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Biomedical subjects

K R Wolfgram

Publications and source records attributed to K R Wolfgram.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Fetal razor: an aid for scalp sampling.

Scalp sampling to evaluate fetal acid-base status was introduced 20 years ago. In most instances, adequate samples may be obtained without difficulty. Occasionally, however, a region of scalp free of hair cannot be found. As a result, the sample either diffuses along the hairs that are present or clots. Although a "fetal razor" has been incorporated into the kits that are utilized to apply pO2 electrodes to the fetal scalp, none has been devised for routine fetal scalp sampling. We report the modification of a single or double-edged razor for this specific purpose.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1983

Oligohydramnios: ultrasonically detected incidence and subsequent fetal outcome.

Oligohydramnios is a hallmark for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and has been evaluated in populations suspected of having IUGR. We chose to evaluate its incidence in a routine obstetric population. During a 16-month period, ultrasound scans were performed on 1,408 patients. Severe oligohydramnios was identified in six patients (0.43%); Two infants had congenital malformations, and four had severe IUGR. A subset of 317 patients scanned within 2 weeks of delivery was reviewed. Although none of the patients fulfilled our original criterion of oligohydramnios (absence of a pocket of amniotic fluid 1 cm or more in broadest diameter), three of six small-for-gestational age infants had a subjective decrease in amniotic fluid volume for their stated gestational age. By changing the criterion of oligohydramnios to a subjective decrease in amniotic fluid volume, the sensitivity of this ultrasonic marker was increased to 50% and the specificity to 100%. We believe that the semiquantitative assessment of amniotic fluid volume can effectively screen for IUGR and thereby delineate a population, regardless of gestational age, that is at risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Grade 3 placentation: incidence and neonatal outcome.

Although ultrasonically detectable placental changes have been correlated with fetal maturity, the relative incidence of each placental grade at various gestational ages has not been known. During a one-year study period, placental grading was evaluated in 1709 scans performed at 27 weeks' gestation or after. At 40 weeks' gestation or beyond, only about 20% of placentas had extensive calcification (Grannum grade 3). Significant placental calcification was rarely seen before 37 weeks' gestation. Placental grading could not be used to predict postmaturity. The incidence of fetal distress in labor was found to be increased with postmaturity as well as with other pregnancy complications that give rise to premature placental senescence, rather than with grade 3 placentas per se.

Apgar Score↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of three methods for estimating fetal weight.

Three ultrasonic methods for estimating fetal weight (Campbell, Warsof, and Shepard) were compared in 124 singleton pregnancies. Fetal abdominal circumference was obtained by use of a map measurer and from diameter measurements and the equation for the circumference of a circle. Campbell's formula for estimating fetal weight was superior between 2,000 and 4,000 g, whereas Shepard's method was slightly better below 2,000 g and over 4,000 g. Hence, varied fetal anthropometric characteristics make it mandatory that several methods be evaluated by each institution before one is selected. With the methods of Campbell and Shepard, use of diameter measurements and the equation for the circumference of a circle resulted in a more accurate estimated fetal weight than when a map measurer was used.

Adult↗