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Biomedical subjects

K Price

Publications and source records attributed to K Price.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Prognostic significance of complete surgical resection of pulmonary metastases in patients with osteogenic sarcoma: analysis of 32 patients.

Between 1972 and 1981, 93 patients with extremity osteogenic sarcoma without detectable metastatic disease were treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Fifty-two patients remain continuously free of disease. Thirty-two of the 41 patients who relapsed had pulmonary metastases only and 26 underwent thoracotomy to remove all metastatic disease. Complete resection was possible in 11 of 26 patients as defined by the removal of all macroscopic disease, no microscopic disease at resection margins, and no histologic evidence of pleural disruption by tumor. Nine of 11 patients are currently free of disease with a median duration of most recent remission of 42 months (range, 3-72 months). Four of these nine patients have had only one relapse. Only two of 15 patients with incomplete resection of metastatic disease defined by the above criteria are currently free of disease for 57 and 101 months. A significant difference in survival from initial relapse for patients made surgically free of disease using this stringent criteria was observed even when the result is stratified for time to first relapse and number of pulmonary nodules (p = 0.005). A subgroup of patients within the group undergoing thoracotomies who can be expected to have an improved survival has been defined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

True metabolizable energy values for poultry of commercial diets measured by bioassay and predicted from chemical data.

Data describing 419 commercial poultry feeds and 41 mixtures of feedingstuffs were used to develop multiple linear regression equations for predicting the true metabolizable energy (TME) values of mixed feeds. Equations using the three-variable combinations "ether extract, crude fiber, ash" and "ether extract, crude protein, NFE" were equally useful as predictors of TME, explaining about 80% of the variation. The combination "ether extract, crude protein, carbohydrate", used in published equations for predicting apparent metabolizable energy, explained only about 60% of the variation. Equations with four or more variables were not significantly better than the three-variable equations. The commercial data were split into three groups. Equations developed on the separate groups were consistent. The equations are recommended for use with mixed feeds whose parameters fall within the ranges of the values observed in the experiment.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Variability in metabolic plus endogenous energy losses of adult cockerels and in the true metabolizable energy values and rates of passage of dehydrated alfalfa.

An experiment with four groups of 12 adult cockerels allowed true metabolizable energy (TME) to be estimated in several ways. The birds were alternately fed one of two samples of dehydrated alfalfa meal or starved to serve as a negative control for the measurement of metabolic and endogenous energy loss (FEm + UEe). Each bird was fed twice and served as a control twice. The correction for FEm + UEe, therefore, could be estimated from the same bird, at a different period, or from a different bird at the same period. The FEm + UEe was largely characteristic of the bird. The correlation of the first observation with the second observation for each bird was .744 (44 DF). Variation in body weight did little to explain variation in FEm + UEe (r = .069, 90 DF). The most precise TME estimates were obtained by using each bird as its own negative control. A group mean value for FEm + UEe was somewhat inferior but the decrease in precision may be offset by reduced time and cost. The TME values provided additional evidence that the FEm + UEe output is characteristic of the bird. Although some birds consistently voided alfalfa residues more slowly than other birds, the pattern was not sufficiently consistent between birds to be significant.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The metabolic and endogenous energy losses of adult roosters.

The metabolic plus endogenous energy losses of 300 adult, White Leghorn roosters during a 24 hr period, following 24 hr of starvation, were measured. The losses ranged from 2.37 to 6.93, with a mean of 4.46, kcal/kg body weight/24 hr. Multiple regression analysis showed that only 23% of the variation in the loss/bird/24 hr was explained by differences in body weight and weight change. The measurements were made during 38 experiments spread over 3 years but there was no evidence of any relationship between the year or time of year and magnitude of the energy loss.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Catecholamine and octopamine concentrations in brains of patients with Reye syndrome.

