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Biomedical subjects

K R Bishop

Publications and source records attributed to K R Bishop.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Stress urinary incontinence: effect of pelvic muscle exercise.

Twenty women with stress urinary incontinence diagnosed by urodynamic testing participated in a 6-week pelvic muscle exercise program. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the exercise program, with or without an intravaginal balloon, on urinary leakage as determined by a 30-minute and a 24-hour pad test. Relative strength of the pelvic muscles was evaluated using an intravaginal device that measures the pressure generated during a muscle contraction. After completion of the exercise program, 18 of the 20 subjects had an increase in strength of the pelvic floor muscles, as demonstrated by increased intravaginal pressure or a decrease in urinary loss on the 24-hour pad test. The use of an intravaginal balloon did not improve performance of the pelvic muscles or decrease urinary loss as compared with the subjects who exercised without an intravaginal balloon. Twelve months after the completion of the exercise program, 19 of the participants responded to a questionnaire about their urinary loss and performance of pelvic muscle exercises. None of the subjects stated that her urinary loss was worse, three had undergone surgical intervention, and ten had not continued to exercise. Seven subjects still exercised, with subjective improvement of urinary loss. It appears that pelvic muscle exercises may be successful in improving the condition of stress urinary incontinence; however, half of the subjects did not continue to exercise independently.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of exercise on the circumvaginal muscles in postpartum women.

The effect of exercise on pressure developed by the circumvaginal muscles (CVM) in postpartum women was studied. The CVM assessment system described earlier by Dougherty, Abrams, and McKey used an intravaginal balloon device (IVBD) developed from an impression and model of the vagina. The system (IVBD, pressure transducer and strip chart recorder) provided permanent CVM pressure tracings with high test-re-test reliability (n = 16; r = .85) for maximum pressure (MP). The hypothesis in the research reported here was that exercise with and without an IVBD, when compared to no exercise, would result in significantly higher MP and pressure over time (POT). Forty-five healthy PP volunteers were randomly assigned to a 10-minute per day home training program, for six weeks. The baseline and six-week assessments consisted of CVM pressure tracings during contraction. Dependent variables were MP (highest pressure attained) and POT (area under the pressure curve). Although no significant differences were found between the home training groups, greater improvement was found in the exercise groups. Variability within subjects partly accounts for the results. Pressure changes before and after pregnancy and before and after CVM exercise are demonstrated in a case study. The findings support the use of CVM exercise in the postpartum.

Exercise↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic characteristics of the circumvaginal muscles during pregnancy and the postpartum.

Weakened circumvaginal muscles (CVM) may occur after childbirth and may be associated with obstetric factors such as perineal outcome, episiotomy, length of second stage labor, baby weight, and pushing technique. Pressures developed by the CVM during pregnancy and postpartum were obtained to test the hypothesis that significantly lower pressures would be developed by the CVM in the early postpartum than during pregnancy. The sample consisted of 29 pregnant women who planned to deliver at a birth center. A follow-up study was performed approximately one year after delivery to determine if improvement of the CVM occurred over time. The results supported the hypothesis and indicated that restitution of the CVM occurred after the early postpartum period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of age, parity, and adherence on pelvic muscle response to exercise.

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors that affect pelvic muscle response to 12 weeks of pelvic muscle exercise. DESIGN: Repeated measures design in which intravaginal pressures during pelvic muscle contractions were recorded at baseline and after four exercise levels. SETTING: College of Nursing research site in Gainesville, Florida. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-five parous, community-dwelling women, aged 35-78 years and without incontinence as a primary concern. INTERVENTIONS: A 12-week graded program of regular (three times per week, every other day) pelvic muscle exercise at home. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The hypotheses were that younger age, lower parity, higher baseline intravaginal pressures, and adherence to the pelvic muscle exercise program each would result in significant improvement in maximum intravaginal pressures. RESULTS: The only factor showing significance in predicting a successful outcome was age (t = -2.29, df = 41, one-tail probability = .0136). CONCLUSIONS: Regular, graded exercise over several weeks is needed to build pelvic muscles, and some women who exercise do not improve. Although the reasons for not improving are unclear, age is a significant factor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variation in intravaginal pressure measurements.

The wide variation in intravaginal pressure measurements of the circumvaginal muscles (CVM) was studied in five subjects under well-controlled conditions. Previous research and clinical observations have indicated that fluctuations in the measurement of intravaginal pressure may be associated with time of day, day of testing, and existing stress factors. Subjects were assessed four times per day, on four consecutive days, for a total of 16 assessments. At each of the 16 conditions for a given subject, 10 CVM contractions lasting 12 seconds each were recorded and the variables, maximum pressure (MP10), peak maximum pressure (PMP), and abdominal pressure were analyzed. The within-subject variance was 15.5 (SD = 3.9); the between-subject variance was 132.4 (SD = 11.5). The effects of day, time, and stressor were analyzed by ANOVA specifically designed for variance estimates; no significant differences were found. The clinical observations that led to the study were not supported when systematically investigated. However, consistent data collection procedures appeared to reduce within-subject variance.

Adult↗