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Biomedical subjects

K Pak

Publications and source records attributed to K Pak.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Studies on nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin. 1. Nephrotoxicity in rats receiving cyclosporin].

Cyclosporin (CS) is a potent immunosuppressant that has been used in organ transplantation, but it has a serious nephrotoxic effect. To investigate its effects on renal function and structure, we carried out biochemical and morphological examinations in rats. Male Wistar rats each weighing 250 g were used. Rats were given various dose regimens (100, 50, 25 and 10 mg/kg/day) of CS orally over a 21-day period. All the rats were killed and examined on the 22nd day. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum and urinary creatinine and urinary N-acetyl-s-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured before administration and on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after administration. Kidneys were examined with light and electron microscopes. All rats that had received 100 mg/kg/day CS died within 12 days after a severe loss in body weight. Rats that had received 50 or 25 mg/kg/day CS had lost weight which never returned to the weight before administration. A high CS dose caused a significant elevation of BUN unaccompanied by a corresponding rise in serum creatinine. Reduction of creatinine clearance was not prominent during the experimental course. Although the urinary NAG activity was increased in high dose groups, the elevation was not related to dose. Morphological alterations were confined to the proximal tubuli and they consisted of tubular cell vacuolation and increased number of lysosomes. However, these alterations were mild and not related to the CS dose.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical statistics at the Department of Urology, Kitano Hospital (1968-1986)].

A clinical statistic survey was carried out on the patients, diseases and operations experienced at our department between 1968 and 1986. In 1968, the urological department became independent from the dermato-urological department, and in 1981 the urological ward was established. The 19 years are divided in three periods; first period: 1968-1974 (7 years), second period: 1975-1981 (7 years), and third period: 1982-1986 (5 years). The total number of new outpatients during the 19 years was 50,443. They have gradually but steadily increased and have reached recently about 4,000 per year. The total number of inpatients was 3,422 (male: 2,561, female: 861). The proportion of the elderly patients, especially male, has remarkably increased and that of patients more than 60 years old was 44.9% of all inpatients in the third period. Among the major diseases of the inpatients, tumors has got most remarkable increase of its number and proportion. And among tumors, increases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer were prominent and at the third period the proportion of those three has reached 81.3% of all tumors. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) and transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUUL) were introduced in 1985. Recently endoscopical operations such as transurethral resection (TUR), PNL, TUUL and so forth have become a large part of the urological operations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Metastatic renal tumor from esophageal carcinoma].

A 65-year-old woman, who had undergone total esophagectomy for cancer one year prior to admission, noted asymptomatic gross hematuria. Therefore, she was referred to our department in July, 1983. Physical examination revealed a hard, irregular and nontender mass in the left upper abdomen. Excretory urography revealed a space-occupying lesion in the lower pole of the left kidney. Selective renal angiography revealed a hypovascular mass and encasement of the renal artery. Percutaneous renal artery embolization was performed two weeks prior to nephrectomy. At surgery, the left kidney was adhered to the surrounding tissue and it was hard to dissect. Paraaortic lymph nodes were swollen and a couple of them were biopsied. The histopathological report of the tumor was squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy, but the postoperative course was poor and the patient emaciated gradually. She did ten weeks after operation and autopsy was refused. Metastases of malignant tumor to the kidney are rarely encountered in clinical cases and, to our knowledge, this case seems to be the forth metastatic renal tumor from esophageal cancer in the Japanese literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the penis.

We report a case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the penis, which was treated with local excision and chemotherapy.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous renal subcapsular hematoma in a patient undergoing hemodialysis.

We describe a patient on hemodialysis in whom a spontaneous renal subcapsular hematoma developed. The diagnosis was confirmed by computerized tomography and angiography, and the patient was treated conservatively. We recommend conservative management in such cases based on radiological findings that rule out underlying pathological changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Studies on 5-FU concentration in serum and bladder tumor tissue after oral administration of UFT].

