The aqueous penetration of orally administered Ciprofloxacin (CPX) was studied in twenty-two human volunteers undergoing cataract surgery. CPX in a dose of 250 mg, was given p.o. at 12 hourly intervals in 3 groups such that a maximum dose of 0.5 grams was delivered in one group, 1.0 grams in another and 1.5 grams in the last group. A fourth group consisted of 6 individuals who were controls and received lactose tablets. Twelve hours after the last dosing aqueous samples were collected and assayed by the Grove-Randall technique. The aqueous penetration of Ciprofloxacin achieved was 1.51 +/- 0.15 mgL-1 in group II and 2.49 +/- 0.52 mgL-1 in group III. In group I, the aqueous concentration was experimentally indeterminate and the control samples in group IV did not show any antibacterial activity. Divided oral doses of 1.5 grams of CPX were found to produce an aqueous titre up to 2.5 times the MIC of Ps. aeruginosa.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro immunity of rat peritoneal macrophages to Candida albicans.

Phagocytic, germ tube inducing and candidacidal activities were investigated in monolayers of peritoneal macrophages of rats. The phagocytic activities observed in macrophages of the healthy rats in the presence of normal serum, those in the presence of immune serum and of immunized rats in the presence of normal serum were 40%, 45.3% and 44.8% respectively. The percent of macrophages in which intracellular Candida formed germ tubes in the above three situations were 10, 9.59 and 10.19, respectively and the percent of intracellular Candida that formed germ tubes were 6.6, 3.7 and 4.1, respectively. The candidacidal activity observed in the above three sets of macrophages were 5.33%, 22.66% and 19.88%, respectively. Induction of germ tube in C. albicans in supplemented tissue culture medium containing normal serum was 15 per cent. These observations indicate that immunisation/sensitisation of individuals with C. albicans organisms does provide some degree of cell mediated immunity by activating macrophages. This may partly be due to the appearance of specific antibodies. It is likely that this type of immunity can be produced by subclinical infections during invasion by the commensal organism thus preventing further invasion establishment of infection and keeping the organism (C. albicans) in a state of commensalism. However, the degree of immunity so produced is so low that predisposing factors suppress it and allow establishment of infection.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An outbreak of ElTor cholera in rural population of Barmer in Rajasthan State of India, Aug-Sep 1987.

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Cholera↗