Panic attacks and suicide attempts.
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Comorbidity↗
Biomedical subjects
K R Petronis
Publications and source records attributed to K R Petronis.
Suspected risk factors for depression among adults 18-44 years old.
We examined suspected risk factors for depression among adults ages 18-44 years. The subjects, selected by probability sampling for a multisite collaborative study, were interviewed at baseline and again at follow-up after one year. The risk of major depression was higher for women as compared with men (RR = 1.5), and for the maritally separated or divorced versus all other adults (RR = 1.9), but at lower levels for employed men and women as compared with the unemployed (RR = 0.6). Sex and marital separation or divorce also were associated with increased risk of a less specific and severe depressive syndrome; working for pay was associated with lower risk. In addition, risk of the depressive syndrome was lower for Hispanic Americans versus all other persons (RR = 0.3), and there was an important interaction of age and sex. With increasing age, women were at increasingly higher risk for the depressive syndrome, as compared with men. Finally, the risk of simple depression was higher for women than for men (RR = 1.8), but was not strongly associated with other suspected risk factors under study once sex was taken into account.
Adolescent↗
Epidemiologic evidence on suspected associations between cocaine use and psychiatric disturbances.
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Bipolar Disorder↗
An epidemiologic investigation of potential risk factors for suicide attempts.
This is a report of new research on suicide attempts, based on an analysis of data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area surveys in the United States. Risk of making a suicide attempt during a 1-2 year observation interval in the early 1980s was estimated in relation to selected personal and behavioral attributes of 13,673 study participants who completed baseline and follow-up interviews for these surveys. Being an active case of Major Depression was associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (estimated relative odds, RO = 41; 95% CL = 6.46-262), as was active alcoholism (RO = 18; 95% CL = 2.75-118) and being separated or divorced (RO = 11; 95% CL = 1.64-77). Being a user of cocaine was associated with increased risk of making a suicide attempt (RO = 62; 95% CL = 2.51-1528), but illicit use of marijuana, sedative-hypnotics, or sympathomimetic stimulants was not (P greater than 0.30). Educational achievement was inversely associated with risk of suicide attempt at a marginal level of statistical significance (P = 0.068). These multivariable conditional logistic regression results were obtained by applying a conventional epidemiologic strategy with post-stratification of subjects into homogeneous risk sets. Limitations of the study data and the analytic strategy are discussed in relation to directions for future epidemiologic field surveys.
Adult↗
An epidemiologic investigation of marijuana- and cocaine-related palpitations.
Laboratory studies and anecdotal reports by users suggest that palpitations often follow the administration of marijuana or cocaine. Epidemiologic strategies are used to detect this association using interview data from 6702 household residents sampled and followed prospectively for a collaborative multi-site study of mental disorders in five U.S. communities. The lifetime data indicated that those who used marijuana and/or cocaine were much more likely to report an occurrence of palpitations than non-users. These relationships remained strong after statistical adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors such as gender, race and the use of sympathomimetic drugs other than cocaine. The greater risk was found among those who reported use of cocaine but not marijuana (estimated relative risk = 3.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.60-7.29, P less than 0.001).
Adolescent↗
Epidemiologic evidence on cocaine use and panic attacks.
Experienced drug takers and clinicians report that cocaine causes panic attacks. This claim is supported by laboratory evidence on the pharmacologic activity of the drug. In this paper, the authors have used an epidemiologic strategy to examine the suspected cocaine-panic association, with interview data from 5,896 adult household residents sampled in the early 1980s and followed prospectively for a collaborative multisite study of mental disorders in five US metropolitan areas: New Haven, Connecticut; Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; Durham, North Carolina; and Los Angeles, California. The risk of panic attacks was observed to be greater for identified cocaine users in this sample, as compared with subjects who did not use cocaine during the follow-up interval. The cocaine-panic association remained strong after statistical adjustment for preexisting psychiatric conditions, use of alcohol and marijuana, and suspected sociodemographic risk factors for panic attacks. The risk was greatest among cocaine users who reported no marijuana use during the follow-up interval (estimated relative risk = 13.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.24-75.8). The study also identified other determinants for panic attack, including sex, marital status, employment status, job prestige, major depression, and heavy drinking.
Adult↗
Cocaine and heroin dependence compared: evidence from an epidemiologic field survey.
Analyzing self-report interview data from a multi-site collaborative study of mental disorders in the community, we examined suspected differences between 611 cocaine users and 126 heroin users in relation to indicators of drug dependence. Cocaine users were less likely to report dependence-related problems as compared to heroin users. These epidemiologic sample data underscore concerns about the generalizability of published clinical sample data on self-reported cocaine dependence.
Catchment Area, Health↗