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and octopamine levels were estimated in regions of brains obtained postmortem from children who died with Reye syndrome and from age-matched controls. Hypothalamic norepinephrine levels were greatly decreased (to 30 percent of control, p less than 0.02) and octopamine levels were increased (to 700 percent of control, p less than 0.01). Levodopa had little effect on the physiologic condition of the patients. However, CNS dopamine and homovanillic concentrations were not elevated by levodopa, indicating that in the present cases levodopa was not metabolized to its catecholamine products. The findings indicate that the encephalopathy of Reye syndrome (as in other types of hepatic coma) may be linked to the presence of false transmitters in the brain and that levodopa is a rational therapy if administered before irreversible CNS changes occur.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed1975

Variation in the metabolizable energy values of diets and dietary components fed to adult roosters.

Two experiments were conducted to measure the variability of the M.E. values of diets and dietary ingredients fed to adult S.C.W.L. roosters. The first experiment was concerned with the variability between birds and days, the acclimatization to dietary change and the effect of the nitrogen correction. The standard error of the mean dietary M.E. value appropriate to an individual bird on one day was found to be 0.073 kcal./g. Increasing the number of days of excreta collection reduced this value slightly faster than did increasing the number of birds. The results suggest that the dietary acclimatization period should be at least 48 hr. The nitrogen correction was very small and of doubtful value. The second experiment comprised 5 bioassays in each of which 6 different samples of grain were fed at 3 levels of dietary inclusion (25, 50 and 75%) to birds drawn from the population used in the first experiment. The standard error of the mean dietary M.E. value was in agreement with the earlier value. The variance of ingredient M.E. values increased as the level of dietary inclusion decreased. Standard deviations of the mean M.E. value of an ingredient predicted from the data of the first experiment were in agreement with actual values observed in the second experiment. It is concluded that the adult rooster is suitable for use in bioassays designed to measure the M.E. values of diets and ingredients.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1972

Brain amine concentrations after monoamine oxidase inhibitor administration.

The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), noradrenaline, and dopamine were estimated post mortem in brain stem, hypothalamus, and caudate nucleus in 33 patients who had been treated with isocarboxazid, clorgyline, or tranylcypromine and 11 controls. Similar and highly significant increases in 5HT and noradrenaline concentration occurred with all three drugs. The distribution was unimodal, but about a quarter of the patients showed only a small increase in brain amines. Tranylcypromine seemed to have a significantly greater effect on dopamine in caudate nucleus and hypothalamus compared with isocarboxazid and clorgyline. In the doses used chlorpromazine did not reduce the amine concentrations. Four patients with Parkinson's syndrome had low concentrations of dopamine in caudate nucleus in spite of monoamine oxidase inhibitor administration.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous autoradiography and line immunoelectrophoresis (ARLIE): a novel combination to identify de novo protein synthesis by pregnancy tissues.

A novel combination of two conventional techniques (autoradiography, AR and line immunoelectrophoresis, LIE; ARLIE) for identification of specific proteins synthesized de novo by explants is described. The incorporation rate of [35S]-methionine was linear in proteins derived from cytosol fractions and supernatants of first trimester human trophoblast and gestational endometrium for up to 18 h. SDS-PAGE analysis of these fractions provided further evidence of the protein synthesis and secretion by the tissue explants. The ARLIE system was evaluated by investigating the synthesis and secretion of five test proteins (PP12, PP14, hPL, FA-1 and FA-2) by trophoblast and gestational endometrium. The synthesis P12 and PP14 could be demonstrated by gestational endometrium only. Similarly the synthesis of hPL could be demonstrated by the trophoblast alone. The synthesis of the fetal proteins (FA-1 and FA-2) could not be demonstrated by either tissue. The control procedure, Protein A assisted immunoprecipitation, yielded similar results for PP14 but not hPL. This novel combination (ARLIE) provides a simple technique with which to study the de novo synthesis of several proteins simultaneously which is independent of the subclass and species of origin of antibodies.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iron status in the first year of life.

