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Biomedical subjects

K Podoll

Publications and source records attributed to K Podoll.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[History of scientific research films in neurology in germany 1895-1929].

Based on a systematic journal survey, an account is given of the history of research films in neurology and psychiatry in Germany in the era of the silent film 1895-1929. In 1897, Paul Schuster of Berlin was the first who filmed patients with a variety of movement disorders. Since 1927, Otto Löwenstein of Bonn developed the method of pupillography which was based on single-frame analysis and allowed quantitative evaluation of pupillary responses. Film recordings of epileptic fits proved to be of value in the scientific study of epilepsy. The few films copies that have survived the passage of time are valuable documents of medical history.

Germany↗
PubMed1998

[Hallucinations of body magnification in migraine].

Hallucinations of body magnification, representing aura symptoms of migraine, are recorded in 2 original observations and in 32 cases reported in the clinical literature. These hallucinations represent an isolated neuropsychological symptom that can be conceived as a disorder of the body schema. The head and the hands are the anatomic regions that are most frequently affected. This parallels the dominance of representation of these regions in the sensory cerebral cortex. Hallucinations of body magnification frequently co-occur with aura symptoms of basilar migraine, which is compatible with the hypothesis of a localisation of these hallucinations in the regions of the thalamus and the parieto-temporo-occipital cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Hypnogogic hallucinations of macrosomatognosia and microsomatognosia].

Macrosomatognosia and microsomatognosia, in which the entire body or parts of the body are perceived as abnormally large or small, can occur as hypnagogic hallucinations in sane and healthy subjects. A review of the literature and five original observations are presented. The mouth and the hands are anatomic regions which are frequently affected, paralleling the dominance of their representation in the sensory maps of the human brain. The clinical differential diagnosis of the said phenomena includes narcolepsy, epileptic and migraine aura, drug-induced body schema disturbances and basic symptoms of functional psychoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Psychiatric contribution to the debate on films of the silent movie era in Germany].

Literary writers and scientists of various disciplines have contributed to debates about the silent movie in the 10s and 20s in Germany, leading to basic insights into the structure and effects of the new film medium. Psychiatric authors of the documented period have elaborated propositions towards a theory of film perception and analyses of different possibly nocuous film effects. The hypothesis of a causal effect of the film medium on violence and the notion of a transmission of suicidal behaviour by fictitious film models are still controversially discussed.

Art↗
PubMed1993

Absence of frontal somatosensory evoked potentials in Huntington's disease.

A fast route for transmission of deep and cutaneous afferent information to the frontal cortex is well established in non-human primates. Whether the incoming cortical information gives rise to early frontal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in humans is still a matter of contention. We attempted to solve this question by investigating the topography of SEP generators evoked by median nerve stimulation in 30 healthy subjects and in 30 patients suffering from Huntington's disease, who are known to have reduced SEP amplitudes. Using an earlobe reference, SEPs were recorded with an array of either five surface electrodes over the contralateral parietal cortex or 32 electrodes distributed over the whole scalp. In normal subjects analysis of frontal potentials revealed an early positive (P22) and negative (N30) component which could not be explained by generators located in the parietal cortex. Apart from the reduction of parietal components (N20, P25) frontal P22 and N30 were diminished or absent in Huntington's disease patients. Frontal potentials were even reduced in those patients who had parietal SEP amplitudes within the range of normal subjects. These frontal changes are similar to those reported in other basal ganglia disorders. Basal ganglia dysfunction might therefore be associated with changes of frontal SEP components.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Contralateral early blink reflex in patients with facial nerve palsy: indication for synaptic reorganization in the facial nucleus during regeneration.

Fifty patients with Bell's palsy and 30 patients with etiologically different symptomatic peripheral facial nerve palsy were studied by means of electrically evoked blink reflexes 1-23 days after onset of paresis. Their results were compared with a normal control group of 30 healthy subjects. In a significant number of patients (64% in Bell's palsy and 53% in symptomatic facial nerve palsy) a contralateral early blink reflex response (R1) could be elicited upon stimulation of the normal side as compared to 13% in the control group. It is suggested that this result may be explained by synaptic reorganization of the facial nucleus leading to functional unmasking of pre-existing crossed trigemino-facial reflex pathways during regeneration. This view is in line with previous experimental data in animals on the time course of structural changes in the facial nucleus after lesioning of the ipsilateral facial nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Cumulative trauma caused by continued sadistic child abuse in a patient with chronic artefact disease].

A 37-year old female with borderline personality disorder, who had experienced the cumulative trauma of a history of sadistic child abuse by her mother, developed the symptomatology of chronic factitious illness after an operation necessitated by an accident injury. Relationships between chronic factitious disease and obsession, addiction, perversion and suicidal behaviour are discussed against the background of a literature review.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Auto- and hetero-aggression in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome].

A 29-year old patient with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome exhibited severe compulsive self-mutilation and hostility leading to long-term hospitalisation. A history of refractory self-mutilation increases the risk for suicidal acts, which represent a rare complication in the course of the Tourette disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Intraventricular antibiotic therapy].

