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Biomedical subjects

K S Dhillon

Publications and source records attributed to K S Dhillon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Bioavailability of selenium to forage crops in a sandy loam soil amended with Se-rich plant materials.

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the bioavailability of selenium (Se) to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) fodders in a sandy loam soil amended with different levels of Se-rich wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and raya (Brassica juncea L. Czern) straw containing 53.3 and 136.7microg Seg(-1), respectively. Each of the fodder crops was grown after incorporation of Se-rich materials either individually or in a sequence - sorghum-maize-berseem by incorporating Se-rich straws only to the first crop. Application of Se-rich straws to each crop, even at the greatest rate of 1%, did not have any detrimental effect on dry matter yield of different crops. With increase in the level of wheat straw from 0% to 1%, Se content in sorghum and maize plants increased to greatest level of 1.3 and 1.5microg g(-1), respectively, at 0.3% of applied straw and thereafter it decreased consistently. In case of raya straw, the greatest Se content in sorghum (2.3microg g(-1)) and maize (3.0microg g(-1)) was recorded at 0.3% and 0.4% of the applied straw, respectively. Unlike sorghum and maize fodders, Se content in all the four cuts of berseem continued to increase with increase in the level of applied straws and for different cuts of berseem it varied from 1.6 to 2.3 and 3.4 to 4.3microg g(-1) in case of wheat and raya straw, respectively. Similar variations in Se content of different fodder crops were recorded when these were grown in the sequence - sorghum-maize-berseem; but Se content was 2-4 times lower than when each crop was grown with fresh application of Se-rich straw. None of the fodders absorbed Se in levels toxic for animal consumption (>5microg g(-1)) even at the greatest level of applied straw. Of the total Se added through Se-rich straws, utilization of Se was not more than 2% in case of sorghum and maize crops and up to 5% in case of berseem. At the time of sowing of sorghum, hot water soluble Se (HWS-Se) in soils treated with different levels of Se-rich wheat and raya straw, respectively, varied from 18 to 36 and 18 to 79microg kg(-1). Whereas in case of berseem, it varied from 33 to 101 and 33 to 154microg kg(-1), respectively. HWS-Se present at the sowing time of berseem was significantly correlated with Se content of all the four cuts in the soil treated with Se-rich straws; the coefficients of correlation 'r' varied between 0.79 (p0.05) and 0.99 (p0.001). Selenium-rich materials supplied significant amounts of S, P and micronutrients to the growing fodder crops. These investigations suggest that Se-rich raya and wheat straw may be disposed off safely in soils used for growing fodders.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2004

Dietary selenium intake by men and women in high and low selenium areas of Punjab.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the selenium intake of adults residing in high and low selenium areas of rural Punjab. DESIGN: All food samples consumed by the subjects were collected and analysed for selenium content. Based on food intake data and selenium content of foods, the selenium intake of the subjects was calculated. Hair, fingernails and urine samples from a sub-sample of subjects were collected and analysed for selenium. SETTING: Three villages from the selenium-endemic area of Nawan Shahr District and two villages from the non-endemic area of Ludhiana District, Punjab, India, were covered. SUBJECTS: Forty families from each of the two areas, with one adult male and one adult female in the age range of 20-40 years, were surveyed. Thus a total of 80 men and 80 women constituted the study sample. RESULTS: In the selenium-endemic area, the average selenium intake of both men and women was more than nine times that in the non-endemic area and exceeded the maximum tolerable limit in more than 60% of men. Mean selenium content of the hair, nails and urine of both men and women was tens of times higher than in the non-endemic area. CONCLUSIONS: High selenium intake in the endemic area resulted in high selenium content in the hair, nails and urine of men and women. In addition, clinical symptoms of selenium toxicity were also observed in some of the subjects. Selenium intake in the non-endemic area was marginally below the suggested value. Based on the study results, steps need to be taken to educate the public in the endemic area to avoid selenium toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with pathological fracture.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an intriguing condition. Routine automated biochemical screening has made the diagnosis commonplace in developed countries and the disease is diagnosed early in its course when it is often asymptomatic. In developing countries or in recent immigrants from these countries, PHPT is often seen in an advanced stage with bone involvement. Associated dietary deficiencies may alter the biochemical profile and cause a diagnostic dilemma. It is important to include it in the differential diagnosis of pathological fractures. We report three cases of PHPT presenting with pathological fractures and discuss their diagnosis and management.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Postoperative deep-vein thrombosis in Asian patients is not a rarity: a prospective study of 88 patients with no prophylaxis.

Postoperative deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is believed to be rare in Asians. We studied 88 consecutive patients in Malaysia who had operations for fracture of the proximal femur or for total hip or knee replacement. No patient had prophylaxis against DVT; bilateral ascending venography was performed between six and ten days after operation. A total of 55 patients (62.5%) showed venographic evidence of DVT. The prevalence was greatest after total knee replacement (76.5%), less after total hip replacement (64.3%) and smallest in the fracture group (50%). One patient developed symptomatic pulmonary embolism. In contrast to other reports from Asia, we found an incidence of postoperative DVT which is similar to that reported in Western populations. This suggests that the present practice of withholding routine prophylaxis against thromboembolism in Asian patients undergoing high-risk orthopaedic procedures should be reconsidered.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The incidence of post-operative wound infection in orthopaedic surgery.

With the increase in the number of orthopaedic surgeons and the aggressive marketing by manufacturing companies, high technology orthopaedic surgery is being more frequently carried out in Malaysia. Post-operative sepsis complicating this type of surgery can have disastrous consequences. No data is available in this country on the incidence of post-operative infection in Orthopaedic Surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of post-operative infection. A retrospective survey of 703 patients undergoing elective Orthopaedic Surgery in the year 1991 was carried out. We found an overall post-operative infection rate of 6.8% and a deep infection rate of 3.3%. This figure of 3.3% is higher than the internationally accepted figure of less than 2%. A need for ongoing surveillance and concerned effort to reduce the infection rate is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fatal Chromobacterium violaceum septicaemia.

