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Biomedical subjects

K Sakuma

Publications and source records attributed to K Sakuma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Auditory brain stem response (ABR) in anorexia nervosa.

Auditory brain stem responses were recorded in 20 patients with anorexia nervosa and 10 normal control subjects. Twenty patients were studied during two phases of illness, 1) anorexia nervosa group with under weight (U-AN group), and 2) anorexia nervosa group with recovered normal weight (N-AN group). Absolute latencies, interwave latencies, absolute amplitudes, and amplitude ratios were investigated. A nonsignificant difference was found among these groups as far as the latencies were concerned. Both the patients in the U-AN group and those in the N-AN group had significantly smaller amplitude ratios (III/I, IV.V/I) and absolute amplitude (V) than did the control subjects. Furthermore, a nonsignificant difference was found between the U-AN group and the N-AN group. It suggests that some dysfunction might exist in the region of the brain stem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A long-term observation on a case of epilepsy with occipital continuous spikes.

We have reported a 38-year-old female who did not show clinical seizures during continuous spikes in the left occipital area over a period of 18 years. As to the neurological findings, visual disturbance, optic nerve atrophy and right hemianopsia were almost always present. The low density area distributing from the left occipital area to the left temporal one on the CT revealed to be porencephaly. From the clinical findings obtained in this case, the lesion responsible for the occipital continuous spikes could be ascribed to be functional abnormality of the visual pathway connecting the left lateral geniculate body with the left occipital cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Ataxic cerebral palsy and brain imaging].

Five cases diagnosed as having ataxic cerebral palsy were presented with their brain imaging. Case 1, a 3-year-old-girl had been floppy since 7 months of age and began ataxic walk with spastic legs from 18 months of age. MRI revealed generalized atrophy of cerebellum (especially in anterior superior part) and slight atrophy of pons. Her mother also had ataxia with spastic legs of early onset. She and her mother were thought to have an early-onset inherited non-progressive cerebellar ataxia syndrome. Case 2, a 8-year-old-girl had ataxic walk since 17 months of age. MRI revealed cerebellar atrophy especially in anterior superior part. Case 3, a 10-year-old boy was floppy since 4 months of age and suspected as ataxic at 4 years of age. He could walk only with cruches. He had dwarfism and cataracts since 4 years of age. CT and MRI revealed generalized spino-ponto-cerebellar atrophy. Final diagnosis was Marinesco-Sjörgren syndrome. Case 4, a 10-year-old girl had opisthotonus and floppiness since 4 months of age. She could walk only with cruches. CT and MRI revealed generalized spino-ponto-cerebellar atrophy. Case 5, a 8-year-old boy showed head nodding and nystagmus since 4 months of age. He started ataxic gait at 8 years of age. He could vocalize only single sound for speech. MRI revealed cranium bifida and agenesis of anterior medullar velum. Ataxic cerebral palsy is the term often used to describe very different conditions, the clinical picture starts as hypotonia and changes into the ataxic symptoms in a few years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ataxia↗
PubMed1992

Effects of enforced exercise on biomechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament of bipedal rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of enforced exercise on the biomechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in bipedal rats. These rats were divided into two groups: (1) bipedal rats without exercise, E(-)G, and (2) bipedal rats with exercise for 4 weeks, E(+)G. Strength (the maximum load that can be sustained by specimen prior to rupture) results for E(+)G were significantly lower than those for E(-)G at the loading rates of 8.3 mm/sec and 1 x 10(3) mm/sec. Stiffness (the slope of the load-deformation curve for a specimen with a linear-deformation relationship) results for E(+)G were significantly lower than those for E(-)G at the rate of 8.3 mm/sec. A load relaxation test (a test of viscoelastic behavior characterized by a decrease of load in a specimen with time under a constant load or deformation) showed a larger load-relaxation phenomenon (a decline in load over time under a constant deformation) in E(-)G. Analyzing these results by a three-element model, we found that the viscosity was higher in E(+)G than in E(-)G. This study offers insight into the effects of exercise on the ACL of humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ramsay Hunt syndrome with mental disorder.

This is a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome with mental disorder. The patient had action myoclonus, grand mal seizure and severe cerebellar ataxia. Schizophrenia-like symptoms including delusion of persecution and self-reference, auditory hallucination and incoherence were characteristically observed before the neurological disturbance became manifest. Subsequently, euphoria, disinhibition, moria and mild dementia appeared with neurological symptoms. The possibility of Ramsay Hunt syndrome to accompany organic mental syndromes and the relationship between cerebellar dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Severe dyspnea caused by vecuronium bromide administration for priming and precurarization].

