[Knowledge about effectiveness of general screening for prostatic cancer is limited].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
K Pedersen
Publications and source records attributed to K Pedersen.
Efficient replication and expression of murine leukemia virus with major deletions in the enhancer region of U3.
The effect of deletions within the enhancer region in the U3 part of the LTR derived from the murine retrovirus Akv was studied. The deletions were stably transmitted through normal virus replication as shown by sequence analysis of cloned polymerase chain reaction product of the cDNA copy of the viral RNA. Genetic tagging of the retrovirus with lacO facilitated the analysis. Among the individual mutated LTRs an over 100-fold difference in a transient expression assay was previously detected. This difference was not revealed in studies of viral replication in cell culture, where the expression level of virus with the deleted LTRs all reached the level of virus with the intact LTR. We propose that stimulatory cis-acting sequences either adjacent to the site of proviral integration or in the coding regions of the provirus may compensate for deletions in the LTR.
3T3 Cells↗
Modulation of cholecystokinin (CCK) gene-expression in a human neuroblastoma cell line: effects of serum on enhanced CCK and c-fos mRNA expression.
The effect of fetal-calf serum (FCS) and Forskolin (FKN) on cholecystokinin (CCK) and proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA expression in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC, cultured in serum free medium was studied by Northern blot analysis and nuclear run-off transcription analysis. Addition of FCS or FKN gradually increased the basal CCK mRNA level approximately four to six-fold after 2-4 h. In contrast, a strong and transient increase of the c-fos mRNA-level was observed, approximately forty to fifty-fold after 50-60 min over unstimulated cells. Nuclear run-off transcription analysis indicates that c-fos mRNA is constitutively expressed and transcription may be further stimulated by FCS and FKN. Moreover, in SK-N-MC nuclei, transcription of the c-fos gene clearly precedes stimulated CCK-mRNA expression. This suggests that FOS, which is known to form a AP-1 heterodimer transcription complex with the proto-oncogen product, Jun, may bind to the tentative AP-1 binding site, found within the human CCK promoter and thereby modulates basal and enhanced CCK-mRNA expression in SK-N-MC cells.
Base Sequence↗
Transfer of lactic acid bacterial strains from the feed to the sow, the environment, and the piglets.
The spread of lactic acid bacterial strains to the environment and to newborn piglets was investigated after feeding of such strains to sows. Rifampicin resistant bacterial strains were fed to sows, 10(10) c.f.u. per day, during the period from 1 week before expected farrowing until 1 week after farrowing. Fecal samples from the sows and samples of litter were collected for bacteriological examination together with swabs from the pens, the skin of the sows, and from the rectum of the piglets. The test strains were only excreted in relatively low amounts in the feces of the sows, approximately 10(3)-10(6) c.f.u. per gram. They were not able to displace the normal lactic acid bacterial flora in the sows nor were they transmitted to the intestinal tract of the piglets to any significant extent. After the last administration the test strains disappeared from both feces, skin, and environment, indicating that no permanent colonization had taken place, although considerable differences in duration of persistence were noticed between test strains.
Animal Feed↗
Variations in antibiograms and plasmid profiles among multiple isolates of Staphylococcus intermedius from pyoderma in dogs.
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Animals↗
Lactic acid bacteria for mink. Colonization and persistence of Enterococcus faecium Cernelle 68 in the digestive tract of mink.
A method was developed to follow a lactic acid bacterial strain, Enterococcus faecium Cernelle 68, with respect to adhesion, multiplication, colonization, and persistence in the digestive tract of mink. Also the spread of the strain in the cage was examined. When adding 5 x 10(9) c.f.u. of a rifampicin resistant mutant per kg feed, high viable counts were registered throughout the digestive tract, apart from the oesophagus. Counts were increasing in the aboral direction, suggesting some multiplication in the intestine. It was possible to detect the strain in the intestinal tract 4 days after discontinuation of administration. Neither culture nor scanning electron microscopy gave evidence to suggest that E. faecium Cernelle 68 adhered to the mucosa. The spread of the E. faecium strain was observed in the environment. Counts of E. coli, lactobacilli, staphylococci, and clostridia were low, and none of these bacteria were constant findings.
