PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Saga

Publications and source records attributed to K Saga.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Localization of anionic sites in normal and psoriatic epidermis: the effect of enzyme digestion on these anionic sites.

Cell surface anionic charge is known to be related to various cellular functions. Therefore, we ultrastructurally localized anionic sites in normal and psoriatic human epidermis, using poly-L-lysine-gold complex (cationic gold), to assess their possible participation in the differentiation of keratinocytes and the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In normal and psoriatic epidermis, the cell membrane of keratinocytes showed positive staining at pH 2.0. At pH 7.4 the cytoplasm and nucleus were diffusely stained, in addition to the cell membrane. In normal epidermis, the intensity of labelling on the cell membrane at pH 2.0 was strong in the basal layer and lower stratum spinosum, and decreased in parallel with differentiation of keratinocytes. In psoriatic epidermis, the intensity of labelling on the cell membrane at pH 2.0 was stronger than in normal epidermis. In normal epidermis, heparitinase digested 63% and chondroitinase ABC digested 80% of cationic labelling. This suggests that heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate (and/or dermatan sulphate) constitute anionic sites in normal epidermis. In psoriatic epidermis, chondroitinase ABC-sensitive anionic sites were greatly increased, whereas heparitinase-sensitive anionic sites were the same, when compared with normal epidermis. This suggests that chondroitin sulphate and/or dermatan sulphate constitute anionic sites which are increased in psoriatic epidermis.

Anions↗
PubMed1995

Proliferating cells in human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.

Morphological observations of sweat glands showed degenerated debris of secretory cells in the secretory lumen in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. This suggested that dead secretory cells of human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands were released into the lumen and replaced by other cells. However, we did not know which type of cells replaced lost secretory cells. Therefore, we studied the proliferating cells in human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands by labeling S-phase cells in vitro with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and by immunostaining proliferation-associated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody. BrdUrd and anti-PCNA antibody labeled a few secretory cells in eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, but neither method labeled myoepithelial cells. Luminal and peripheral cells of the eccrine and apocrine coiled duct were labeled with both BrdUrd and PCNA. However, we could not find any highly proliferative germinative cells in coiled ducts. Our results suggest that lost secretory cells could be replaced by proliferation of secretory cells themselves rather than by proliferation of myoepithelial cells or duct cells.

Apocrine Glands↗
PubMed1995

Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic and organic monophosphate esters at alkaline pH. Although the functions of ALP are poorly understood, it is believed to be involved in membrane transport. Because little is known about the functions and distribution of ALP in the sweat glands, we studied the localization of ALP in human sweat glands with light and electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry. In eccrine sweat glands, ALP was restricted to the cell membranes of intercellular canaliculi. Luminal cell membranes of secretory cells that are in continuity with intercellular canaliculi did not show ALP activity. These results suggest that ALP participates in the production of primary sweat at intercellular canaliculi. In apocrine sweat glands, basal cell membranes of secretory cells and myoepithelial cell membranes that were in apposition with each other showed ALP activity, where as no activity was seen in eccrine sweat glands. These differences in the distribution of ALP in myoepithelial cells between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands might be related to the functional differences of these sweat glands. ALP histochemistry could help to diagnose and to determine the direction of differentiation in sweat gland tumors.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

[A case report of tracheal stenosis due to true aortic arch aneurysm of retroesophageal right aortic arch associated with so called vascular ring-facial syndrome].

A 63-year-old man admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea and inspiratory stridor. The X-ray computed tomography and angiogram revealed tracheal stenosis due to compression by aortic arch aneurysm of retroesophageal right aortic arch. His face was congenitally asymmetrical, and he also showed anotia, and meatal atresia. In the operation, we approached the aneurysm via median sternotomy and left thoracotomy by the 3rd intercostal space, and found atretic left aortic arch in front of trachea. So, operative diagnosis was Edwards Ib complete vascular ring associated with right aortic arch aneurysm. The aneurysm was incised and the arch and its branches were reconstructed with vascular prosthesis under ECC using selective cerebral perfusion. Postoperatively, until 5th postoperative day his condition was uneventful, and he was neurologically almost normal. But on the 5th postoperative day, his hemodynamics suddenly deteriorated because of severe pneumonia and septicemia. On the 6th postoperative day, he died in spite of earnest resuscitation. We could not find any previous reports about this rare combination of diseases.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Demonstration of anionic sites in human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands in post-embedded ultra-thin sections with cationic colloidal gold: effect of enzyme digestion on these anionic sites.

