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Biomedical subjects

K Precht

Publications and source records attributed to K Precht.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Inverted duplication of the distal short arm of chromosome 3 associated with lobar holoprosencephaly and lumbosacral meningomyelocele.

A fetus with lobar holoprosencephaly and lumbosacral meningomyelocele associated with duplication of the short arm of chromosome 3 is reported. The anomalies were detected on fetal ultrasound at 20 weeks' gestation and the autopsy findings correlated well with the prenatal findings. The fetal karyotype was 46,XY,der(3)del(3)(p26) dup(3)(p26p21.3). The association of holoprosencephaly with duplication 3p is well known, but to the best of our knowledge this is the first reported association of meningomyelocele with 3p duplication. These findings suggest that a gene or genes with a crucial role in central nervous system development are located on the short arm of chromosome 3.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Practical approach for determining glomerular filtration rate by single-injection inulin clearance.

We compared the glomerular filtration rate as measured by a single-injection inulin clearance with that measured by a standard isotope method with 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid in 21 subjects with glomerular filtration rates greater than 35 mL/min. After a bolus injection of 5 g of inulin, blood samples were taken 20, 45, 90, 120, 145, 180, and 240 min afterwards. Inulin was measured by optimized chemical or enzymatic methods of high analytical sensitivity to determine inulin at low concentrations. We used the one-compartment model and inulin concentrations measured at two sampling times to calculate the glomerular filtration rate from the data of the disappearance curve of inulin. Inulin concentrations at 20 and 240 min after injection of the inulin bolus were suited to estimate glomerular filtration rate by this procedure, resulting in values (y) comparable with those obtained by isotope technique (x). The relationship to the isotope technique was characterized by the equation y = +4.80 mL/min + 0.92x (r = 0.97). The single-injection inulin clearance determination can detect a decrease of glomerular filtration rate at the beginning of kidney damage, given that our study included subjects with glomerular filtration rates greater than 35 mL/min. We conclude that the glomerular filtration rate can be determined by analyzing only two blood samples after a bolus injection of inulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Changes of antioxidative homeostasis in patients on chronic haemodialysis.

The balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during metabolism and their scavengers and trappers is changed in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Recently we found an increased superoxide anion-trapping capacity of uraemic serum before haemodialysis which was decreased during the treatment, probably because of loss of antioxidants into the dialysate. In this study the generation of superoxide anions by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was examined. There was a tendency for decreased ROS generation during transient leukopenia regarding all conditions of PMN incubation and stimulation. The changed antioxidative homeostasis is thought to be one factor of decreased red blood cell (RBC) survival and thereby of renal anaemia in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Our results support this hypothesis, indicating an increased haemolysis ratio of RBC after haemodialysis in a strongly artificial singlet oxygen stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Basic program for the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory diseases of the kidney].

The specialist for general medicine and for internal medicine, respectively, in the primary consultation must express the suspicion of the occurrence of a renal disease on the basis of the anamnesis and the findings of the clinical examination and confirm or exclude it by simple diagnostic tests. It is entered into the individual test component in diagnostics. The securing of the diagnosis, the judgement of the renal function as well as differential-therapeutic considerations for the further care are to be performed by the results of the diagnostic steps II (basic diagnostics, in special questionings by step III). About 100,000 patients with renal diseases are country-wide cared for at present, in whom 11% already suffer from a renal insufficiency. It is referred to the most important recommendations for therapy in bacterial and glomerular renal diseases.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Development of a C1q-adsorbent for the selective removal of circulating immune complexes.

In body fluids circulating immune complexes possess a substantial pathogenic effect on a variety of diseases. Thus it seems to be reasonable to influence the pathogenic mechanism of such diseases by removing the circulating immune complexes out of the body fluids. The selective adsorbent for binding immune complexes were developed as possible alternative of plasmapheresis for specific removal of immune complexes out of the blood plasma. The principle is based on the biospecific binding of immune complexes to C1q that is immobilized by a covalent binding to different solid phases. Thus: so bound immune complexes can be separated by detaching the solid phases. The adsorbent may be regenerated by non-denaturated media and can be used manyfold. This adsorbent has a high biocompatibility and offers the possibility for clinical use.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1990

[Prognosis of acute dialysis dependent renal failure].

In a retrospective study of 116 patients with acute renal failure treated by hemodialysis the prognostic value of various clinical data was evaluated by discriminant analysis. With a letality of 73.6% the patient survival was dependent on the frequency of associated organ disorders. The following order was prognostical important: respiratory insufficiency, age, cardio-vascular complications and infection or sepsis. Other problems like gastrointestinal complications, coagulation disorders and hepatic failure were without significant value.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

[The development of nephrology and dialysis in the past 40 years].

In the past 40 years the nephrology has been established in the GDR as a subspeciality of internal medicine and pediatrics. In the districts more than 60 nephrological centres were opened and modern diagnostical and therapeutical methods were introduced. More than 2000 patients were treated regularly by artificial kidney. Further detoxification methods including therapeutical plasmapheresis were introduced in the practice in the last years. The number of dialysis increase from 300,000 in 1989 to 500,000 in 1991.

