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Biomedical subjects

K R Chundu

Publications and source records attributed to K R Chundu.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Decreased concentrations of GLUT1 and GLUT3 glucose transporters in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Glucose metabolism is depressed in the temporal and parietal regions of the cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We measured the concentrations of two glucose transporters, GLUT1 and GLUT3, in six regions of brains from both control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease. The concentrations of both transporters were reduced in the cerebral cortex, with larger and highly significant reductions observed for GLUT3, the putative neuronal glucose transporter. The reductions in GLUT3 were greater than the loss of synapses, and should be considered as a potential cause of the deficits in glucose metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Improved outcome for young children with AIDS, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical course of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, requiring mechanical ventilation secondary to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, with respect to intensive care unit outcome, long-term survival after intensive care unit discharge, and possible predictors of outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Multidisciplinary, tertiary, pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Thirteen consecutive patients accounting for 15 admissions to the intensive care unit, from September 1986 through December 1991, with the diagnoses of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, P. carinii pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: All patients were less than 2 years of age and acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection perinatally. Survival after 15 admissions to the intensive care unit was 60%. Mean (+/- SD) and median long-term survival for the nine intensive care unit survivors was 30 +/- 12.9 months and 27 months, respectively. Maximum oxygenation index and minimum partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio were significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors. CONCLUSIONS: Young children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who develop acute respiratory failure secondary to P. carinii pneumonia and who require mechanical ventilation may have a better acute outcome and long-term survival than previously reported.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Metabolic alkalosis in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To define the frequency of metabolic alkalosis and its pathogenesis in children after open-heart surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Multidisciplinary, tertiary, pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Fifty-six consecutive children undergoing open-heart surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Metabolic alkalosis occurred in 29 (52%) of 56 patients. Seventy-two percent of patients < 12 months of age developed metabolic alkalosis as compared with 30% of patients > 12 months of age (p < .01 by chi-square). Patients developing metabolic alkalosis were younger, received more furosemide, had lower serum chloride concentrations, and underwent longer cardiopulmonary bypass times than nonmetabolic alkalosis patients. By stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, only age (p < .05) and serum chloride concentrations (p < .001) had independent correlations with the development of metabolic alkalosis; both variables had inverse correlations with arterial pH (r2 = .42). Patients with metabolic alkalosis also developed significantly (p < .01 by two tailed Student's t-test) lower serum ionized calcium concentrations (4.2 +/- 0.5 mg/dL [1.05 mmol/L]) as compared with nonmetabolic alkalosis patients (4.6 +/- 0.4 mg/dL [1.15 mmol/L]). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative metabolic alkalosis occurs frequently in children undergoing open-heart surgery. Chloride depletion seems to be the predominant factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic alkalosis. Younger age can serve as a positive predictor for the development of metabolic alkalosis in this subset of patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shock in children with gram-negative bacillary sepsis and Haemophilus influenzae type b sepsis.

To study the incidence of shock in children in association with gram-negative bacillary (GNB) sepsis and Haemophilus influenzae type b sepsis, we reviewed all episodes of septicemia with those organisms in a 10-month period. GNB were isolated from 10.95% and H. influenzae b from 13.8% of the patients whose blood cultures yielded bacteria. Shock occurred in 12.5% of patients with sepsis caused by GNB and in 10.3% of those with H. influenzae b sepsis. Shock occurred more frequently in patients with H. influenzae b sepsis with meningitis (20.6%) and more commonly in those who had GNB sepsis without meningeal involvement (11.4%). GNB sepsis was associated with severe shock and caused death of three of the four patients. Only one of the five patients with shock caused by H. influenzae b had severe shock and died. The good outcome of patients with sepsis and shock caused by H. influenzae may be related to the health status before illness and prompt appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Gram-Negative Bacteria↗