We localized anionic sites ultrastructurally in human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands with a poly-L-lysine-gold complex (cationic colloidal gold). Anionic sites were labeled by incubating Lowicryl K4M-embedded sections on droplets of cationic colloidal gold. In eccrine sweat glands, colloidal gold particles were restricted to the basolateral membrane of the secretory cells at low pH, whereas the luminal membrane did not react with the gold particles. Chondroitinase ABC digested these anionic sites. This indicates that chondroitin sulfate and/or dermatan sulfate constitutes anionic sites in the basal labyrinth of eccrine sweat glands. In apocrine sweat glands, the luminal membrane of the secretory cells showed strong reaction at low pH, whereas the contraluminal membrane did not show any reaction. Neuraminidase completely digested these anionic sites, which indicated that the anionic charge of the apocrine lumen was due to sialic acid. Differences in distribution and susceptibility to enzymes of anionic sites in cell membranes between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands may reflect functional differences between these glands. Dark cell granules in eccrine secretory cells were negative for the anionic sites when sections were labeled without any pre-treatment. However, pre-incubation of the grids on EGTA or deionized water unmasked the anionic sites on the dark cell granules. The positive staining after EGTA treatment was greatly decreased by reincubation with CaCl2. These results suggested that Ca blocked anionic sites in dark cell granules. Exposed anionic sites were digested with chondroitinase ABC. This indicated that chondroitinase ABC and/or dermatan sulfate composed the anionic sites in dark cell granules.

Anions↗
PubMed1992

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of epidermal growth factor in the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.

We studied the localization of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) in eccrine and apocrine sweat glands with light microscopic and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. Anti-human EGF (anti-hEGF) polyclonal antiserum and anti-hEGF monoclonal antibody (MAb) were used for the study. Light microscopic immunohistochemistry with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies showed that hEGF-like immunoreactivity was strongly positive in the myoepithelial cells and weakly positive in the secretory cells of eccrine sweat glands. In apocrine sweat glands, it was strongly positive in the secretory cells as well as in the myoepithelial cells. Immunoelectron microscopy with polyclonal antibody showed that hEGF-like immunoreactivity was present in secretory granules of apocrine secretory cells. These granules had mitochondrion-like internal structure. No reactivity was observed on the eccrine secretory cells by immunoelectron microscopy. Neither dark cell granules nor mitochondria in eccrine secretory cells were labeled with anti-hEGF antibody. In both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, hEGF-like immunoreactivity was diffusely present in the cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells. However, nuclei and mitochondria of myoepithelial cells were devoid of immunoreactivity for hEGF. Our observations indicate that apocrine sweat glands may secrete more hEGF in the sweat than eccrine sweat glands.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Intracellular ion concentrations and cell volume during cholinergic stimulation of eccrine secretory coil cells.

Methacholine (MCh)-induced changes in intracellular concentrations of Na, K, and Cl [( Na]i, [K]i, and [Cl]i, respectively) and in cellular dry mass (a measure of cell shrinkage) were examined in isolated monkey eccrine sweat secretory coils by electron probe X-ray microanalysis using the peripheral standard method. To further confirm the occurrence of cell shrinkage during MCh stimulation, the change in cell volume of dissociated clear and dark cells were directly determined under a light microscope equipped with differential interference contrast (DIC) optics. X-ray microanalysis revealed a biphasic increase in cellular dry mass in clear cells during continuous MCh stimulation; an initial increase of dry mass to 158% (of control) followed by a plateau at 140%, which correspond to the decrease in cell volume of 37 and 29%, respectively. The latter agrees with the MCh-induced cell shrinkage of 29% in dissociated clear cells. The MCh-induced increase in dry mass in myoepithelial cells was less than half that of clear cells. During the steady state of MCh stimulation, both [K+]i and [Cl]i of clear cells decreased by about 45%, whereas [Na]i increased in such a way to maintain the sum of [Na] i + [K]i constant. There was a small (12-15 mM) increase in [Na]i and a decrease in [K]i in myoepithelial cells during stimulation with MCh. Dissociated dark cells failed to significantly shrink during MCh stimulation. The decrease in [Cl]i in the face of constant [Na]i + [K]i suggests the accumulation of unknown anion(s) inside the clear cell during MCh stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

In-vitro DNA synthesis of keratinocytes in normal human skin, psoriasis, seborrhoeic keratosis, Bowen's disease and basal cell carcinoma.

