the epidemiology and clinical profile of SSc patients as well as the modalities of screening and management of PHT in these patients. RESULTS: Eighty-eight physicians in 71 centres replied to the questionnaire. Each centre followed-up a mean of 33 SSc patients, with a global distribution of 53% limited and 47% diffused SSc. These physicians saw a mean of 5 new cases of SSc per year. The patients had been referred by town practitioners (53%) or from the hospital (47%). The mean number of SSc patients with PHT was of 5.1 per physician (1.5 new SSc + PHT patients per year). Almost all the centres (65/67) who replied systematically screened for PHT in SSc patients using Doppler echocardiography a mean of every 1.3 years. For the management of the patients exhibiting PHT, the majority (41/63) of centres collaborated with a specialized unit. Around one third of the centres treated these patients with calcium channel inhibitors (82%) and/or prostacyclin (90%). All the patients were followed-up by Doppler echocardiography. The majority of the physicians (72%) were interested in a research protocol on the subject and each could have included 4 patients, i.e., a total of 160. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary hypertension, a severe complication of SSc is screened for by the physicians of the GRFS using echocardiography with a frequency similar to Who guidelines (1.3 versus once/year).

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

[Laryngeal amyloidosis: a rare cause of hoarseness].

INTRODUCTION: The larynx is a rare site of deposition for amyloidosis. Diagnosis may be delayed and evoked in patients with prolonged hoarseness. We have reported two cases of laryngeal amyloidosis. EXEGESIS: One man and one woman suffered from hoarseness during one and three years, respectively. Laryngoscopic examination showed diffuse infiltration of the larynx. Amyloidosis was confirmed by the characteristic Congo-red staining of laryngeal biopsies. The search for other localizations of amyloidosis was negative. No monoclonal plasma cell proliferation was detected. Both patients received endoscopic CO2 laser excision. In one case, chemotherapy was initially associated due to dystrophic plasma cells in bone marrow aspiration and then withdrawn because of clinical failure. With a 6-month follow-up, hoarseness remained stable. CONCLUSION: Laryngeal amyloidosis is an essentially localized disease revealed by hoarseness. Treatment is endoscopic by laser excision. In nearly half of the cases in the literature, it had to be repeated due to localized recurrent lesions. Long-term prognosis of localized laryngeal amyloidosis is better than systemic AL amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed2000

[Quantitative assessment of carotid stenosis: comparison between Doppler ultrasound, spiral computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography and digital angiography].

BACKGROUND: The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial has confirmed the benefit of carotid endarterectomy in comparison to medical treatment in stroke prevention in symptomatic patients having a carotid stenosis of 70% or more. The Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study has concluded that the benefit of surgical treatment remains significant in asymptomatic patients with 60% (or more) stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery, when mortality rate remains inferior to 3%. In these two trials, angiography has been used to quantify the stenosis. Though this test is carrying some neurological and renal risks, replacing the angiography stenosis grading for a non or less invasive test, seems to be permissible. METHODS: In our retroprospective study, the assessments of the carotid stenosis by several non-invasive tests findings were compared to the angiography results. Nineteen carotid arteries of fifteen patients, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, having a carotid stenosis at least 60% or more and being detected by the Doppler ultrasound were explored either by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), spiral computed tomography angiography (SCTA) and angiography. RESULTS: The ultrasonography and angiography findings were well correlated (r=0,88; p<0.002) according to the Spearman test. The assessments of the MRA were better correlated to the angiography than to the SCTA (respectively r=0.91, p<0.0001 and r=0,68, p<0.001). Using both ultrasonography and MRA as a confirmatory test, the rate of injustified carotid endarterectomy was 25%. And this rate rose up to 33% when the ultrasonography was used with the SCTA. It is noteworthy that negative predictive value of ARM was 100%. To reduce the mortality rate, several surgical teams managed the carotid stenosis without angiography. CONCLUSION: MRA could replace angiography, on condition that the rate of unjustified carotid endarterectomy lowers and becomes acceptable. Far reaching complementary studies are necessary to confirm the fiability of those non-invasive tests. In order to raise the benefit to carotid endarterectomy, the research studies should turn to the predictive score determination of a surgical international risk and towards the "High benefit" patients groups after endarterectomy.

Angiography↗
PubMed1999

[Treatment of chronic postinfectious fatigue: randomized double-blind study of two doses of sulbutiamine (400-600 mg/day) versus placebo].

PURPOSE: Chronic fatigue remains a medical mystery and a therapeutic failure. The subgroup of chronic fatigue postinfectious fatigue (CPIF) is an interesting one since it is quite frequent in general practice. METHODS: We studied sulbutiamine (Su), isobutyryl-thiamine disulfide in this context. We included 326 general-practice patients suffering from CPIF: they received randomly either Su, 400 mg daily (n = 106), or Su, 600 mg daily (n = 111), or placebo (n = 109) for 28 days in a double-blind, parallel-group study. 315 patients completed the study. RESULTS: The evaluation of fatigue, by multiple means including mainly MFI, a validated multidimensional fatigue scale, showed overall no significant difference between the groups. On the 7th day, however, women receiving Su, 600 mg had less fatigue (P < 0.01), but the figures were quite diverse and no persistent effect was noted at the 28th day. CONCLUSION: Thus, we showed for the first time that a high level general-practice study of fatigue is feasible using specific tools. Whether the effect observed after 1 week in women represents a true finding needs additional research. Further studies are in progress in order to characterize better the potential usefulness of Su in chronic fatigue.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Cytomegalovirus and arterial disease. Current aspects].

The cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the only microbial agent implicated in three particular types of arterial disease: coronary disease of the transplanted heart, post-angioplasty restenosis and atherosclerosis. The object of this article is to analyse the recent data on the role of CMV in these pathologies with an exhaustive review of the literature. The available data is mainly epidemiological but the interpretation is difficult because of the multiplicity and imperfections of the diagnostic techniques of the infection. However, the results are quite concordant in favour of a real association. Different physiopathological mechanisms are proposed. In coronary disease of the transplanted heart, the lesions could be initiated by an inflammatory process. In post-angioplasty restenosis, the virus seems able to trigger cellular proliferation by inhibiting the mechanisms of apoptosis. Finally, in atherosclerosis, CMV infection seems to promote atherothrombotic processes and accelerate the progression of atherosclerotic plaques by activating inflammatory cells. Direct methods of detection of viral DNA show the presence of the virus within these lesions. There is, therefore, epidemiological, anatomo-pathological and physiopathological evidence in favour of a relationship between CMV infection and these three forms of arterial disease.

Angioplasty↗