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Biomedical subjects

K Renner

Publications and source records attributed to K Renner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Changes of the surface proteolytic activity in synchronized Ehrlich ascites tumor cells grown in vivo.

Changes of the cell surface proteolytic activity during the cell cycle in vitro were reported. Using an easy assay, with casein as a substrate, the proteolytic activity on the surface of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells grown in vivo was determined. The cleavage of casein incubated with EAT cells increased linearly for 20 min and permitted reproducible enzyme activity determinations. If the proliferation of exponentially growing EAT cells was partially synchronized by an intraperitoneal bleomycin injection, a significant increase of the surface enzymatic activity was observed in cells with an increased DNA content. This finding supports the results obtained with transformed cells in vitro, indicating that elevated proteolytic surface activity occurs in the late synthesis phase and prior to mitosis. However, the observed effect may also be due to changes of gene expression caused by bleomycin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Growth acceleration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells treated by proteinase in vitro.

Since the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation increases in faster proliferating cell populations, the effects of a mild trypsin and bromelain treatment on the growth rate of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells cultured in vitro were studied. A continuous exposure to proteinase started at the time of cell plating caused a temporary block of DNA synthesis that was followed by an accelerated growth rate 48 h later (approximately 1.5-fold). EAT cells exposed to bromelain and trypsin after completed adaptation to the substratum demonstrated a similar increase of growth 2 days after the beginning of the enzyme treatment. The acceleration of growth was also observed when exposure to proteinase was interrupted after 24 h but the stimulation effect was reversible and continued only 2 days. It is concluded that bromelain and trypsin are able to modify reversibly the growth rate of EAT cell population cultured in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Additional treatment with Esberitox N in patients with chemo-radiotherapy treatment of advanced breast cancer].

A study was made at random on 70 female patients with advanced mamma carcinoma to find out whether an additional treatment with Esberitox N prevents or diminishes the sideeffects of a combined chemo-radiation therapy. As it could not be excluded that the efficacy of Esberitox N on previous affliction by haematotoxic therapy would probably differ, the study was made on various groups of risk. The parameter to form an opinion were either the peripheral hematosis or the appearance of infections. It turned out, however, that Esberitox N proved only effective if there was only a minor damage of the bonemarrow. The efficacy seems to promote the recuperation of the haemapoetic system. There was no significant frequency of infections by the additional Esberitox N treatment, yet in tendency favourably influenced.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

[Humeral head necrosis following irradiation of breast carcinoma. A case report].

Radiation-induced osteoradionecrosis of the ribs and brachial plexus lesions following irradiation of breast cancer patients are well known phenomena and have been reported several times in the literature. Damage to the shoulder joint after irradiation is uncommon. The case of a 75-year-old woman with breast cancer is described; she first developed a brachial plexopathy and then necrosis of the head of humerus after therapy with combined ortho-voltage and high-voltage radiation. The differential diagnosis and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1989

[Prophylactic irradiation of blood components with conventional radiotherapy devices].

The irradiation of blood components is supposed to be the safest way of the graft versus host reaction prophylaxis. The radiotherapy facilities and compact irradiators for blood preparations and biological materials are used for prophylactic irradiations, practically. The radiotherapy machines allow a homogeneous dose application, but need a high organizing effort. The use of compact irradiators is less complicated but the large dose differences can be found in the target volume. There is no agreement about the extent of the prophylactic dose. For radiation biology reasons the application of prophylactic doses between 15 and 50 Gy seems to be justified. A restriction of this range in favor of higher doses can be expected, when newer experimental findings are proven by clinical observations.

Blood↗
PubMed1988

[Supplementary treatment with Esberitox of female patients undergoing curative adjuvant irradiation following breast cancer].