While shunt infections are regularly treated with intraventricular antibiotics, the validity of such an application in bacterial meningitis of other origin is controversial. We report two cases of partly successful treatment with intraventricular Ceftazidime (10-20 mg twice per week). One patient with pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis who was treated as an out-patient for nearly two years died after an attempted withdrawal of the intraventricular treatment. In our experience, intraventricular application of antibiotics can be a part of the therapeutic regimen in all cases of chronic meningitis with problematic bacteria. Depending on the bacillus, Ceftazidime, Vancomycin or Netilmicin can be recommended for intrathecal application.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Transitional objects as regression phenomena in demented patients].

Two demented patients, one with primary degenerative dementia and one with multi-infarct dementia, each showed attachment to a soft toy animal, which fulfilled the criteria of a transitional object as described by Winnicott. This could be regarded as a regression phenomenon, according to the basic pathogenetic concept that cerebral disease causes a dissolution of the highest central nervous functions.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The telephone accident--a contribution to the history of traumatic neuroses].

In the decades after the introduction of the Bell telephone in 1876, a variety of otological and neurological disorders were described as an effect of the sustained use of the telephone. Telephone accidents giving rise to symptoms of traumatic neurosis were conceived of as being caused by electric current, by acoustical trauma or by an emotional shock, reflecting the general discussions concerning the aetiology of traumatic neurosis. With regard to the evidence documenting the anxiety aroused by the experience of the new telecommunicative medium, the disappearance of the phenomena of telephone trauma can be attributed to the habituation to this experience in the process of civilization.

Europe↗
PubMed1991

Language functions in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Language functions were studied in 6 patients with clinically diagnosed progressive supranuclear palsy who conformed to the characteristic pattern of 'subcortical dementia'. Dysarthria, reading difficulties and disturbances of handwriting were present in all patients. Some patients showed additional deficits including visual dyslexia, constructional dysgraphia and an increased rate of self-corrections and misnamings in object confrontation naming. In most instances, the naming errors referred to an object visually similar to the target object, suggesting that visual misperception is the major cause of the naming disorder. It is concluded that a variety of language impairments may develop secondary to other neurological and neuropsychological changes in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Evidence that low-threshold muscle afferents evoke long-latency stretch reflexes in human hand muscles.

1. The aim of the present study was to identify the type of spinal afferents involved in the generation of the long-latency response in intrinsic human hand muscles. Position-controlled extensions were imposed on the index finger or on the wrist of healthy subjects who were exerting a steady voluntary flexion force at the relevant joint. Averaged surface electromyographic (EMG) responses of the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) or of the wrist flexors were evaluated with respect to latency and size. 2. Small transient angular displacements of the index finger (1 degree, as measured at the metacarpophalangeal joint), which are supposed to excite primary rather than secondary afferents, evoked two clearly discernible EMG responses with mean latencies of 32.3 ms (M1 response) and 54.7 ms (M2 response), respectively. The size of the M2 response exceeded the size of the M1 response by 60%. In the wrist flexors, transient stretch (1 degree) gave rise to a large M1 response (latency 22.8 ms) and a small, inconstent M2 response. 3. Small-amplitude vibration of the index finger elicited EMG responses in the FDI that were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those seen in response to small transient stretches of the index finger. This was also true for fast ramp-and-hold stretches (stretch velocity 400 degrees/s, amplitude 5 degrees), whereas slow ramp-and-hold stretches (125 degrees/s, 5 degrees) elicited predominantly M2 responses. 4. In the FDI, the mechanical threshold of the M1 and M2 response to the transient angular displacement was approximately 0.15 degrees, with a tendency for the M2 response to appear at a lower threshold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Musical hallucinations in hearing loss in the aged].

An 83-year-old woman experienced the abrupt onset of musical hallucinations. She had had long-standing progressive hearing loss due to otosclerosis. The clinical, psychopathological and pathogenetic aspects of this syndrome are discussed by means of a review of the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Neurologic and psychiatric disorders in vinyl chloride disease].

A literature review and an own case observation of neurological and psychiatrical disturbances in vinyl chloride disease are presented. In acute vinyl chloride intoxication, patients complain of vertigo, nausea and headache. At higher concentrations, vinyl chloride exerts a narcotic effect. In patients with chronic occupational exposure, neurological disturbances include sensory-motor polyneuropathy, trigeminal sensory neuropathy, slight pyramidal signs and cerebellar and extrapyramidal motor disorders. Psychiatric disturbances present as neurasthenic or depressive syndromes. Sleep disorders and disorders of sexual functions are frequently encountered. Pathological EEG alterations can be found in a high proportion of patients. The long term course and prognosis of the neurological and psychiatrical disorders in vinyl chloride disease are obscure. In an own case, a slight sensory polyneuropathy, bilateral hyposmia, a marked neurasthenic syndrome, typical EEG changes and computed tomography signs of cerebral atrophy were found in a 56-years-old patient as late as 16 years after the exposure to vinyl chloride.

Adult↗