Animals↗
Tagging the genome of the murine leukemia retrovirus SL3-3 by a bacterial lac operator sequence.
The bacterial lactose operator (lacO) was introduced into the PstI site of the long terminal repeat of the SL3-3 murine leukemia virus, generating a virus, SL3-3lacO, that can replicate in NIH3T3 cell cultures. DNA sequences harboring the lacO sequence might be recovered by molecular cloning in Escherichia coli lac+ lacZ+ using bacteriophage lambda or plasmid vectors. The high copy numbers of the lacO sequence titrate out the lac repressor, leading to the induction of the lac operon in the host. We show here that the lacO and the proviral sequences are carried stably together in the genomes of SL3-3lacO-infected cell cultures and in viral particles. This system is designed to facilitate studies on the provirus and the site of viral integration.
3T3 Cells↗
Lack of evidence of an etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis in recurrent otitis media.
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Child↗
Diarrhetic shellfish toxins: improvement of sample clean-up for HPLC determination.
Okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1, the principal toxic components in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, may be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric measurement as 9-anthrylmethyl esters. However, "greasy" samples may occur and the fluorescent reagent 9-anthryldiazomethane may decompose during storage, resulting in impurities that may seriously interfere with quantitative determination. Ultrasonic treatment of the samples during derivatization with 9-anthryldiazomethane was found to improve reproducibility. This may result from increased access to reactive sites on toxins by 9-anthryldiazomethane due to disruption of micelles formed by toxins and other partly hydrophobic compounds. A procedure for cleaning the derivatized samples, using a 0.1 g silica cartridge column and different eluent compositions from that reported by LEE et al. (1987), was found to facilitate chromatogram interpretation. Deoxycholic acid, a commercial available bile acid, was found to be an acceptable internal standard. The 9-anthrylmethyl esters of okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 and deoxycholic acid, were stable at 4 degrees C for at least seven days when stored dry or in methanol.
Animals↗
Diversity of shellfish toxins of "diarrhetic" type revealed by biological and chemical assays.
Extracts of "diarrhetic" shellfish toxins from the edible mussel (Mytilus edulis) were tested with biological and chemical assays to determine toxin content. When tested with the standard mouse bioassay, a higher toxicity was detected in most samples compared to that revealed from detection of the diarrhea-causing substances okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1 by high-performance liquid chromatography. Routine extraction of toxins for the two assays was carried out with two different solvents, acetone versus aqueous methanol. Accordingly, we questioned whether the variation in results between the methods could be due to differences in chemical properties of these two solvents. When tested, the two solvent systems showed practically the same efficiency concerning the extraction of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1. This demonstrated that toxins other than those causing diarrhea were present in the samples, and that the mouse bioassay was sensitive to these additional toxins. Subsequent testing of the samples with the mouse bioassay, employing both acetone and methanol extracts, revealed that at least two classes of toxins were present in the mussel samples in addition to okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1. It is unclear whether the shellfish toxins revealed in this study are partially from known, nondiarrhetic types, such as pectenotoxins or yessotoxins, or from unknown toxin groups exhibiting ichthyotoxic and hemolytic properties.
Animals↗
A rapid microtitration plate assay for non-specific esterase.
A simple and convenient colorimetric assay for the quantification of non-specific esterase is described. The assay takes advantage of the microtitration plate format, and the high capacity of repetitive dispensers and the microplate reader for this format. The assay is well suited for the quantification changes in the esterase activity in homogeneous cell populations like monocytes maturing into macrophages.
Animals↗
Correlations between self-assessed hearing handicap and standard audiometric tests in elderly persons.
The relationship between self-assessed hearing handicap and audiometric measures using pure-tone and speech audiometry was studied in a group of elderly persons representative of an urban Swedish population. The study population consisted of two cohorts, one of which was followed longitudinally. Significant correlations between measured and self-assessed hearing were found. Speech discrimination scores showed lower correlations with the self-estimated hearing than pure-tone averages and speech reception threshold. Questions concerning conversation with one person and concerning difficulty in hearing the doorbell showed lower correlations with measured hearing than the other questions. The discrimination score test is an inadequate tool for measuring hearing handicap.