Vecuronium bromide 1mg was injected intravenously for priming or precurarization in 42 cases. Apparent dyspnea was observed in 2 cases. The doses of vecuronium bromide in these 2 cases, 0.018 and 0.016 mg.kg-1, respectively were the same and less than those in the other 40 cases (0.018 +/- 0.003 mg.kg-1, mean +/- SD). Although respiratory sparing effect of vecuronium bromide is expected, intensive respiratory assist should be taken at the time of priming or precurarization with the drug.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma by continuous intravenous injection of prostaglandin E1].

We had five cases of surgical removal of pheochromocytoma by continuous intravenous injection of prostaglandin E1. During anesthesia, we used Swan-Ganz catheter for circulatory monitoring and measured plasma catecholamines. When PGE1 dose was increased from 0.05 to 0.1 and 0.15 microgram.kg-1.min-1, total systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure were decreased but heart rate and cardiac output were not significantly altered from the preanesthetic values. Plasma catecholamines were also similar to the preanesthetic values. Therefore, the results suggest that the mechanism of suppression of hypertension by PGE1 is by affecting vascular beds directly rather than by diminishing catecholamine excretion from sympathetic nerve and adrenal medulla. During manipulation of pheochromocytoma, mean arterial blood pressure increased extremely. Although PGE1 was injected at a rate of 0.3 to 0.5 microgram.kg-1.min-1 in some cases, we could not suppress the elevation of blood pressure. PGE1 alone could not normalize blood pressure and heart rate, and other cardiovascular agents were necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A study of the adhesive resins used in adhesion bridges].

UNLABELLED: We suspected that the composition of stiffened adhesive resins may cause adhesion bridges to drop out. In this study, by using a scanning type electron microscope, we observed the breaking sides of the adhesive resin after the tension test. We also examined the surfaces of the resin that we cut and ground after it had hardened, and the surfaces of the adhesion bridges that dropped out. RESULTS: 1) RESULTS of the tension test. No significant differences between the adhesive resins were observed. We noticed no significant differences between the metal surface treatment methods. 2) Observations of the breaking side after the tension test. When we examined Panavia EX, we observed flaking of the metallic side and the tooth enamel. We noticed that the surface was smooth regardless of the method of preprocessing the metal. But the surface of the adhesive resin was bumpy, and we found bubbles of different sizes on the resin surfaces. When we examined Super-Bond C&B, we observed flaking of the metallic side and the tooth enamel, and the surfaces were smooth regardless of the method of preprocessing the metal. Unlike Panavia EX, however, we found various hollows, big and small, like the bubbles on the smooth surfaces of Super-Bond C&B. 3) Observations of the abrasive surface of stiffened adhesive resins. With an ambient temperature of 15 and 28 degrees, we found many minute hollows like bubbles on the abrasive surfaces of Panavia EX and Super-Bond C&B. 4) Observations of the surface of the bonding materials of the adhesion bridges which dropped out. We found bumpy surfaces on the adhesive resin which remained on the metallic side of the adhesion bridges, whichever position the adhesion bridges dropped out of.

Boron Compounds↗
PubMed1990

Physical and genetic analyses of IncI2 plasmid R721: evidence for the presence of shufflon.

A physical map of the 75.1-kb IncI2 plasmid R721 was constructed by using 15 restriction enzymes, and the regions of several genetic determinants including the origins of replication and of conjugal DNA transfer were located on the physical map. It was found that R721 bears a DNA region which undergoes DNA rearrangement similar to the shufflon of R64.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1990

Auditory brain stem response (ABR) in eating disorder.

Auditory brain stem responses were recorded in 10 eating disorder patients and 10 normal control subjects. Absolute latencies, interwave latencies, absolute amplitudes, and amplitude ratios were investigated. A nonsignificant difference was found between the eating disorder group and the normal control group as far as the absolute latencies and interwave latencies were concerned. But the eating disorder patients had significantly smaller amplitude ratios (III/I, IV-V/I) and absolute amplitude (V) than did the control subjects. These findings suggest that some dysfunction exists in the region of brain stem. It may be related with the pathophysiology in patients with eating disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Clinical characteristics of the Pisa syndrome.