The concentration of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and uracil in blood, the bladder tumor tissue and the bladder mucosa after oral administration of 600 mg per day of UFT for 7 consecutive days was examined in 10 cases of bladder tumors. The concentration of FT and uracil in the tumor tissue did not significantly increase as compared with that in the blood and the bladder mucosa. However, the concentration of 5-FU in the tumor tissue remarkably increased and was 10.7 and 4 times as much as that in the blood and the bladder mucosa, respectively. These results show that administration of UFT meaningfully increases the 5-FU content in bladder tumors and enhances the antitumor activity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Transcatheter embolization in the management of pain from metastatic uroepithelial cancer].

Arterial embolization was performed for the relief of pain in 4 patients with symptomatic osseous metastases associated with extensive soft tissue tumors. Two patients had metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and renal pelvis, and 2 had metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Three of the 4 patients experienced significant relief of pain and improved performance status. Decrease of tumor size or healing of osteolytic metastasis did not occur. Errant embolization occurred in one patient but did not become a serious problem. In 3 patients post-infarction pain occurred, but subsided within 36 hours. This therapeutic approach may be useful to control the pain associated with a massive advanced uroepithelial cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Urinary re-diversion from cutaneous ureterostomy to ileal conduit: report of a case].

A 73-year-old man, who underwent bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy following total cystectomy due to tumor, was admitted because he had been suffering from complications, such as pyelonephritic attacks, plugging and removal of the indwelling catheters and pain around the stoma. In order to relieve these complications, ileal conduit construction was performed although the length of ureters was thought to be short for ureteroileostomy. However, it was done easily by making ileal segment twice as long as usual and this conduit neither disturbed the serum electrolyte levels nor deteriorated renal function. Re-diversion to ileal conduit resulted not only in relief from the complications associated with cutaneous ureterostomy but also in improvement of the quality of life for the patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in leukocyte counts using a cellulose acetate membrane (FB-T) during hemodialysis. A comparison with a cuprophane membrane].

The effect of cellulose acetate as the membrane of dialyzer on changes in white blood cell (WBC), platelet, CH50, C3 and C4 was evaluated in 5 patients with chronic renal failure during hemodialysis. Similarly the effect of cuprophan on these values was also evaluated. Significant changes in WBC (neutrophil and lymphocyte) were observed in all patients with cuprophan, but changes in WBC in those with cellulose acetate were not significant. There were no differences in the platelet count, CH50, C3 and C4 values between the cupro phan and cellulose acetate membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[A case of renal hypertension after pyelolithotomy cured by segmental nephrectomy].

A case of renal hypertension after pyelolithotomy cured by segmental nephrectomy is reported. The patient, a 39-year-old man had had pyelolithotomy performed by the lumbodorsal approach at another hospital. Two months after operation he started to complain of headache and palpitation. The blood pressure was markedly high when he visited our hospital and peripheral plasma renin activity was also elevated. Urinalysis was normal except for slight proteinuria. The excretory urogram demonstrated cortical scarring in the lower portion of the left kidney. The renal scintigram demonstrated low uptake in this area, suggesting renal infarction. Renal arteriogram showed decreased vascularity in this area. Plasma renin activity was measured on the blood drawn from the renal vein of both sides and the ratio was about 2.4, and renin activity of the segmental renal vein from the left lower portion was elevated. Segmental nephrectomy of the lower pole was performed. The blood pressure three weeks after lower pole resection was estimated to be normal and renin activity returned to an almost normal level. Discussion was made on the cause of renal hypertension after renal surgery. In this case, it was suggested that renal hypertension is caused by subinfraction due to lesions of the dorsal renal artery in surgery for renal calculus.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical experience in renal transplantation].

In Shiga Prefecture, 378 chronic renal failure patients were registered at the end of 1981. In 1982, the Kidney Transplantation Group, composed of the department of Urology and the 1st division of Surgery, was organized in our hospital and 10 living related renal transplantations and 8 cadaver renal transplantations were performed between July 1982 and October 1984. As immunosuppressants, azathioprine, mizoribine, cyclosporine, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and ALG were used. Azathioprine was used mainly for living transplantation and cyclosporine mainly for cadaver transplantation. ALG was used only for the initial 3 living transplantations. Mizoribine was sometimes used in combination with azathioprine to reduce the dose of azathioprine and reduce its severe side effects. Seven episodes of acute rejection were experienced and all episodes were remitted by methylprednisolone pulse therapy. There were 20 major post-transplant complications in 13 recipients and among them 2 pulmonary infections were fetal (1 from aspergillus infection and 1 from cytomegalovirus infection). The 10 living related kidney transplantation recipients are all well and none have undergone hemodialysis. Three of the 8 cadaver renal transplantation are well without hemodialysis. One patient could not obtain diuresis. In addition to our experience of renal transplantation, the preoperative scheduled blood transfusion with combination of azathioprine administration, was briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Horseshoe kidney in an infant associated with ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction obstructions].

