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Biomedical subjects

K S Oh

Publications and source records attributed to K S Oh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pulmonary edema complicating upper airway obstruction in infants and children.

The association of pulmonary edema with upper airway obstruction occurs in three clinical settings: acute and chronic upper airway obstruction and immediately after the relief of acute upper airway obstruction. Iatrogenic causes, such as adenotonsillectomy and tracheal intubation, were the most frequently encountered in the authors' series of 21 pediatric patients with such an association. The pathogenesis of this kind of pulmonary edema is multifactorial. The application of moderate continuous positive airway pressure in conjunction with the administration of diuretics rapidly clears pulmonary edema in all three clinical settings, usually within 24 hours, and can probably prevent pulmonary edema immediately after acute obstruction is relieved.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1991

Radiographic manifestations of congenital anomalies of the skull.

Congenital anomalies of the pediatric skull are caused by a diverse group of disorders. For the purposes of this discussion, these entities can be classified according to the radiographic appearance of the skull, which may be similar in a variety of different diseases. Enlarged parietal foramina, sinus pericranii, aplasia cutis congenita, anterior fontanelle dermoid, cephaloceles, and craniolacunia are all examples of loceles, and craniolacunia are all examples of calvarial defects. Although there are numerous causes for wormian bones (Table 1), OI, cleidocranial dysplasia, congenital hypothyroidism, and hypophosphatasia are disorders that are commonly associated with defective ossification and the appearance of wormian bones. Osteopetrosis is an important example of rare bony dysplasias that cause sclerosis and hyperostosis of the skull. A partial list of other disorders causing similar radiographic findings is found in Table 2. Craniosynostosis results in an abnormality of skull shape. The suture(s) involved may be predicted by the deformed calvarial configuration. Knowledge of the growth and development of the skull and an understanding of the varied causes of congenital skull anomalies can enable the radiologist to provide the diagnosis or an informed differential diagnosis when confronted with a specific radiographic finding.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Radiographic manifestations of anomalies of the lung.

Congenital nonvascular anomalies of the lung can be subdivided into those affecting the bronchial tree and those affecting parenchymal abnormalities. Embryologic development of the lung is briefly reviewed to facilitate an understanding of developmental pulmonary anomalies. Clinical, radiographic, and therapeutic aspects of these anomalies are discussed.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1991

Radiographic manifestations of anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract.

Congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract can pose serious threats to the health of newborn infants and children. Perhaps nowhere has pediatric surgery had as dramatic an impact as in the care and treatment of these conditions. The pediatric radiologist works closely with the surgeon in evaluating these anomalies in young children. Plain radiographic films and contrast studies have been and remain the first step in studying these anomalies. Newer imaging modalities, however, also have made contributions to the continuing importance of the role of the radiologist in the diagnosis and care of children with these anomalies.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1991

Radiographic manifestations of anomalies of the limbs.

Limb anomalies and their commonly associated organ malformations are increasingly recognized in fetal life because of the use of high resolution real-time sonography. In most instances plain radiography establishes the diagnosis of limb anomalies shortly after birth. In some neonates the diagnosis is tentative until full skeletal maturity is attained. When evaluation of the soft tissues and unmineralized cartilage or ossification center is a prerequisite to early definitive therapy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the procedures of choice.

Arm↗
PubMed1979

Coexistent neuroblastoma and Hirschsprung's disease--another manifestation of the neurocristopathy?

Abnormalities of neural crest development may be manifested in a wide variety of ways ranging from von Recklinghausen's disease to Sipple's syndrome -- pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. We report here yet another manifestation -- coexistent multiple neuroblastomas and Hirschsprung's disease in a newborn. In a review of the English literature we have found the combination of neuroblastoma and Hirschsprung's disease recorded only once previously [2]. However, the relationship between the two diseases was not discussed. The two diseases may be at the extremes of a spectrum of neural crest development pathology, i.e., Hirschsprung's representing a deficiency and neuroblastoma representing malignant proliferation of cells of neural crest origin.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Traumatic aneurysm of the ascending aorta in a child.

A case of traumatic aneurysm of the ascending aorta in a child is reported. This complication must be suspected in a child who sustains severe injury from closed thoracic trauma and develops an abnormally wide anterior mediastinum. A mechanism for ascending aortic rupture and aneurysm is proposed. Aortography is essential when aortic injury and its complications are suspected.

Angiography↗
PubMed1979

Urologic manifestations of sickle hemoglobinopathies.