Aged↗
[The personal computer for administrative routines at a radiology department].
The article describes a radiological information system (RIS) developed by members of the medical staff at a university hospital. Software has been developed on the basis of the two common databases; dBASE III plus and Clipper. The system is modular constructed. Each module can be operated individually, but best function is obtained by networking in a Ethernet (3Com). The article describes the different modules, user experience and future plans for development.
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss.
In a longitudinal and an age cohort comparing study the influence of aging and occupational noise exposure on hearing sensitivity was studied. The participants of the longitudinal study were studied at 70, 75, and 79 years of age. Seventy year old men exposed to occupational noise had 10 to 15 dB poorer hearing in the high frequency range than nonexposed men. The difference in hearing acuity decreased with increasing age. The differences between exposed and nonexposed older persons was no longer significant at age 79. In women there were no differences in hearing sensitivity between those exposed to noise and those not exposed to noise. Men not exposed to noise had 10 to 15 dB poorer hearing at 4 kHz compared with women of the same age also not exposed to noise.
Age Factors↗
Lactobacillus succession in the piglet digestive tract demonstrated by plasmid profiling.
Plasmid profiling was used to distinguish strains of lactobacilli inhabiting the digestive tract of piglets and the feces of sows. Fifteen plasmid profile types were detected among 328 isolates of lactobacilli. Plasmid profiling of lactobacilli permitted the following conclusions to be made: the maternal feces were a major source of lactobacilli colonizing the piglet digestive tract; the lactobacillus population of the gastric region of the piglet digestive tract was composed of lactobacillus strains different from those present in the rectal population; and a lactobacillus succession was observed in the digestive tract of piglets drawn from a single litter, and one plasmid profile type became dominant in the gastric region of these animals.
Animals↗
Transrectal ultrasonography compared to histopathological assessment for local staging of prostatic carcinoma.
Transrectal ultrasonography (US) was used to predict tumor stage prior to radical prostatectomy in 59 patients with clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate. In 35 cases, US-guided biopsy was done. Histopathological examination of whole tissue mounts was compared with US findings in 49 cases. The remaining 10 had US-guided biopsies proving extracapsular extension of the tumor. Tumor size, as measured by US, was inadequate to distinguish between organ-confined disease and locally advanced tumor. Strategically taken US-guided biopsies of the periprostatic tissue or seminal vesicles were necessary. In the first 30 (group I) in this series of 59 cases, 18 of 22 tumors with extraprostatic spread (pT3) were understaged. In the last 29 cases (group II) only 6 of 19 pT3 tumors were understaged. After an initial training period, transrectal US, in combination with US-guided biopsy, can prove valuable for the pretherapeutic assessment of local spread of prostatic cancer, and can thus aid in the choice of appropriate treatment.
Aged↗
[Prostatic cancer screening by rectal palpation can be organized with consideration to cost effectiveness].
Of 9,008 males, aged 50-69 years, 1,494 were randomly selected and invited to participate in a screening programme for carcinoma of the prostate; 1,163 (78 per cent) accepted. Rectal examination was performed independently by a GP and by a urologist at the GP's surgery. Carcinoma of the prostate was suspected by one or both physicians in 45 cases, and subsequently confirmed by cytological investigation in 13 cases. Ten patients underwent radical prostatectomy, one received radiation treatment, one case was too advanced for curative treatment, and one was scheduled for subsequent reassessment. Screening for early diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate either by a urologist or by a GP, using digital rectal examination, would thus appear to be a cost-effective procedure, though the question remains whether it will promote prolongation of survival.
Aged↗
[Intrauterine tachycardia--differential diagnosis from fetal death].
A case of intrauterine tachycardia is presented. The case was primarily diagnosed as one of foetal death. The correct diagnosis was established by ultrasonic scanning. During the neonatal period, the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was diagnosed. This is a common cause of intrauterine tachycardia.
Adult↗