K Rojahn | PubMed Health

PubMed2004

[Secondary individual prevention and rehabilitation in female hairdressers suffering from skin diseases].

The risk of contracting occupational skin diseases is highest in hairdressers. A job-specific secondary prevention programme was created to enable hairdressers to stay on the job despite their skin problems. The effect of this prevention programme on both, the severity of skin disorders and the hairdressers' behaviour regarding skin protection are evaluated in this paper. Between 1997 and 2002 a total of 2437 hairdressers participated in the programme. Complete data for the evaluation are available for 635 hairdressers (26 %). This selection is partly due to the fact that the evaluation is restricted to certain regions in Germany. The percentage of hairdressers with severe skin symptoms dropped from 49 % at the start of the rehabilitation programme to 11 % after completion of the programme. The proportion of hairdressers using gloves and applying skin care doubled. Therefore the rehabilitation programme appears to be successful regarding the ability of hairdressers to cope with skin problems.

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PubMed1992

Memory for schema-relevant information: a meta-analytic resolution.

The research on memory for schema-relevant information has produced sharply contradictory results. Some studies demonstrate memory selectivity for schema-consistent information, others demonstrate memory selectivity for schema-inconsistent information. Meta-analytic procedures are applied to a sample of 60 independent studies with 165 comparative tests. The overall result shows a slight overall memory advantage for schema-inconsistent information. As the effect sizes are highly heterogeneous, it was hypothesized that schema-based processing is moderated by an array of variables. In large part the direction of the effect is dependent on the memory measure used. Both recognition tests corrected for guessing and recall tests reveal consistently better memory for schema-inconsistent information. But recognition tests uncorrected for guessing consistently uncover better memory for schema-consistent information. In addition, several moderators derived from Wyer & Srull's (1989) Associative Network model of person memory influence the amount of inconsistent information recalled. Processing demands, length of exposure to inconsistent information, delay between presentation of the stimulus and the memory test, proportion of inconsistent items, order of schema-presentation, degree of inconsistency and importance of categories to subjects all had significant impacts on inconsistency resolution. Most of these moderator effects support the Wyer-Srull model; but several of its contentions are called into question. In particular, inconsistency resolution emerges as a more robust consequence than schema-bolstering of longer stimulus exposure and delays between exposure and memory test. The results are compared with a similar meta-analysis, then discussed in relation to the possibilities for stereotype change.

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