Germany, East↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in anti-oxidative homeostasis in hemodialysis patients].

Changes of the antioxidative homoeostasis in hemodialysis patients were registered by determination of the antioxidative capacity (AC). This capacity has been increased before dialysis and decreased by 50% during dialysis. After 30 minutes of dialysis the AC was much more decreased than creatinine and urea. The cause of this AC reduction is not only a loss of antioxidants into the dialysate, but possibly also an oxygen radical formation by C5a-activated granulocytes, sequestered in pulmonary capillaries during transient leucopenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Determination of the acid-base status in blood of patients on chronic haemodialysis and of bicarbonate in dialysate: comparison of three techniques and their mathematically derived values.

The study deals with the comparison of acid-base parameters in blood of patients on chronic haemodialysis and of bicarbonate dialysate determined by Gas-Check AVL 945, equilibration technique (ET), and a titrimetric method. The results show that an acceptable agreement exists between AVL and ET with respect to measurements of pH, pCO2, HCO3-, and base excess. However, the values obtained for total buffer base related to the actual haemoglobin concentration are significantly lower (P less than 0.001) when determined by AVL. A titrimetric method is proposed for routine measurement of HCO3- in bicarbonate dialysate. Values obtained using this method are 3-4 mmol/l higher than those determined by AVL and ET. However, when the values for pK1' and for the solubility coefficient used in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation are replaced by those for saline-bicarbonate solutions, results obtained using the titrimetric determined values agree well with those obtained by AVL and ET.

Acetates↗
PubMed1988

[The low molecular weight proteins ribonuclease, beta 2 microglobulin and lysozyme in the serum and urine of patients with chronic kidney diseases].

The diagnostical relevance of the low-molecular proteins ribonuclease, beta 2-microglobulin and lysozyme in serum and urine to detect a reduced glomerular filtration rate was examined in 52 patients with chronic renal diseases. The radioisotope clearance using 99mTc-DTPA was the base reference; the reference values of the low-molecular proteins were estimated in a control group. Ribonuclease was increased above the upper borderline value, if the glomerular filtration rate was lower than 1.24 ml s-1. Creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin and lysozyme remain yet in part in the normal range. The estimation of the ribonuclease in serum is suitable to detect an impaired glomerular filtration rate if the creatinine value is still not increased. Thereby, the diagnostics in renal diseases may be improved in the creatinine-blind area.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Indications for the Scribner shunt in hemodialysis].

The indication to a Scribner shunt as vascular access for hemodialysis has been reduced significantly by the use of central-venous catheters and creation of subcutaneous access methods. In 13 patients suffering from septic complications of the central-venous vascular access catheters a Scribner shunt was created for continuation of hemodialysis. After removal of infected catheters and specific antibiotic therapy the sepsis could be controlled in 12 patients within 4-18 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Subclavian Scribner shunt for hemodialysis].

In two dialysis patients with absolute indication to a temporary Scribner shunt and lacking typical access possibilities (limb, leg) an effective vascular access has been created between the Arteria and Vena acromio-clavicularis. Because of the short trunk of the A. acromio-clavicularis a lengthening by a vein transplant was necessary.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

[The syndrome of retrograde venous arterialization following arteriovenous vascular anastomoses for hemodialysis].

In 9 patients with arterio-venous side-to-end anastomosis on the forearm as vascular access for chronic hemodialysis an uniform symptom complex was observed: retrograde flow of the ectatic vein into the periphery, swelling and pain in this area, partly with trophic skin disorders on the hand. After occlusion of the arterio-venous anastomosis these symptoms could reversed completely with exception of venous dilation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Factors influencing the duration of function of arteriovenous vascular anastomoses in hemodialysis].

The function of an arterio-venous vascular access is influenced by vascular material, hemodynamics, blood coagulation and technique and number of punctures. By careful intraoperative handling, optimal postoperative care and treatment of the vascular access during and after hemodialysis the functional duration may be influenced effectively. The technique of puncture, the puncture cannula and the skill of the "puncture" are of great importance.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

[Use of formaldehyde-preserved, silicone-coated inner surface and form-fixed bovine blood vessels as vascular transplants].

A total of 114 vascular transplants of formaldehyde-preserved, form-fixed bovine vessels with silicone-coated inner surface were implanted to 113 dialysis patients and to one patient with asthma bronchiale. They were used as arteriovenous bridging grafts for punctures or parts of them and as arterial bridging grafts for repair. Included were A. glutealis in 43 instances as well as A. thoracica interna, V. glutealis and V. thoracica interna in 18 instances, and A. sacralis in 53 cases. Low early-thrombosis rates were recorded from all transplants. Transplants of A. glutealis and A. thoracica interna quite often exhibited spontaneous aneurysmatic enlargement in response to repeated puncturing. Fewer complications were recordable from transplants of A. glutealis, V. thoracica interna and A. sacralis.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