The Pisa syndrome is not yet well characterized, although there have been increasing reports on its prevalence and the clinical features of drug-induced dystonia. In this report, we present 20 cases of the Pisa syndrome and discuss the clinical symptoms compared with those of classical types of drug-induced dystonia. The Pisa syndrome may occur not only as a subtype of acute dystonia but also as a subtype of tardive dystonia. Abnormal findings on brain CT were noted in both acute and tardive types of the Pisa syndrome, indicating that, like tardive dystonia, the Pisa syndrome may be associated with cerebral lesions. Young female patients were susceptible to both acute and tardive types of the Pisa syndrome, but the prevalence of both types of dystonia was inconsistent in these patients. Thus, it seems likely that very complicated pathophysiological changes in the brain are involved in the development of the Pisa syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Contrast medium-induced expansion of circulating blood volume: Comparison between nonionic and ionic contrast media].

We assessed whether the osmotic expansion of circulating blood volume (CBV) induced by nonionic contrast medium (NCM) is less than that induced by ionic contrast medium (ICM). Iohexol (Io) (NCM: 795 mO sm/kg H2O), 1.28 g iodine/kg, was injected intravenously into 5 mongrel dogs and blood samples were drawn at certain times. One week later, meglumine iothalamate (MI) (ICM: 1470 mOsm/kgH2O), 1.28 g iodine/kg, was injected into the same dogs. Another 5 dogs received MI first and Io one week later. Colloid oncotic pressure (COP) of the blood samples was measured by a needle osmometer, and changes in CBV were calculated from the COP values. The injection of Io or MI resulted in an immediate decrease in COP, and an increase in CBV at 1 min. MI induced significantly more severe and longlasting changes in COP and CBV than Io. Neither MI nor Io modified COP when they were added to the control blood samples. Thus, although NCM considerably expanded CBV, the magnitude of expansion induced by NCM was less than that induced by ICM. This may explain one of the reasons why NCM causes fewer adverse reactions than ICM.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Strengthening for dental porcelain surface].

UNLABELLED: Although the metal crown is aesthetically improved when porcelain is fused to it, a large number of different factors often cause the porcelain to break. Here we report a method to prevent this from happening. As a hardening treatment for the porcelain surface, the Na-ions in the porcelain, which have a short radius, were replaced by K-ions having a long radius to strength the surface against compressive forces. RESULTS: 1. The bending test showed that the strength of the porcelain had increased from 20 to 38%. 2. The hardness test indicated that the strength had increased from 23 to 24%. 3. The breaking test showed that although the strength of the porcelain had not increased to any great extent, the strength of the veneer shell had increase by more than 30%. 4. The EPMA measurement showed that ion replacement had penetrated to as much as 50 to 80 microns. 5. Clinical tests indicate that even after 19 months, the surface of the porcelain remains the same and that the condition is quite stable.

Dental Porcelain↗
PubMed1988

CNS changes in Usher's syndrome with mental disorder: CT, MRI and PET findings.

CNS changes in a case of Usher's syndrome associated with schizophrenia-like mental disorder were observed by CT, MRI and PET. The neuro-radiological findings of the case demonstrate the degenerative and metabolic alterations in various regions of cortex, white matter and subcortical areas in the brain. Mental disorder of the case is almost indistinguishable from that of schizophrenia, but the psychotic feature is regarded as an atypical or mixed organic brain syndrome according to the classification in the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Methylation of the alpha-fetoprotein gene in isogenic rat hepatoma and liver cell lines.

We have found that DNA methylation is inversely correlated with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene expression in a series of isogenic rat hepatoma cell lines. The 5' end of the gene is extensively demethylated in AFP-producing cells and is highly methylated in cell lines which do not produce AFP. Glucocorticoid affects markedly the synthesis of AFP in the hepatoma cells. However, methylation patterns of cell lines which were treated with dexamethasone were not different from those of control cells, indicating that glucocorticoid action on AFP gene expression does not alter DNA methylation in this region of the gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Low protein--high energy diet induces repressed transcription of albumin mRNA in rat liver.

The effects of diet at the molecular level were investigated by feeding rats control or protein-deficient diets. Each of the control and the protein-deficient groups was further divided into three subgroups according to the level of energy intake. Liver DNA, RNA and total cellular protein concentrations and serum albumin and albumin mRNA concentrations were determined. Protein deficiency caused a marked inhibition of liver growth but the size of most cells remained normal. The low protein diet caused concurrent decreases in the levels of serum albumin and serum mRNA. However, this effect was observed only with the combination of a low protein diet and normal energy intake. The low protein-low energy diet failed to induce the low serum albumin level. Our findings suggest that the altered balance between at least two factors of protein and energy intake serves as a trigger for several metabolic changes which ultimately regulate specific genes.

Animals↗