The DNA-synthesizing cells in benign and malignant keratotic diseases including psoriasis, seborrhoeic keratosis, Bowen's disease and basal cell carcinoma were studied. Cells in S-phase were labelled after small pieces of the lesions were incubated in tissue culture medium that contained 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). The labelling of DNA was analysed using the labelling index and pattern. Although the malignant diseases tended to show a higher DNA labelling index, neither this nor the loss of polarity alone was associated with malignancy. However, a higher DNA labelling index together with a loss of polarity was characteristic for malignancy.

Bowen's Disease↗
PubMed1991

Movement of cellular ions during stimulation with isoproterenol in simian eccrine clear cells.

The ionic mechanism of beta-adrenergic sweating is unknown. In isolated rhesus eccrine secretory coils, K efflux was determined by an extracellular K electrode and cellular monovalent ions by X-ray microanalysis. Isoproterenol (Iso) induced a small (dose-dependent propranolol-inhibitable) K efflux followed by net K reuptake. Similar K response was seen with forskolin, theophylline, or isobutyl-methylxanthine (IBMX). The net K uptake often exceeded the net K efflux, causing a small net accumulation of K. Bumetanide (BT) and ouabain not only abolished the Iso (with or without IBMX) -induced net K uptake but increased the Iso-induced initial K efflux about threefold. BT and ouabain drastically decreased K and Cl concentrations in the clear cell (by X-ray microanalysis) only in the presence of Iso plus IBMX, suggesting that adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) may simultaneously stimulate both KCl efflux (by unknown mechanisms) and K reuptake (presumably by BT-sensitive cotransporters and ouabain-sensitive Na pumps). Thus the cAMP-mediated ion movement is different from the cholinergic mechanism that is characterized by the net KCl loss, cell shrinkage (Saga et al., J. Membr. Biol. 107: 13-24, 1989; Takemura et al., J. Membr. Biol. In press), and no augmentation of methacholine-induced K efflux by BT or ouabain.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1991

[Study on cases of D dimer values were dissociated from FDP-E].

Determination of FDP D-dimer (D-dimer) has been recently developed for the diagnosis of thrombotic diseases with secondary fibrinolysis. We have studied the correlation between D-dimer and FDP-E concentrations in plasma from 282 patients with 630 samples. A linear correlation (r = 0.9269) was observed between the values of FDP-E and D-dimer. However, 13 out of 282 cases revealed an apparent dissociation of D-dimer concentrations from FDP-E values. Among them, 4 of these 13 cases (Group A) have shown to possess higher level of D-dimer when compared with the expected values from FDP-E, while 9 of 13 cases (Group B) revealed lower levels of D-dimer than that expected from FDP-E. All of Group A patients have been diagnosed as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). On the other hand, in Group B patients, 6 of 9 were shown to have a widespread metastasis of cancer and 2 of them were under treatment with urokinase. To study whether Group B patients were under hypercoagulable or hyper-fibrinolytic state, we have examined ratios of AT III/alpha 2 PI and PIC/TAT in these cases. It has been shown that 4 of 9 patients in Group B have higher ratios of both AT III/alpha 2 PI and PIC/TAT if compared with other patients than Group B. This suggests that patients in Group B have been under hyper-fibrinolytic states.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Experimental evidence for predicted transmembrane peptide topography: incorporation of hydrophobic peptide alpha-helical rods with an N-terminal positive charge having a length comparable to the thickness of lipid bilayers into the membranes.

Liposomes consisting of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and hydrophobic peptides Nps- and Cl-.+H2-(Met-Met-Leu)n-OEt (n = 6-10) with various polypeptide chain lengths were prepared by the sonication method. The conformation of the peptides incorporated into the liposomes was examined by CD spectroscopy. All the peptides incorporated assumed alpha-helical conformation. Quantitative analyses of the peptides and lipids in the membranes showed that the concentration of the peptides with a positive charge at the N-terminus in the liposomes decreased markedly as the peptide chain length increased, reaching zero for the peptides over n = 8. The peptides without a positive charge were hardly incorporated into the liposomes. Infrared attenuated reflection spectroscopy of multilayered membranes containing the peptides suggests that the axis of the alpha-helical peptide rods is oriented in parallel with the molecular axis of lipids in the membranes. These results suggest that the hydrophobic peptides can be incorporated into the lipid bilayers of the liposomes in the alpha-helical conformation, the rods of which have a length comparable to the thickness of the lipid bilayers, and the N-terminal positive charge of the peptides is essential for the stable peptide incorporated into the membranes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacological responsiveness of dissociated native and cultured eccrine secretory coil cells.

