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Biomedical subjects

K Rosenthal

Publications and source records attributed to K Rosenthal.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Megaesophagus in nine ferrets.

Megaesophagus was diagnosed in 9 adult ferrets. Clinical history of the ferrets included regurgitation, difficulty in swallowing, partial anorexia, and lethargy. Cachexia, dehydration, weakness, and ptyalism were observed on physical examination. Radiography revealed the esophagus of each ferret to be dilated in the thoracic and cervical regions. Of 4 ferrets that had lymphocytopenia, 2 had concurrent leukopenia. Serum biochemical analysis revealed high activity of alanine transaminase (4 ferrets) and aspartate transaminase (3), and hypoglycemia (4). Treatment included administration of fluid, antibiotics, and agents directed against possible primary causes of megaesophagus. Treatments were ineffective, and all of the ferrets died or were euthanatized. All 6 ferrets that were submitted for necropsy had bronchopneumonia, hepatic lipidosis, mild esophagitis, and gastritis. The etiopathogenesis of megaesophagus in the ferrets was not determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Ferrets.

This article addresses the common ferret diseases encountered by the veterinarian. An introductory section familiarizes the veterinarian with management and preventive health aspects of the pet ferret. Associated clinical techniques are described. Diseases most frequently seen in pet ferrets are discussed.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1992

Monoclonal antibodies to the extracellular domain of HIV-1IIIB gp160 that neutralize infectivity, block binding to CD4, and react with diverse isolates.

Ten monoclonal antibodies prepared against a soluble, recombinant form of gp160, derived from the IIIB isolate of HIV-1, were characterized. Four of the antibodies neutralized HIV-1IIIB infectivity in vitro, three blocked the binding of recombinant gp120 to CD4, three were reactive with gp41, and one preferentially reacted with an epitope on gp120 within the gp160 precursor. All three CD4 blocking antibodies bound to distinct epitopes, with one mapping to the C1 domain, one mapping to the C4 domain, and one reactive with a conformation-dependent, discontinuous epitope. Of these, the antibody reactive with the discontinuous epitope exhibited neutralizing activity against homologous and heterologous strains of HIV-1. The binding of these monoclonal antibodies to a panel of seven recombinant gp120s prepared from diverse isolates of HIV-1 was measured, and monoclonal antibodies with broad cross reactivity were identified. The epitopes recognized by 7 of the 10 monoclonal antibodies studied were localized by their reactivity with synthetic peptides and with fragments of gp120 expressed as fusion proteins in a lambda gt-11 gp160 epitope library.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Agreement study between two laboratories of immunofluorescence as a confirmatory test for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody screening.

A total of 114 serum specimens from 76 blood donors, 21 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related complex, 7 multiply transfused patients, 3 hemophiliacs, and 7 others were tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot (WB) and then blindly tested by immunofluorescence (IF), independently, in two separate laboratories. The IF technique used acetone-fixed HIV-1-infected E cells and uninfected HUT-78 cells mixed at a 1:3 ratio in one spot on a glass slide and uninfected HUT-78 cells (to assess nonspecific fluorescence) alone in a second spot. Of 114 serum specimens, 85 were repeat EIA positive, and 21 of these were WB positive. A total of 129 of 134 of the IF results (included were 20 duplicates) were identical between laboratories, for a Kappa agreement statistic of 0.93. All five IF results discordant between laboratories were EIA repeat positive and WB negative. Included in the study were eight WB-indeterminate sera, of which five blood donor serum specimens and one hemophiliac serum specimen were IF negative and two acquired immune deficiency syndrome serum specimens were IF positive. As a confirmatory test for HIV-1 antibodies, IF provided a faster alternative or supplementary test for confirming EIA results.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1988

Sensitization and tolerance to apomorphine in men: yawning, growth hormone, nausea, and hyperthermia.

This study investigated whether the indices of dopaminergic function, yawning and growth hormone release induced by apomorphine, as well as the drug-induced nausea and hyperthermia, show sensitization or tolerance to repeated injections. Five normal volunteers received 12 injections of apomorphine hydrochloride (0.75 mg/70 kg) every 2 weeks. Yawning, as measured by the latency of onset and the time of peak activity, showed sensitization. The growth hormone response showed no change. Feelings of nausea and hyperthermia showed tolerance to repeated injections. These findings suggest that yawning may be a suitable index of dopaminergic function in studies of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Characterization and epitope mapping of a human monoclonal antibody reactive with the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus.

A human monoclonal antibody (IgG2, lambda), 1B8.env, was produced, reactive with the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The antibody specifically stains cells infected with HIV, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence analysis and reacts with determinants displayed on the surface of infected cells. In Western blot analysis, the antibody reacts with bands of 160 and 41 kD, consistent with the precursor and transmembrane forms of the HIV envelope glycoprotein. The antibody also reacts specifically in immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis with cells infected with the recombinant vaccinia virus VSC-25, which contains the envelope gene of HIV. With the lambda gt11 expression vector, the epitope recognized by 1B8.env was mapped to a region of 11 amino acids in the coding region of gp41. This domain is highly conserved between several otherwise highly variable HIV isolates. In addition, this epitope appears to be recognized by the vast majority of HIV seropositive individuals. Although antibody IB8.env does not neutralize HIV virion infectivity or virally mediated cell fusion, the results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of generating and characterizing human monoclonal antibodies to HIV with these techniques. Additional antibodies produced in this manner will help to further characterize the humoral response to HIV infection, define biologically significant determinants on HIV proteins, and may be useful in clinical applications.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Regulation of lymphoblast traffic and localization in mucosal tissues, with emphasis on IgA.

A fundamentally important factor in the expression of immunity at mucosal sites is the migration of primed lymphocytes to, from, and among mucosal tissues. Despite considerable information in recent years on the selective localization of B lymphoblasts, especially those destined to make IgA antibodies in mucosal tissues, the basis for this remains obscure. Several cell-associated factors such as surface characteristics, histo-compatibility type, and organ derivation of the cells play a significant role for T and B lymphoblast localization. Factors that regulate lymphoblast delivery to tissues, such as blood flow, or control emigration from tissues, such as arachidonic acid metabolites, are discussed. Finally, factors such as the presence or absence of high endothelial venules, isotype-specific T helper cells, sex hormones, antigen, macrophages, and iron all may play a significant role in mucosal lymphoblast localization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gene rearrangement in cells with natural killer activity and expression of the beta-chain of the T-cell antigen receptor.

The mammalian host defence system can be divided broadly into adaptive and non-adaptive immunity. Adaptive immunity is acquired and is mediated by B and T lymphocytes. Non-adaptive immunity is mediated in part by a small subclass of heterogeneous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This population, termed null cells, consists of haematopoietic precursors and cells mediating natural killer (NK) activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK cells are a class of non-adherent, non-phagocytic, rapidly cytotoxic lymphocytes which can efficiently lyse a wide variety of tumour cells, virally infected cells and immature cell types of normal origin. Despite the broad range of targets, only a limited number of specificities are thought to be involved in target-cell recognition. Morphologically, NK cells are large granular lymphocytes, but they have been shown to exhibit cell-surface markers characteristic of both T cells and monocytes, raising doubt over their lineage. The recent cloning of the beta-chain of the T-cell antigen receptor has now allowed us to investigate whether some NK cells are T-cell-related. We have examined rearrangement and expression of the beta-chain of the T-cell receptor in cloned murine NK cell lines and fresh murine NK cell populations, and our results support the hypothesis that a subpopulation of NK cells is related to T cells and provide basis for examining whether some NK activity is mediated by a small number of T-cell receptors.

Animals↗