A 19-year-old Malay male succumbed to a septicaemia caused by Chromobacterium violaceum 11 days after onset of illness. The organism is a common soil saprophyte and may be considered as contaminant on culture. It is essential to recognise its clinical significance in purulent processes so that appropriate therapy can be instituted. We report the first fatal case of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Early results of total knee replacements: "a clinical and radiological evaluation".

From March 1986 to June 1992, 100 primary total knee arthroplasties were done in 69 patients. The demographic data and complications were analysed in these 69 patients. The first 50 knees with a minimal follow-up of one year (range 1-6 years) were analysed in more detail according to the International Knee Society Rating System. Detailed radiological evaluation was also carried out to assess positioning of the components. There were 79 knees with osteoarthritis, 20 knees with rheumatoid arthritis and one with Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus (SLE). The knee score was poor in all knees pre-operatively. Post-operatively 78% had good to excellent score and the other 22% had fair knee score. However the functional score remained poor in 50% of the knees. Ideal tibio-femoral alignment was obtained in 68% of the knees. Twenty four percent of the knees had 0.4 degrees of varus and eight percent had 10-12 degrees valgus. Complication rate was low with 1% of infection (one knee). Overall early results were satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the thigh.

To our knowledge extraosseous osteosarcoma has not been reported in the Malaysian literature. We report a case of extraosseous osteosarcoma which was treated by intra-arterial chemotherapy, embolization, wide resection of tumour and salvage of limb with good functional result.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Delayed management of fracture of the lateral humeral condyle in children.

Thirty-nine displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children were followed for an average of 5 (2-5) years. The results were evaluated from functional and cosmetic aspects. Patients treated within 2 weeks by open reduction and internal fixation did well. Those operated on after 6 weeks did not do better than nonoperated on cases. Complications included cubitus varus and valgus deformities, osteonecrosis, nonunion and malunion, and loss of motion. We recommend that patients presenting late be left alone and any sequelae evaluated at a late stage.

Bone Wires↗
PubMed1982

Role of free radicals in catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy.

Effects of an antioxidant, vitamin E, and a membrane stabilizing agent, zinc, were examined on the isoproterenol-induced changes in the rat myocardium. Isoproterenol treatment (80 mg/kg given over 2 days in two equal doses) caused arrhythmias and 25% mortality within 24 h of the last injection. The ultrastructural changes in the subendocardium and in focal areas of the subepicardium included swelling of mitochondria, loss of myofibrils, cell necrosis, fibrosis, and infiltration of the affected areas by polymorphonucleocytes. Both creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate levels were markedly decreased in hearts from isoproterenol-treated animals. Pretreatment of the animals with vitamin E (10 mg X kg-1 X day -1 for 2 weeks) or zinc (10 mg/kg ZnSO4, twice a day for 7 days) prevented these deleterious effects of isoproterenol. Animals maintained on vitamin E deficient diet for 8 weeks were found to be more sensitive to isoproterenol-induced changes and this increased sensitivity was reversed by a 2-week feeding of the animals on the normal diet coupled with vitamin E treatment. Based on the data obtained in this study it is proposed that catecholamine-induced changes may involve free radicals, which by promoting lipid peroxidation may increase membrane permeability and lead to the development of cardiomyopathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Myocardial cell damage and cardiovascular changes due to i.v. infusion of adrenochrome in rats.

In vivo effects of adrenochrome (1-32 mg/kg), an oxidation product of catecholamines, on the heart ultrastructure, ECG and blood pressure were studied in rats over a period of 60 min following a single i.v. injection of the drug. One milligram of the drug had no influence on the myocardium or the cardiovascular system, whereas maximum changes in these parameters were recorded at 32 mg/kg of adrenochrome. The maximum structural damage, reached within 5-10 min, included marked swelling of mitochondria and sarcotubular system, intracellular and perinuclear oedema, hypercontraction of myofibrils and partial separation of the intercalated disc. Ultrastructural changes in the myocardium due to 4 and 8 mg of adrenochrome were not accompanied by any cardiovascular effects and the changes were fully reversed within 60 min of the injection of the drug. However, at 16 and 32 mg/kg of adrenochrome both heart rate and blood pressure were depressed within 5 min of drug administration. At these concentrations of adrenochrome arrhythmias, mainly due to premature ventricular contractions, were also noticed. Ultrastructural and cardiovascular changes seen at these higher concentrations of adrenochrome showed only a partial recovery. The data indicates that adrenochrome-induced ultrastructural changes in the heart are due to a direct myocardial effect of the drug which may not involve haemodynamic changes and the latter are most probably a consequence of this effect. However, the present study has not been able to rule out direct vascular effects at higher concentrations of adrenochrome.

Adrenochrome↗
PubMed1981

Protective effect of sulfinpyrazone against catecholamine metabolite adrenochrome-induced arrhythmias.

Single intravenous injection of adrenochrome (10 to 50 mg/kg body weight), an oxidation product of catecholamines, has been shown to induce arrhythmias and cause death in anesthetized rats in a dose-dependent manner. Sulfinpyrazone, which is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, was found to protect animals from these adrenochrome effects. It is suggested that sudden death due to arrhythmias in patients following the first attack of myocardial infarction of during other stressful situations may be linked to the formation of adrenochrome from abnormally high catecholamine levels in blood. Furthermore, results presented here also suggest that the reduction in the mortality rate of patients on sulfinpyrazone therapy may involve an antiarrhythmic property of the drug.

Adrenochrome↗