We analyzed the renal radiographic changes in the sickle hemoglobinopathies in 92 patients, in 70 of whom the specific hemoglobin type was documented by electrophoresis. The following conclusions have been drawn: (1) Approximately 50% of patients with SS hemoglobin have renal enlargement (both on roentgenograms and at autopsy), while only a small proportion of patients with the other hemoglobinopathies show renal enlargement; (2) slightly more than one half of patients with each type of hemoglobinopathy have calyceal changes; and (3) these calyceal changes do not fall into a specific pattern with respect to hemoglobin type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomographic positive contrast peritoneography.

Despite the use of intravenous and oral contrast material and antiperistaltic pharmaceuticals, abdominal computed tomography has limitations in the morphological study of the gastrointestinal tract, retroperitoneum, and pelvis. To better define these regions, positive contrast material was infused into the peritoneal space prior to abdominal CT. Results included: improved visualization of the peritoneal cavity and its contents; evident demarcation between the retroperitoneal space and intraperitoneal structures; sharp delineation of serosal surfaces of the bowel and solid viscera; and an obvious distinction between impinging bowel loops and pelvic organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Abnormal intestinal motility in gastroschisis.

The authors describe abnormal intestinal motility with a very slow transit time in eight children with gastroschisis. Other abnormal findings include malrotation, dilatation, and fixation of the loops of the bowel.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1978

Left aortic arch with right descending aorta.

A left aortic arch with a right descending aorta is a rare congenital anomaly. The radiographic findings in 13 previously described cases and three additional cases are discussed. Characteristic findings on the plain radiograph and esophagram can usually obviate the need for aortography. The anomaly was associated with a vascular ring in at least four and probably five of the 16 patients. Additional and more complex studies may be needed in patients with suspected symptomatic vascular rings.

Aorta↗
PubMed1978

Clinical implications of postoperative unilateral phrenic nerve paralysis.

Unilateral phrenic nerve paralysis (PNP) folowed 32 (1.7 percent) of 1,891 consecutive cardiac surgical procedures during an 8 year peroid. Diagnosis was based on radiographic criteria with comparison of preoperative and postoperative chest radiographs and was confirmed in all 21 evaluated by fluoroscopy. Six had persistent radiographic abnormality more than 12 months postoperatively. PNP occurred most frequently in association with Blalock-Taussig shunts. These operations represented 22 percent of this series, and PNP complicated 7 percent of all Blalock-Taussig shunts. PNP was less well tolerated in the 14 infants than in the 18 older children. Eleven infants had serious difficulties during weaning from mechanical ventilatory support. Five infants required tracheostomy, one underwent diaphragmatic plication, and three died. Infants had a mean duration of mechanical ventilation of 24 days and required prolonged intensive care and long-term hospitalization. In comparison, older children had a more benign postoperative course. Diaphragmatic plication should be considered in infants with paradoxical motion of the hemidiaphragm who remain dependent on mechanical ventilatory support for more than 2 weeks postoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary hyperinflation in ventricular septal defect.

Pulmonary hyperinflation (PH) has frequently been seen in patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD). Mean age of patients at the time of cardiac catherization and operation was less in Group II (PHI) than in Group I (normal pulmonary inflation). There is a statistically significant difference in the ratio of mean pulmonary to mean systemic blood flow and the ratio of mean peak pulmonary to mean peak systemic systolic pressures, with the higher values recorded for Group II. There is no statistically significant difference in the pulmonary vascular resistance in the two groups. Thirty-five of the 44 patients with PHI developed normal inflation within a month after surgical correction of VSD. Possible mechanisms of PHI in VSD are discussed. PHI is prolong and perpetuate respiratory distress and can lead to progressive lung disease. PHI is therefore another indication for early surgical correction of VSD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Internal auditory canal enlargement in neurofibromatosis without acoustic neuroma.

Acoustic neuroma has always been reported to accompany neurofibromatosis in patients with enlargement of the internal auditory canal. The authors describe a case in which the internal auditory canal was enlarged but there was no tumor. This may represent a normal variant or a manifestation of the bony dysplasia of neurofibromatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of the atretic distal esophageal segment.

In infants with congenital esophageal atresia with a gasless abdomen, we have determined the length of the distal esophageal segment by injecting air into the stomach through a gastrostomy tube and causing the infant to burp. It is a safe and accurate method and can be done with or without fluoroscopic control.

Air↗