Methacholine (MCh)- and isoproterenol (Iso)-stimulated 14CO2 production was compared between freshly dissociated rhesus sweat secretory coil cells (mainly clear cells) and cultured cells (grown on a collagen-coated plastic plate) derived from native cells. 14CO2 production was enhanced by MCh and by Iso in native coil cells (but not in ductal cells) in a pharmacologically specific and dose-dependent manner. 14CO2 production in subcultured coil cells (19-45 days in culture) was only one-third to one-fifth that of native cells. MCh-stimulated 14CO2 production was inhibited by ouabain and furosemide in both native and cultured coil cells. A decrease in 14CO2 production, of about one-half, was already evident in primary cells cultured for less than 1 wk. The decreased pharmacological responsiveness of the cultured coil cells was seen, although the cultured cells showed the typical epithelioid appearance, abundant mitochondria, the occasional presence of intercellular lacunae resembling intercellular canaliculi, and the persistence of immunoreactive keratin. We conclude that 1) a primary culture of sweat gland cells can be initiated from dissociated cells; 2) cultured sweat secretory coil cells qualitatively, but not quantitatively, retain the pharmacological responsiveness and transport activity of the native cells as determined by 14CO2 production; 3) collagenase-dissociated cells represent an excellent in vitro system for the study of glandular function at the cellular level; and 4) the decrease in pharmacological responsiveness is not simply due to trypsin treatment during harvesting of cultured cells, because that of organ-cultured, intact, secretory coils also declines with time of culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Potassium iodide inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis.

We studied the effect of potassium iodide on the chemotaxis of neutrophil in 15 healthy subjects with a modified Boyden chamber method. Orally administered potassium iodide (15 mg/kg/day for 3 days) significantly inhibited the neutrophil chemotaxis in peripheral blood. It is postulated that the therapeutic effect of potassium iodide on erythema nodosum, nodular vasculitis, and Sweet's syndrome might be mediated through the inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by this agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Preparation of partially fixed erythrocytes and its application for immunohematologic examination].

A suspension of washed human erythrocytes (2%) in PBS was mixed with an equal volume of 1 mM glutaraldehyde (GA) and allowed to stand at laboratory temperatures, followed by washing with normal saline. The agglutinability of the erythrocytes toward anti-A, anti-B, anti-M and anti-N reagents remained unchanged after GA treatment shorter than 20 minutes, and the agglutinability toward anti-C, anti-c, anti-D, anti-E, anti-e, anti-Lea, anti-Leb and anti-P1 did not decrease after treatment for 10 minutes. GA treatment for longer periods of time than the above caused a decrease of the reactivities. The agglutinability toward an anti-H (Ulex europaeus) and other lectins increased after 10 to 30 minutes of GA treatment and decreased after 40 minutes or more of exposure to GA. These results indicate that the immunologic agglutinability of erythrocytes were practically unchanged after a 10 minutes treatment with 1 mM GA (a mild fixation procedure hereafter called "partial fixation"). The properties of the partially fixed erythrocytes were closely similar to those of untreated erythrocytes as regards cell volume, membrane fragility in hypotonic solutions (measured by a modification of the Ribiere method), and membrane fragility under continuous shaking. The resistance of the partially fixed erythrocytes heating up to 50 degrees C was superior to that of the untreated erythrocytes. From these results, the deformability of the partially fixed erythrocytes was concluded to be similar to that of untreated erythrocytes. After storage for 6 months at 4 degrees C in Alsever solution containing adenine and inosine, the shapes of the untreated erythrocytes changed to "spherocytes" or "echinocytes", whereas the partially fixed cells retained the original discocyte shape. Blood grouping laboratory tests were performed with the partially fixed erythrocytes as indicators. Both anti-A and anti-B agglutinins in normal human sera could be detected without difficulty. Presence of irregular agglutinins, such as anti-H and anti-N, in healthy donors' sera could also be detected, as with the freshly obtained erythrocytes. The detection limits of an incomplete anti-D agglutinin were equal to those in the tests with untreated erythrocytes. The partially fixed erythrocyte (stored at 4 degrees C for 2.5 to 3 months) were used as indicators of ABO-blood grouping from blood stains, saliva stains and hairs by the agglutinin-inhibition test, absorption-elution test or mixed agglutination test. The results obtained were practically equal to those of the tests with freshly obtained erythrocytes, indicating the availabilities of the partially fixed erythrocytes.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1990

[Blood group hemagglutinins in hens' eggs. 1. Quantity of hemagglutinins to human erythrocytes after immunization with OSe saliva].

