The juxtaphrenic peak in upper lobe collapse.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
K R Kattan
Publications and source records attributed to K R Kattan.
The juxtaphrenic peak in upper lobe collapse.
Steeple-shaped shadows adjacent to the diaphragm are common in upper lobe collapse due to a variety of causes. They call attention to upper lobe collapse and should not be considered indicative of intrinsic lower lobe abnormality.
Diaphragm↗
A modified blurred undersubtraction method (BUS) and its applications.
A modification of a previously described method of enhancing radiographs for photography is presented. The mask to be used during photography is produced by exposing a subtraction film with the radiograph and two layers of diffusing glass in between it and the x-ray copier. Various applications for producing other types of masks are also discussed.
Humans↗
The effect of changes in liver volume on the adjacent viscera.
A complex interrelationship exists between the liver and several intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal structures. Recognition of the radiographic effects of changes in liver size, hepatic displacement of other organs and tissues, variations in body build, and changes in the position of the patient can be most important in the differential diagnosis of many diseases.
Aged↗
Calcifications in the liver.
Hepatic calcifications, the most common causes of which are calcified granuloma and hydatid disease, occur infrequently. When present, however, they invariably indicate an abnormality, the nature of which may usually be determined by abdominal ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, or conventional contrast radiography.
Biliary Tract Diseases↗
Asymptomatic mediastinal mass in a 49-year-old man.
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Cysts↗
Case report 105. Bilateral patella cubiti.
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Elbow Joint↗
Presacral space revisited.
Increase in the width of presacral space measurements is considered indicative of disease of the rectum and/or other structures in the pelvis. The traditionally accepted normal width of presacral space is not more than 15 mm. In some normal patients older than 45 years, the presacral space is wider than 15 mm and may even exceed 20 mm.
Female↗
Sitting on the fence in x-ray reporting.
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Humans↗
Two features of the atlas vertebra simulating fractures by tomography.
The bipartite superior joint surface and the pseudonotch of the atlas, although well described in anatomic and radiologic literature, may be mistaken for fractures by tomography. The first may appear as a trough on the superior articular surface of the lateral mass of the atlas. The second, the normal tubercle for insertion of the transverse ligament of the atlas, may look like a separate ossicle or a chip fracture.
Cervical Atlas↗
Backward "displacement" of the spinolaminal line at C2: a normal variation.
The base of the spinous process of C2 may be "displaced" backward in relation to the other vertebrae in some adult patients examined for reasons other than trauma. In 10.2% of normal children, it was 2-3 mm behind a line joining the base of the spinous process of C3 and the inner side of the posterior arch of the atlas. By recognition of this normal variant, an erroneous diagnosis of subluxation is avoided.
Cervical Vertebrae↗
Cardiac rotation in left lower lobe collapse. "The flat waist sign".
Some cases of left lower lobe collapse show slight right anterior oblique rotation of the heart, manifested by loss of the concavity of the left heart border on a perfectly symmetrical posterior-anterior or anterior-posterior projection. This is a useful differential diagnostic sign, because it is not present when the left lower lobe is compressed secondary to left upper lobe emphysema.
Adult↗
The notched articular process of C7 (dorsalization of C7).
The frequency of variation from the standard in the articular processes of C7 is very high (43.9 percent). These variations are: (1) A notch on the back of the superior articular facet. (2) Elongation the the "articular pillary" so that the posterior edge of the inferior articular process of C7 lies backward in relation to the posterior edges of the other cervical articular process. (3) A combination of both. Item 1 should not be mistaken for a fracture and item 2 should not be mistaken for a dislocation. These variants represent a partial dorsalization of C7.
Age Factors↗
Essential knowledge about pitfalls in tomography.
Tomographic cut is not synonymous to a roentgenogram of an anatomic cut. Blurring is inherent in the tomogram, and the edges do not appear as sharp as in the conventional roentgenogram. Part of the contrast is lost in tomography. Therefore, when tissue contrast is low, or when we intend to see an entire structure in one cut, zoneography is preferred. On the other hand, when many details are crowded in a small area and/or when the tissue contrast is high, a thin section tomography is indicated. Proper knowledge of the level of area of interest (focal plane) and proper spacing of the cuts decrease radiation and expenses. The Law of Tangent, namely, "The edge of a structure should be momentarily parallel to the beam at the focal plane, in order to show on the film," is an essential part of every tomographic study. The Law of Tangent applies equally to spheres and other curved surfaces. The effective tomographic angle is the angle described by the tube during exposure. The thickness of the cut depends on the effective tomographic angle. Prior viewing of conventional roentgenogram and proper knowledge of the mechanism of parasitic and phantom images help us to avoid mistaking these images as real structures.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra↗
Thickness of the normal skull in the American Blacks and Whites.
Normal skull thickness has been measured in a general hospital population of 300 blacks and 200 whites in America. In both groups, there is a rapid increase in skull thickness during the first two decades of life, followed by a small uniform increase reaching a peak in the fifth and sixth decades. The sex differences are variable, but in certain age groups the females in both races have significatly thicker parietal and occipital bones than their male counterpart. The frontal bone is thicker in the white male than in the black, and the parietooccipital thicker in the blacks than in the whites. Some suggestions are offered to explain the sex and racial difference noted.
Adolescent↗
Superior mediastinal shift in right-lower-lobe collapse: the "upper triangle sign".
In some patients with right-lower-lobe collapse a triangular shadow was seen in the right upper lung field, continuous with the mediastinum and with its apex pointing toward the right hilus. This represents a shift of the upper anterior mediastinum to the right and may be mistaken for right-upper-lobe collapse or an infiltrate by the unwary observer. This finding, which the authors call the "upper triangle sign," occurs frequently enough in cases of significant right-lower-lobe collapse to be a useful diagnostic sign.
Aged↗