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Biomedical subjects

K Salman

Publications and source records attributed to K Salman.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Bedtime insulin added to daytime sulfonylureas improves glycemic control in uncontrolled type II diabetes.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the possible benefits of the addition of intermediate-acting insulin administered at bedtime to therapy with daytime sulfonylureas in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for whom maximal doses of oral hypoglycemic agents have not been successful. METHODS: Study subjects were 16 consecutive obese patients aged from 44 to 78 years (mean age, 62 years) with histories of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for a mean of 9 years. None of the subjects had been able to control their diabetes with maximal doses of oral hypoglycemic agents. All patients received 20 mg glipizide or 10 mg glyburide twice a day, as well as education about the American Diabetes Association diet. Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin was empirically added in doses from 0.1 to 0.2 units/kg given at bedtime. The dose was adjusted on the basis of fasting blood glucose levels. RESULTS: Mean fasting blood glucose decreased from 13.7 +/- 3.4 to 8.3 +/- 2.7 mmol/L at 3 months and 7.3 + 2.0 mmol/L at 1 year. Glycosylated hemoglobin decreased from 9.0% +/- 1.9% to 6.2% +2- 1.16% at 3 months and 6.3% +/- 1.22% at 1 year. CONCLUSION: A late-night dose of NPH insulin was added to a regimen of daytime sulfonylureas in a group of obese patients with type II diabetes whose hyperglycemia was not controlled with maximal doses of oral hypoglycemic agents. This treatment proved to be beneficial and is a useful alternative to conventional insulin therapy in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Serum androstanediol glucuronide in women with facial hirsutism.

BACKGROUND: Measurement of serum 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol glucuronide (3 alpha-diolG) has been proposed as a useful biochemical marker of peripheral androgen metabolism. Is 3 alpha-diol G a useful biochemical marker of peripheral androgen metabolism and does it correlate with degree of facial hirsutism? OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess possible correlation between serum 3 alpha-diol G and degree of facial hirsutism and to compare serum 3 alpha-diol G levels with levels of other commonly measured serum androgens. METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive women with facial hirsutism were studied, and serum concentrations of 3 alpha-diol G, testosterone (total, free, and biologically active portions), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and androstenedione were measured. RESULTS: There was no correlation between serum 3 alpha-diol G levels and degree of facial hirsutism. There was a correlation between levels of 3 alpha-diol G and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (p less than 0.01), biologically active testosterone (p = 0.01), free free testosterone (p less than 0.02), and androstenedione (p less than 0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum 3 alpha-diol G concentrations have no correlation with degree of facial hirsutism and do not provide additional information over the commonly measured androgens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Clear-cell change in follicular adenoma mimicking Hürthle-cell tumor on thyroid aspiration biopsy cytology.

We present a case of follicular adenoma with clear-cell change, which on fine-needle aspiration biopsy mimicked a Hürthle-cell tumor. Papanicolaou-stained smears revealed a monomorphic pattern of loosely cohesive groups of cells with abundant cytoplasm and centrally placed round nuclei with single prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm was granular or finely vacuolated with occasional intracytoplasmic brown pigment. Subsequent surgical histology of the partial thyroidectomy specimen revealed a follicular adenoma composed of macro- and microfollicles. The microfollicular areas showed clear-cell change: these cells appeared identical to those seen on cytology. No Hürthle-cell change was present in the surgical specimen. Follicular cells with clear-cell change of the granular type must be added to the list of differential diagnoses when cells with Hürthle-like features are seen on aspiration biopsy of the thyroid.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Androgens and oligomenorrhea in hirsute women.

A recent study demonstrated that hirsute women with irregular menses had higher levels of serum androgens that hirsute women with regular menses. To investigate this finding, we measured total testosterone, biologically active testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in 51 hirsute women with regular menses and compared the levels found to those found in 28 hirsute women with oligomenorrhea. There was no significant difference in the degree of facial hirsutism between the two groups. Oligomenorrheic women had significantly higher levels of free testosterone (p less than 0.02) and biologically active testosterone (p less than 0.05). The other androgens did not differ significantly between the two groups. The free fractions of testosterone are the metabolically active forms of the hormone and their levels are a function of the rates of production and clearance of testosterone that are elevated in states of hyperandrogenism. This study confirms that hirsute women with oligomenorrhea have higher levels of free and biologically active testosterone than those with regular menses.

Androgens↗
PubMed1991

White forelock in Marfan's syndrome: an unusual association, with review of the literature.

The cutaneous expression of Marfan's syndrome is generally limited to striae distensae and a number of uncommon associations with other dermatologic disorders. To date, there have been no reported cases of hair or nail abnormalities accompanying this disorder. We describe a patient with Marfan's syndrome who presented with an acquired white forelock and we review the literature on the association of poliosis with various entities.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Selection of thyroid preparations.

Hypothyroidism is gratifying to treat, since the response to hormone replacement therapy is excellent. Synthetic levothyroxine is now considered the drug of choice because its effects are more predictable and reliable than those of other thyroid preparations. The choice of dose is based on clinical effects of treatment and on achieving normal levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The availability of a new, ultrasensitive TSH assay has increased the value of TSH assay for monitoring the response to hormone replacement therapy.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1981

Alpha-adrenoreceptor-related dissociation constants and intrinsic efficacies of stereoisomers of epinephrine.

THe alpha-adrenoreceptor-related dissociation constant and intrinsic efficacy of the stereoisomers of epinephrine were determined on the rabbit aortic strip. (-)-Epinephrine showed higher affinity than (+)-epinephrine or the desoxy analogue epinine. Efficacy of (+)-epinephrine relative to (-)-epinephrine was low (relative efficacy, er = 0.44). Epinephrine had about the same affinity and efficacy as (+)-epinephrine. When the alpha-adrenoreceptors were protected against dibenamine by an equimolar concentration of the isomers, (-)-epinephrine was found to be more effective than (+)-epinephrine or epinine. These results suggest that the stereoisomers of catecholamines differ not only in affinity but also in intrinsic efficacy.

Animals↗