1. The study was supposed to investigate a possible prevention or reduction of the toxicity of radiotherapy by an additional treatment with Esberitox. This question arose when performing an investigation about the effect of Esberitox in a combined chemo-radiotherapy. Whereas the latter induces above all a systemic damage to the hemopoietic system, radiotherapy is a regional noxa. 2. The present prospective, randomized study was conducted with 50 patients submitted to curative adjuvant irradiation following surgery for mammary carcinoma. The radiotherapy was performed in the same way in all patients with irradiations of the thoracic wall and the regional lymph nodes. Two groups were built by randomization. The study group received an additional treatment with Esberitox, the control group did not receive an additional treatment. 3. As a result, no protective influence of Esberitox could be demonstrated. The parameters investigated were the peripheral blood count (leucocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and the incidence of infections. 4. This result diverging from literature is discussed. It is probably affected by volume and extension of the injury induced by a hematotoxic noxa and furthermore by the ability of regeneration. If this ability is exhausted, the protective effect of Esberitox can act no longer. Therefore the essential factor seems to be the duration of exposure to the noxa. Esberitox was effective in case of a short toxicity, it was ineffective in case of prolonged toxicity, if the treatment continuity (noxa) was not broken up by some regeneration intervals. The radiotherapy studied in this trial had a duration of 50 days, and its effect was that of a longterm injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on serotonin1 and serotonin2 receptors throughout the rat central nervous system using quantitative autoradiography.

The effects of the serotonin neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), on serotonin1 (5-HT1) and 5-HT2 receptors were investigated using the high degree of resolution provided by quantitative autoradiography in an effort to determine the synaptic location of these receptors. 5,7-DHT treatment resulted in a decrease in 5-HT1 binding in the dentate gyrus and CA3c/4 of the anterior hippocampus and in the dorsal raphe nucleus, whereas no changes were observed in the posterior hippocampus nor in many other brain structures. 5-HT2 receptors exhibited no changes in any brain area examined in response to 5,7-DHT treatment, despite over 90% serotonin depletion in most of the forebrain nuclei examined. The results indicate that at least some of the 5-HT1 sites labelled by [3H]5-HT in the hippocampus and dorsal raphe nucleus are presynaptic, whereas 5-HT2 receptors are probably postsynaptic. In addition, the distribution profiles of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 binding sites were compared in the rat central nervous system at various anatomical levels. 5-HT1 binding sites were identified using [3H]5-HT, while 5-HT2 binding sites were labelled with [3H]ketanserin. Both receptor subtypes displayed distinctly different localization patterns, which, in most cases was the inverse of the other pattern. In the brainstem it is significant that 5-HT2 receptors are concentrated in the facial nucleus and the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, areas known to influence head and facial movement. The serotonin-mediated head-shake response occurs when 5-HT2 receptors are activated. In contrast, 5-HT1 receptors are distributed throughout the brainstem and in specific portions of the spinal cord. These areas are thought to control the serotonin behavioral syndrome and this behavior is 5-HT1A-mediated. All raphe nuclei were devoid of 5-HT2 receptors; only 5-HT1 receptor were found in these nuclei. Correlations with serotonin terminal distribution patterns are discussed. The pattern of 5-HT2 receptor distribution was also compared with the pattern of alpha 1 receptors, using [3H]prazosin in order to determine whether [3H]ketanserin significantly labels alpha 1 receptors. Although some similarities exist, overlap of binding did not occur in other nuclei, indicating that alpha 1 contamination of this system is probably negligible.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1987

Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in discrete hypothalamic areas of the rat brain: relation to circulating corticosterone.

We examined the influence of adrenalectomy (ADX), and chronic corticosterone (CORT) replacement, on serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in discrete hypothalamic areas of the rat brain. A significant decrease in 5-HT (-25%) and 5-HIAA (-28%) content was observed in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) 7 days following ADX. A similar decrease in 5-HT levels (-27%) was observed in the preoptic area (POM) following ADX. In contrast, 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) were significantly elevated by 82% and 54%, respectively. Replacement therapy with subcutaneous CORT implants (200 mg) was effective in preventing these effects of ADX in some cases. These findings suggest that the pituitary-adrenal endocrine system may influence various physiological and behavioral functions via its action on serotonergic neurons within specific hypothalamic sites.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of temporal and dose-dependent effects of estrogen on monoamines in brain nuclei.

Levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) were measured in hypothalamic and limbic nuclei of ovariectomized rats after various doses of estradiol and at various intervals after estradiol administration. Of 13 areas examined, time- and dose-dependent effects of estrogen on monoamine content were restricted to only a few, discrete areas which concentrate estradiol. Subcutaneous administration of 1-50 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB) and measurement of monoamines 24 h later was associated with dose-dependent increases of NE in the medial preoptic nucleus, diagonal band nucleus and periventricular area of the anterior hypothalamus, and increased levels of DA in the periventricular area of the preoptic area. No changes were found in 5-HT levels, but dose-dependent increases in the level of the 5-HT metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), were measured in the lateral portion of the ventromedial nucleus. Effects of 5 micrograms of EB were evaluated at 1.5, 6, 12 and 45 h after administration. No changes were noted at 1.5 h, but 5-HIAA in the ventromedial nucleus was elevated at 6 and 12 h. NE levels were elevated at 12 and 45 h in the diagonal band and preoptic nuclei and at 45 h in the lateral septum and periventricular area of the hypothalamus. DA levels decreased in the arcuate-median eminence area 45 h after estrogen. Intravenous administration of 10 micrograms of estrogen and measurement of monoamines 1 h later was not associated with altered levels of any monoamine suggesting that the estrogen-dependent changes are consistent with the genomic model for steroid hormone action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amygdala↗
PubMed1986

Properties of the initial reaction of bleomycin and several of its metal complexes with Ehrlich cells.

Characteristics of the reaction of bleomycin-A2 (BLM) and several of its metal complexes with Ehrlich cells in culture are described. Short incubation of BLM and Fe(III)-, Cu-, Zn-, and CdBLM with Ehrlich cells effectively inhibits cell proliferation. There is a sharp break at 30 min in the dependence of cytotoxicity upon time of exposure of cells to these forms of the drug. Qualitatively, the same curve can be generated by sequential additions of CoCl2 to cells during their first hour of incubation with BLM or Fe(III)BLM. The cobalt salt has less effect on CuBLM. The kinetics of initiation of the effect are directly correlated with the rapid kinetics of uptake of [3H]BLM by cells. Measurements of the initial rate of association of drug with cells as a function of extracellular BLM concentration suggest that a binding step is involved, for the rate of association approaches a maximal velocity at large concentrations of BLM. Uptake leads to both specific and nonspecific binding of tritium label; however, very little BLM gets into these cells. The internal concentration is estimated to be less than that in the external medium. BLM and its Fe(III) and copper complexes are taken up by Ehrlich cells to the same general extent after 60 min incubation; the cellular uptake of CoBLM is 25-50 times higher. Even the distributions of Fe(III)-, Cu-, and metal-free BLM within cytosol are comparable. A fraction binds to macromolecules; the rest appears unbound in low molecular weight fractions. The binding of [3H]BLM to cells cannot be reversed by incubation of labeled cells in drug-free medium or in media containing large concentrations of cold BLM.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intrahypothalamic 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine: temporal analysis of effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine content in brain nuclei and on facilitated lordosis behavior.

The long-term relationship between serotonin (5-HT) levels in discrete hypothalamic nuclei and female rat sexual behavior, the lordosis response, was examined following intrahypothalamic injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). One week following 5,7-DHT injection, 5-HT levels in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the medial preoptic nucleus were approximately 90% depleted as compared to sham animals. Other hypothalamic and preoptic areas including the arcuate-median eminence, vertical nucleus of diagonal band and lateral septal nucleus showed smaller reductions in 5-HT, from 40 to 70% of sham values. At this time estrogen-dependent lordosis behavior in the lesioned group was facilitated. Behavioral facilitation was greatest at 4 weeks post lesion when depletion of 5-HT in the VMN was maximal. 5-HT levels increased at 57 days after 5,7-DHT treatment in most areas, and by 71 days post lesion, no significant differences in 5-HT levels were found between sham and 5,7-DHT-treated groups. Concomitant with the increases in 5-HT, facilitated lordosis behavior gradually decreased. Loss of behavioral facilitation appeared to be most closely related to increases in content of 5-HT in the ventromedial nucleus. These results further support the hypothesis that 5-HT endings in the hypothalamus exert tonic inhibitory regulation over hormone-dependent lordosis in the female rat. They also indicate that regenerating 5-HT fibers in the hypothalamus can reinstate a normal pattern of hormone-dependent behavioral function.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of remission of progressive tumors treated with a simultaneous combination of radiation and platinum therapy].