The titers of hemagglutinins to human erythrocytes were investigated using sera and eggs from hens immunized by a single intraperitoneal injection of crude blood group substance from OSe saliva mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant. Elevation of the hemagglutinin titer in egg yolk followed the increase of serum hemagglutinin with 1- to 2-week time-lag. The maximum hemagglutinin titer of egg yolk was 1/2 to 1/8 of the serum hemagglutinin titer. The total hemagglutinin quantity in egg yolk exceeded the serum quantities of the antibody in sacrificed hens. Egg-white transiently contained a very low titer of hemagglutinin. The yolk hemagglutinin scarcely migrated at all to the white after storage of the egg for 3 months at 5 degrees C. These results indicate that egg yolk from hens immunized with blood group substances is an appropriate source of blood group hemagglutinins.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1990

[Blood group hemagglutinins in hens' eggs. 2. Comparison of immunohematological properties of serum and egg yolk hemagglutinins of hens immunized with OSe saliva].

Hens were immunized intraperitoneally with OSe saliva mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant, and the properties of hemagglutinins in sera and egg yolk were compared. Both serum and egg yolk hemagglutinins agglutinated O, A1, B and A1B erythrocytes to a similar degree, and both showed somewhat stronger agglutinating potencies at 5 degrees C than at 25 degrees C or 37 degrees C. The degrees of agglutination were little improved by the addition of 20% BSA or PVP medium solution for potentiating incomplete agglutinin. The antiglobulin-augmentation reaction with specific anti-chicken-Igs revealed that the principal immunoglobulins of the serum hemagglutinins produced during the early and hyperimmune phases of immune response were IgM and IgG, respectively; whereas the presence in egg yolk of both IgM and IgG hemagglutinins was demonstrated throughout the antibody producing periods. The yolk probably contained IgM incomplete hemagglutinins, because addition of an antiserum to chicken-IgM strongly enhanced the yolk hemagglutinin. The secretor status of six saliva specimens, OSe, Ose, ASe, Ase, BSe and Bse, was tested by the agglutinin-inhibition reaction using one of the following reagents: Ulex lectin, chicken antiserum, and egg yolk hemagglutinin. High inhibition titers of OSe saliva were obtained with the serum hemagglutinin (of the early and hyperimmune phases) and the yolk hemagglutinin of the eggs laid in the hyperimmune phase. The test with Ulex lectin showed a moderate grade of inhibition, and the use of yolk hemagglutinin produced in the early stage of immune response resulted in very low inhibition titers. Yolk hemagglutinins produced in the early and hyperimmune stages were more strongly inhibited by ASe and BSe salivas than by other hemagglutinin reagents. These results indicate the availability of blood group agglutinins in the yolks of eggs laid during the hyperimmune stage.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of cellular ions in the eccrine secretory coil cells during methacholine stimulation.

Intracellular concentrations of Na, K, Cl ([Na], [K] and [Cl], respectively) and other elements were determined in isolated monkey eccrine sweat secretory coil cells using quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis of freeze dried cryosections. The validity of the methodology was partially supported by qualitative agreement of the X-ray microanalysis data with those obtained by micro-titration with a helium glow spectrophotometer. [Na], [K] and [Cl] of the cytoplasm were the same as those in the nucleus in both clear and dark cells. [Na], [K], and [Cl] of the clear cells were also the same as those of the dark cells at rest and after stimulation with methacholine (MCh), suggesting that these two cell types behave like a functional syncytium. MCh stimulation induced a pharmacologically specific, dose-dependent decrease in [K] and [Cl] (as much as 65%), and a 3.7-fold increase in [Na]. In myoepithelial cells, a similar change in [Na] and [K] was noted after MCh stimulation although the decrease in [Cl] was only 20%. The MCh-induced change in [Na], [K] and [Cl] was almost completely inhibited by removal of Ca2+ from the medium. 10(-4) M bumetanide inhibited the MCh-induced increase in [Na], reduced the decrease in [K] by about 50%, but slightly augmented the MCh-induced decrease in [Cl]. 10(-4) M ouabain increased [Na] and decreased [K] as did MCh; however, unlike MCh, ouabain increased [Cl] by 56% after 30 min of incubation. Thus the data may be best interpreted to indicate that Ca-dependent K efflux and (perhaps also Ca-dependent) Cl efflux are the predominant initial ionic movement in muscarinic cholinergic stimulation of the eccrine sweat secretory coils and that the ouabain-sensitive Na pump plays an important role in maintenance of intracellular ions and sweat secretion.

Animals↗