A 4-month old baby was seen in August, 1982 because of abdominal distension. The findings of the physical examination were normal except for a man's fist sized mass in the left upper abdomen. IVP revealed left nonvisualizing kidney. CT scans revealed a large mass in the left abdomen with low density contents and renal scintigraphy revealed a horseshoe kidney. The tentative diagnosis was horseshoe kidney associated with hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Left pyeloplasty was performed in September 1982 and postoperative X-ray examinations revealed left ureterovesical junction obstruction. Left ureteroneocystostomy was performed in October, 1982 and postoperative course was uneventful. Horseshoe kidney in infants is rare in the Japanese literature and our case is quite unique in that horseshoe kidney is associated with ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction obstruction.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical study of children with sterile vesicoureteral reflux].

A clinical study of 5 children (3 boys and 2 girls) with primary sterile vesicoureteral reflux is presented. Their ages ranged from 8 to 11 years old. During the same period, we saw 14 children (6 boys and 8 girls) with primary infected vesicoureteral reflux. Their ages ranged from 1 to 13 years old. There were several distinctions between these two reflux groups. Manifestations of the infected reflux group were mainly fever attacks, while those of the sterile reflux group were hypertension, proteinuria and enuresis. The duration from onset to diagnosis was longer in the sterile reflux group because their manifestations did not appear to be severe especially in cases of enuresis. The grade of reflux tended to be more advanced in sterile reflux group. The renal scarrings were identified in all involved kidneys in the sterile reflux, while in 65.2% in the infected reflux group. It is difficult to detect sterile reflux early because the manifestations are not related with urinary tract infection. Recently, reflux nephropathy is a subject of frequent discussion and end stage of reflux nephropathy has been sporadically reported. Therefore, an effort should be made for early detection of sterile reflux. Based on our experiences as well as review of the literature, possible clues to detect sterile reflux are abnormal voiding patterns, such as nocturnal enuresis, incontinence, frequency and so on.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Idiopathic calcinosis of scrotum.

A case of idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum is presented. Clinical recognition is easy if one keeps in mind such a disease in differential diagnosis of scrotal lesions. The serum levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium ion, and 25-OH vitamin D were normal. Multiple nodules were removed successfully, and the cosmetic result was excellent.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Familial vesicoureteral reflux].

Primary vesicoureteral reflux was seen in 2 siblings in a family of 5 (1 daughter and 2 sons). Voiding cystogram of elder sister, who complained of fever and backache, showed bilateral reflux at the age of 6. Left reflux disappeared soon but right reflux persisted. Right antireflux operation was performed at the age of 9, but right renal function deteriorated gradually. Right nephrectomy was done at the age of 12 because of persistent pyuria and renal stones. The second case was her younger brother who was sent to us because of proteinuria and hypertension. Excretory urogram showed left small kidney and voiding cystogram showed bilateral reflux with moderately dilated ureter and calyceal blunting. Urinalysis revealed normal findings except for proteinuria and he had no urological symptoms. Renal angiogram and renal vein renin study were unremarkable, so bilateral antireflux operation was done. Findings of urinalysis of his parents and younger brother were normal and cystogram of his brother was normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Electron microscopic study of mineral deposits in idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum.

An excised specimen from a 39-year-old man with idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum was examined by electron microscopy. Mineral deposits were located in the dermis in which collagen fibers were numerous. These collagen fibers appeared mineralized to varying degrees. Mineral crystals frequently were present in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts near large deposits. The mineral portion was identified as a compound consisting of calcium and phosphorus, and the elementary mapping of calcium and phosphorus in the skin tissue was analyzed by an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. No calcification was observed in dartos muscle cells or in mast cells.

Adult↗