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Biomedical subjects

K S Krishnamoorthy

Publications and source records attributed to K S Krishnamoorthy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and phenobarbital.

We enrolled 280 intubated babies with birth weights of less than 1,751 g in a double-blind randomized prospective clinical trial to evaluate whether phenobarbital influences the likelihood of developing subependymal-intraventricular-intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Phenobarbital was associated with an increased risk of developing any subependymal-intraventricular-intraparenchymal hemorrhage and was not associated with a diminished risk of either severe hemorrhage or germinal matrix hemorrhage. This increased risk was apparent even after we considered the influence of phenobarbital levels, timing of phenobarbital administrations, institutional differences, quality of ultrasound scans, gestational age- and birth weight-specific effects, ascertainment bias, and other possible confounders of phenobarbital administration.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1984

Neurodevelopmental outcome of survivors with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus following Grade II neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage.

This report describes the neurodevelopmental outcome in 12 children who developed posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus following Grade II intraventricular hemorrhage. Grade II intraventricular hemorrhage is defined as the partial filling of both lateral ventricles by intraventricular blood, documented by computed tomographic brain scan. Characteristics of the study group included a mean birth weight of 1.8 kg and a mean gestation of 32.3 weeks. Subjects were followed for three to seven years (mean, four and one-half years). Neurological evaluations were conducted prospectively. Bayley's Scales of Infant Development and McCarthy's Scales of Children's Abilities were used for the psychometric evaluations. All children were ambulatory. Only 1 had moderate spastic diplegia. Nine children (75%) had IQ scores within the normal range. The results of this prospective analysis suggest a favorable outcome for infants surviving with Grade II intraventricular hemorrhage, even with the complication of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1983

Pyridoxine-dependency seizure: report of a rare presentation.

A child developed minor motor seizures at the age of 14 months accompanied by an abnormal electroencephalogram showing single spikes and polyspikes over the vertex and frontocentral regions. Seizures continued until the age of 22 months despite administration of several standard anticonvulsants. At age 22 months, pyridoxine, 75 mg daily, was initiated and anticonvulsants were discontinued. Both the seizures and the electroencephalographic abnormality have disappeared over the ensuing 20 months with pyridoxine therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Phenytoin-induced choreoathetosis in infancy: case reports and a review.

Three cases of choreoathetosis which developed during phenytoin therapy in children less than 2 years of age are described. The most striking clinical manifestations included the sudden onset of restlessness and agitation with superimposed choreoathetosis. None of these children had toxic levels of phenytoin in the blood. Discontinuation of phenytoin resulted in prompt cessation of the symptoms. Phenytoin-induced choreoathetosis should be a diagnostic consideration in children with a preexisting CNS insult who manifest violent choreoathetosis during therapy for seizure control. This consideration is especially pertinent in the pediatric intensive care unit, where other more common causes of agitation could be misdiagnosed.

Athetosis↗
PubMed1981

Dysmaturation in infants of mothers with myotonic dystrophy.

We examined the pathologic findings in four infants of mothers with myotonic dystrophy. Four of the anomalies present in these infants (nesidioblastosis, renal blastema, cryptorchidism, and patent ductus arteriosus) represent persistence of fetal organ structures or configurations. We suggest that a maturational defect may be present not only in muscle, but also in other tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Survival, cost of hospitalization, and prognosis in infants critically ill with respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation.

It was found that, during 1974, it cost an average of $8842 ($12,909 in 1979) to care for a survivor of severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who required mechanical ventilation in this ICU compared to $2448 ($3574 in 1979) for nonsurvivors. Death in 15 out of the 16 nonsurvivors was accompanied by grade III-IV intraventricular hemorrhage. This complication also accounted for moderate to severe neurological impairment in two of the three survivors so affected. The cost of care prorated for life expectancy was $0.42 ($0.61 in 1979) per day of life. These data are compared with similar data generated from adult intensive care patients from the same institution.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1980

Astrocytoma in an infant with prolonged apnea.

A 4-week-old infant experienced prolonged central sleep apnea requiring resuscitation. At 6 months of age he developed episodic obstructive apnea (diagnosed as laryngospasm by direct laryngoscopy) with an abnormal EEG and a normal computed tomography (CT) scan, and at 14 months of age he developed hemiparesis due to a gemistocytic astrocytoma grade III-IV. Following removal of the mass, he has had occasional seizure activity, but no further episodes of obstructive apnea.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1979

Neurologic sequelae in the survivors of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage.

We report our experience with the neurologic sequelae (at a mean follow-up of 24 months) among the 15 surviving infants who have had neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) documented by computerized tomographic (CT) brain scan. Neurologically six infants (40%) are normal, six infants (40%) mildly impaired, and three infants (20%) moderate to severely impaired. The neurologic outcome correlated to the degree of hemorrhage seen in the CT scans when IVH was classified into four grades. None of the other neonatal factors examined showed significant correlation with the outcome.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage by computerized tomography.

Computerized tomographic (CT) brain scan was performed on 28 infants with unexplained cardiorespiratory and neurologic deterioration and bloody lumbar cerebrospinal spinal fluid. Fourteen of 20 with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) died; the six infants with lesser degrees of IVH survived. Significant subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was demonstrable in three infants and three had negative scans despite bloody CSF. We have found that CT scans provide useful information about the size and extent of neonatal IVH and distinguished it from SAH. It also confirms the diagnosis of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in these infants. Continued use of the CT scan will help us to understand the natural history and the effects of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage among the survivors of intensive care.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1976

Paraplegia associated with umbilical artery catheterization in the newborn.

Major complications have followed the use of umbilical artery catheterization in the newborn. The procedure is often a vital part of the monitoring of the critically ill infant and efforts are therefore made to reduce these risks. Recently, we have encountered two newborn infants who developed paraplegia for which no definite etiology could be uncovered. However, their management was attended by the use of umbilical artery catheters and it is postulated that the etiology of paraplegia may have resulted from embolization from these potential thrombogenic sources. The blood supply of the spinal cord and the site of possible embolization are discussed.

Catheterization↗