Biomedical subjects

K Salness

Publications and source records attributed to K Salness.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1987

Relationships between minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, and time during incremental exercise.

It has recently been reported that blood and muscle lactate increased exponentially during incremental exercise, casting some doubt upon the concept of 'anaerobic threshold'. To gain further insight into this controversy, we examined the relationships between minute ventilation (VE), time and oxygen uptake (VO2) in normal subjects during incremental exercise. During exercise, the relationship of VE to either time of exercise or to VO2 appeared curvilinear; VE was reliably described as an exponential function (y = axb + c) of both time of exercise (r2 = 0.96) and VO2 (r2 = 0.92). We also compared variables from 30-second incremental tests with variables obtained from quasi-steady-state incremental tests using cycle and treadmill ergometry. With the exception of heart rate, variables measured at maximum exercise were similar during short-duration and quasi-steady-state incremental tests. These data support the ideas that: there is no abrupt change in metabolism and oxygen availability during progressive exercise, and results of rapid incremental and quasi-steady-state exercise tests are generally comparable in normal individuals.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Comparison of once-a-day and twice-a-day theophylline in asthma.

Sustained-release theophylline compounds given once (Uniphyl) or twice (Theodur) daily were compared in adult asthmatics. Following a single dose of oral medication, large and peripheral airways bronchodilation occurred; response to theophylline correlated significantly with the log plasma theophylline concentration. Cardiac output and stroke volume, measured noninvasively using the acetylene technique, also increased significantly. During maintenance therapy, both preparations caused similar improvements in pulmonary function and symptoms; however, side effects were less with once-daily therapy.

Asthma↗

PubMed1983

Postprandial exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

A variety of systemic reactions associated with exercise are increasingly being recognized. We studied an atopic individual whose job-related activities involved strenuous running that often terminated in an episode of syncope and hypotension preceded by cutaneous pruritus, warmth, urticaria, and angioedema. These attacks occurred only after meals, but no foods appeared to elicit symptoms without subsequent exercise. The subject underwent three exercise challenges in the laboratory under the following conditions: (1) fasting state, with heat-dissipating clothing. (2) fasting, with heat-retention clothes, and (3) after a meal. Blood pressure decreases and minimum skin reactivity were observed for (1) and (2), and reproduction of syncope, hypotension, and further cutaneous manifestation were observed only after (3). Venous and arterial plasma determinations for complement activation (C4, C4d, and CH50) and histamine before, during, and after exercise were not abnormal. Although other vasodepressor mediators may have been liberated, at least part of the mechanism for postprandial exercise-related syncope may be attributed to a shift of blood flow to the splanchnic as well as skeletal muscle vasculature.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

A comparison of incremental exercise tests during cycle and treadmill ergometry.

We evaluated a short-duration maximum exercise test by comparing a 15-s incremental exercise protocol with a 1-min incremental method. Twenty normal men and women were studied using cycle and/or treadmill ergometry. In subjects tested on both exercise devices, anaerobic threshold and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were higher for both protocols on the treadmill than on the cycle ergometer (P less than 0.001). However, when the 15-s and 1-min tests were compared using the same device (treadmill or cycle), there were no significant differences between protocols in anaerobic threshold or maximum exercise values of minute ventilation, respiratory rate, tidal volume, VO2max, oxygen pulse, and peak expiratory flow rate. Linear regression analyses indicated differences between the 15-s and 1-min protocols when cardiopulmonary measurements were related to power; however, the two protocols were comparable when cardiopulmonary data were related to oxygen uptake. Comparisons between protocols or between exercise devices were not systematically different in large vs small individuals, or in men vs women. Short-duration incremental exercise tests appear to be reliable, practical methods for assessing exercise performance in normal individuals.

Exercise Test↗

PubMed1981

Pleural paragonimiasis in a Southeast Asia refugee.

We report a Laotian patient with pleural paragonimiasis who did not have the usual diagnostic triad for this parasitic disease. He did not have chronic hemoptysis (considered by many to be an "invariable" finding), there were no pulmonary infiltrations, and stool and sputum examinations did not yield Paragonimus ova. The diagnosis was made on the basis of ova found in the pleural fluid. Paragonimiasis pleural effusion did not resolve with bithionol, the drug of choice for pulmonary paragonimiasis, and, as a result, chest tube drainage was required. The difference between pleural paragonimiasis and pulmonary paragonimiasis is that the classic clinical presentation of the latter (hemoptysis, ova in sputum and stools, lung infiltration, etc.) requires an intrapulmonary location on the parasite. A search for ova in the pleural fluid may be the only diagnostic tool for patients suspected of pleural paragonimiasis. With the influx of Southeast Asia refugees, this case report may be of relevance to U.S. physicians involved in the care of patients in whom not all chronic pleuropulmonary diseases are tuberculous.

Adult↗