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Biomedical subjects

K Pandey

Publications and source records attributed to K Pandey.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Clinical evaluation of diazepam for relief of postoperative pain.

Morphine 10 mg or diazepam 10 mg or a mixture of morphine 5 mg and diazepam 5 mg were given i.m. to three groups of 35 patients for relief of pain in the period immediately after operation. The patients had undergone upper abdominal operation for which a uniform regime of premedication and anaesthesia had been used. Pain was assessed by an observer before and after treatment and by the subjects, using a five-point scoring scheme. The pain scores before treatment and at 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-min intervals after treatment were compared by Ridit analysis. All three treatments produced significant relief, but the relief after diazepam alone was not as long-lasting as after the other two treatments. No clinically significant cardiovascular or respiratory complications occurred. Diazepam alone was associated with significantly more restlessness and morphine alone was associated with significantly more sickness. The combination of morphine and diazepam was considered to be the treatment of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Investigation of glycopyrrolate as a premedicant drug.

The clinical efficacy of glycopyrrolate, a synthetic anticholinergic drug, for premedication was compared in a double-blind study with that of atropine or hyoscine in patients anaesthetized with diethyl ether. The antisialogogue actions of the three drugs were similar. Glycopyrrolate produced less tachycardia, pyrexia and blurred vision than atropine, and its sedative effect was less than that of hyoscine.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Picro-mercuro-formol: a fixative for histochemical studies.

The mixture of saturated solutions of pieric acid and mercuric chloride in the ratio of 9:9 forms a versatile fixative when added with 2 parts of 40% formaldehyde. It works satisfactorily with a number of histochemical reagents and even histological staining methods. The fixative may be applied for various types of tissue.

Endocrine Glands↗
PubMed1977

Electrolytes in surgical patients: the effect of pre-operative starvation and environmental temperature.

Serum sodium, potassium and chloride values were measured before and after pre-operative starvation and after premedication in healthy subjects under going routine surgery, during both temperate and hot weather. No significant change in serum electrolytes occurred during temperate weather either after starvation or after premedication. In hot weather, when the subjects were sweating, a rise in serum electrolytes occurred, indicating fluid deficit of about 1-8 litres after a mean period of starvation of 11 hours; premedication with atropine and diazepam in these subjects was followed by a significant decrease in the serum electrolytes from the previous raised level after pre-operative starvation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effect of diazepam on neuromuscular transmission and its interaction with non-depolarizing muscle relaxants.

Neuromuscular blocking actions of diazepam and its interaction with some myoneural blocking agents were studied in dogs and in humans undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. Diazepam alone had no effect on the response of tibialis anterior muscle to indirect stimulation in dogs. Again, diazepam in a bolus dose of 5 mg did not influence a pre-existing partial block by d-tubocurarine, gallamine or pancuronium. But a significant increase in both the degree and duration of block was observed when diazepam and d-tubocurarine were given simultaneously, suggesting an agonist action in diazepam. On the contrary, simultaneous use of diazepam and gallamine caused a significantly less intense block of tibialis muscle twitch tension as compared to gallamine alone, suggesting an antagonistic action. The degree and duration of block by d-tubocurarine were not affected significantly by simultaneous administration of diazepam in human beings. It is, therefore, concluded that diazepam in clinical doses can be safely used with d-tubocurarine in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Diazepam prophylaxis for lignocaine induced convulsions.

The effectiveness of intraperitoneal phenobarbitone (4 mg/kg), pentobarbitone (6 mg/kg) and diazepam (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg) in preventing lignocaine-induced seizures was studied in rats. Although the barbiturates exerted a marked depressant action on wakefulness and gait of the rats, they were still associated with a very high incidence of convulsions and deaths following 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal lignocaine hydrochloride. Diazepam, however, even in doses (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) which did not produce marked sedation was able to completely prevent convulsions. Mortality was not completely prevented as one animal in each of the groups receiving these doses died without convulsing. Diazepam in the dose of 7.5 mg/kg completely prevented the seizures as well as the mortality but exerted a more profound effect on wakefulness and gait of the animals. The effectiveness of diazepam pretreatment in preventing lignocaine-induced seizures in rats is confirmed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnitude of unresponsiveness to sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar.

BACKGROUND: The Indian government proposes to eliminate kala-azar, which has been a serious public health problem in Bihar. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of unresponsiveness to sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of new cases of visceral leishmaniasis and to identify the associated factors. METHODS: Patients with clinically and parasitologically confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (n = 182) who had received no prior treatment, were enrolled for the study. The patients were treated with sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg body weight; upper limit 850 mg), intramuscularly for 30 days. The vital parameters and side-effects, if any, were monitored. Patients who developed toxicity during treatment were excluded from the study but were given rescue treatment with liposomal amphotericin B. All patients who completed the treatment were followed up for 6 months. RESULTS: Unresponsiveness to sodium stibogluconate at the end of treatment was 43%. It was higher in women (48%) compared to men (40%). A significant association was observed between unresponsiveness and level of endemicity (p = 0.0002), large spleen size (p = 0.04) and immune response (migration inhibition factor) (p = 0.00002). At the end of 6 months' follow up, 27% of patients relapsed, giving a total unresponsiveness rate of 58%. CONCLUSION: Unresponsiveness to sodium stibogluconate is a serious problem in the management of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. In patients with factors associated with nonresponse to sodium stibogluconate, alternative drugs such as miltefosine or amphotericin B should be considered as first-line drugs.

Amphotericin B↗