UNLABELLED: Since January 1982, we have treated in a phase-II study 28 patients with a low-dose cis-platinum therapy combined with radiotherapy. We wanted to study the effect of reduced doses of cis-diamino-dichloroplatinum (II) in three different dose patterns: 1. "higher" dosage (150 mg/m2 within six weeks), single dose: 25 mg/m2 one time per treatment week), 2. "medium" dosage (80 mg/m2 within six weeks), single dose: 20 mg/m2 two times weekly during the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth treatment week, 3. "lower" dosage (75 mg/m2 within six weeks), single dose: 12.5 mg/m2 three times weekly during the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth treatment week. In one patient group the simultaneous radiotherapy was performed with a tumoricide dose of 2 Gy single dose with 4 fractions per week in two series (first series about 40 to 48 Gy tumor dose, pause of three to four weeks, second series about 16 Gy focal dose). The other group received palliative radiation doses (10 to 35 Gy tumor dose in one series), and the total platinum doses were lower corresponding to the shorter irradiation time. All patients were in advanced or recurrent stages of the disease. They suffered from different carcinomas and sarcomas with measurable parameters of response. RESULTS: 1. Manifestations beyond the irradiation field showed no remission. Within the irradiation field, all cases responded (CR/PR) for at least two months. 2. There was no reliable dependence from the platinum dose. A tendency in favor of higher single doses could be supposed. The response of even extreme palliative cases with low radiation and platinum doses was surprising. Limitating toxicities were not observed.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1984

[Adjuvant therapy in breast cancer (high risk). Randomized study: radiotherapy versus combination radiotherapy and chemotherapy].

108 patients with high risk stage of a mammary carcinoma (four or more positive axillary lymph nodes) were submitted after surgery to a prospectively randomized study: a postirradiation in three series with additional administration of tamoxifen was opposed to a reduced-dose irradiation and subsequent simultaneous combination of polychemotherapy and irradiation. In patients with an age of less than 50 years, the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy caused a significant prolongation of the recurrence-free interval (greater than 57 months versus 12,75 months). The comparison with literature shows that an average interval of 39.1 months without recurrences for the total group of patients treated with combination therapy corresponds to the result of a high-dose adjuvant CMF therapy. With respect to mean life expectancy, there was no significant difference between both groups of randomization.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Radiation therapy of humeroscapular periarthritis (author's transl)].

The effectiveness of radiation therapy in 233 cases with periarthritis humeroscapularis is reviewed in a prospective study from the Basel canton hospital. The patients are studied with regard to different parameters, such as duration of the anamnesis, importance of the dose, moment of evaluation of the results and influence of a 2-series technique. The total result, comprising 43.3% cases without complaints, 30.9% being better, and 25.8% whose troubles had not changed, is compared with the compiled statistical data of 4957 cases found in literature. The gonadal load is discussed on the basis of our own investigations.

Gonads↗
PubMed1978

[Study on hematological toxicity in irradiation and ICRF 159 combination treatment during experimentation on animals with particular consideration of long-term effects (author's transl)].

Experiments on animals are utilized for the control of hematological toxicity in sound NMRI mice during and after fractionated ICRF 159 therapy, fractionated whole-body irradiation and a combination of both. In the course of the 32-day therapeutic phase, and also during the total follow-up period lasting 196 days, continual determination of leukocytes and thrombocytes was performed. Leukocyte and thrombocyte depression is related to radiation effects during the phase of therapy and subsequently. In the later period of follow-up, however, hematological toxicity developed by ICRF 159 is higher than that produced by irradiation. Early and late effects of the preparation must be distinguished therefore. The thrombocytopenic effect is altogether less pronounced than the leukocytopenic effect. Here, too, the thrombocytopenic action of ICRF 159 appears in the course of the late phase only, but then more distinctly. The present results are discussed and compared to hitherto existing observations from animal experimentation and from clinical findings described in literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Problems of vascular injuries at a large industrial-accident hospital (19 year experiences at the industrial-accident hospital Vienna XII)].

This report covers 213 vessel injuries out of 840 000 injuries through accident. Even considering that these are mostly cases of polytrauma, the results could be improved significantly. This however, only under the condition that all traumatologists and surgeons active in traumatology receive practical training in vessel surgery.

Accidents, Occupational↗