The iron status of babies of different race born at term to mothers in an inner city area was studied at birth and during the first year of life and related to maternal iron status. Haemoglobin and ferritin were measured in the mother at term (n = 81) and in the baby in cord blood (n = 81), at 6 months (n = 55), and at 1 year (n = 51). No relationship was found between the iron status of mothers and their babies at birth. However, iron stores at birth did affect later iron status, cord ferritin being significantly related to ferritin at 6 months (r = 0.42, p less than 0.01) and 1 year (r = 0.55, p less than 0.01) but not to haemoglobin at these ages. No relationship was found between haemoglobin iron at birth and subsequent iron status. Introduction of full cow's milk before the age of 6 months was associated with iron deficiency at this age and at 1 year. By the age of 1 year, iron deficiency was also associated with feeding greater than 900 ml whole cow's milk a day, inadequate feeding with solids, and higher weight gain. No stool parasites were found at the age of 1 year, and the presence of occult blood in stools did not significantly affect iron status at this age. At 1 year of age, 49% of these infants had low iron stores, including 20% with iron deficiency anaemia. Considerable improvement could result from simple changes in dietary practices.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Constitutive nitric oxide synthases in rat gastric mucosa: subcellular distribution, relative activity and different carboxyl-terminal antigenicity of the neuronal form compared with cerebellum.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate whether the neuronal form of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) in gastric mucosa differed from nNOS in the brain in subcellular distribution or antigenicity, and to determine the relative activity of the endothelial form of NO synthase (eNOS) and nNOS in gastric mucosa. METHODS: Subcellular fractionation, assay of enzyme activity by conversion of arginine to citrulline, and immunoblotting were employed. RESULTS: 10% of NO synthase activity in gastric mucosa was particulate compared with 31% in the cerebellum. Immunoblotting demonstrated that gastric mucosal nNOS protein was essentially cytosolic and that eNOS was largely particulate. Combination of these results with measurements of enzyme activity suggested that 96% of gastric mucosal activity was contributed by nNOS. Experiments with an antiserum raised against the carboxyl-terminal hexadecapeptide of rat brain NO synthase suggested a difference in antigenicity between forms of nNOS from the cerebellum and gastric mucosa. This difference did not seem to result from alternative splicing of the primary transcript, and was not present after enrichment of nNOS by affinity chromatography using 2',5'-ADP agarose. CONCLUSION: The form of nNOS in rat gastric mucosa is largely cytosolic and is the major constitutive activity. When first isolated gastric nNOS differs in antigenicity from the equivalent brain enzyme, probably as a result of an unstable post-translational modification, close to the carboxyl-terminus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Views of young people using augmentative and alternative communication systems.

Children with physical impairments who cannot use intelligible speech are often recommended augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. In England and Wales, it is usually the job of speech and language therapists to support development in AAC skills. This paper reports findings from discussion with children and young people who use AAC systems concerning their attitudes and opinions towards the organization of speech and language therapy, the role of the speech and language therapist in school and issues concerned with AAC systems themselves. Six young adults and 17 children from London education authorities were interviewed on a one-to-one basis and in focus groups. Children were interviewed who had a communication aid incorporating at least 20 symbols and/or pictures and/or written words, language understanding at the two-word level and above, i.e. they demonstrated understanding of adult requests with at least two information carrying words. For children using communication aids, it is conceivable that their communication systems do not contain appropriate symbol vocabulary to express complex ideas, opinions and feelings. Consequently, a symbol-based interview tool was designed to allow children to express complex issues through visual means. Most children interviewed reported that their AAC system was useful to them. Further analysis of opinions revealed that negative attitudes towards AAC systems were primarily associated with operational issues (technical skills required to operate an AAC system) and issues of self-image/identity, and to some degree, with a lack of perceived benefit in interaction. In apparent contrast to therapists' preferred models of working, children and young people identified a preference for therapy organized on a one-to-one basis targeting linguistic and operational skills. It is suggested that more acceptable and individualized design of AAC systems could have implications for their use in school and other contexts. The value of service users' views in service planning and evaluation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of an education video on patients' requests for postoperative pain relief.

A patient education videotape called if it hurts, tell us was used to provide one of three groups of 20 preoperative patients with information about pain control and to encourage them to be assertive in their requests for postoperative pain relief. There were no significant differences in the levels of pain or requests for analgesia between the group which had been specifically encouraged by the education video to seek pain relief and the groups which had not seen the video. Patients in all three groups generally experienced a good deal of pain following surgery, but they were not dissatisfied with this experience and did not take available action to eliminate all their pain. While the literature suggests that improvements in postoperative pain management might be achieved by better staff education, patients' reluctance to eliminate their pain should also be considered.

Adult↗