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Biomedical subjects

K Sandhu

Publications and source records attributed to K Sandhu.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Angioma serpiginosum: report of two unusual cases.

Angioma serpiginosum (AS) is a rare vascular naevoid disorder due to ectatic dilation of capillaries in the papillary dermis. The condition is found almost exclusively in females who have grouped erythematous punctate lesions usually on the lower limbs or buttocks. We report two rare cases of AS, each representing a different and unusual clinical feature of AS: one with familial involvement and the other with an extensive distribution of lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The utility of three different methods for measuring urinary 18-hydroxycortisol in the differential diagnosis of suspected primary hyperaldosteronism.

OBJECTIVE: Urine 18-hydroxycortisol (18-OHF) measurements are claimed to discriminate between primary hyperaldosteronism due to Conn's syndrome/adrenal adenoma or idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH), and also to identify cases of glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism (GSH). We have evaluated three urine 18-OHF methods using a panel of urine samples from patients with hypertension. DESIGN: Clinical methods comparative study. METHODS: Urine samples from patients with primary hyperaldosteronism due to either adenoma (n = 6), BAH (n = 6), GSH (n = 9), or essential hypertension (n = 38) were analysed without knowledge of the diagnosis using three different methods in different laboratories. These included 'in-house' radioimmunoassay (RIA), 'in-house' time-resolved fluorometric assay (DELFIA), and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS: The three assays showed good correlation, but there were large bias differences: RIA bias was greater than DELFIA which was greater than GC-MS. Discrimination between adenoma and BAH patients was best for the DELFIA method, with no overlap between results for these two groups. All three methods gave significantly elevated results for the GSH group compared with the BAH and essential hypertension groups. No assay distinguished BAH from essential hypertension. CONCLUSION: Measurement of urine 18-OHF may be a useful additional test in the differential diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. The clinical diagnostic value of urinary 18-OHF measurements is method-dependent with the DELFIA assay having the best discriminatory value.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia with the carbon dioxide laser.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is an uncommon, idiopathic condition that presents with isolated or grouped plaques or nodules in the periauricular region, forehead, or scalp. ALHE is marked by a proliferation of blood vessels with distinctive large endothelial cells accompanied by a characteristic inflammatory infiltrate that includes eosinophils. The lesion is benign but may be persistent and difficult to eradicate. Various therapeutic modalities that have been tried for its treatment include intralesional and oral corticosteroids, cryotherapy, oral retinoids, vinblastine, surgical excision, laser therapy, and INFalpha2a. We report two cases with this rare condition: one patient, treated with cryotherapy, did not improve, while the second patient was successfully treated with the CO(2) laser.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Erythema nodosum and antitubercular therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy of antitubercular therapy in patients with erythema nodosum with a highly positive Mantoux test. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with idiopathic erythema nodosum with a highly positive Mantoux reaction between 1988 and 2001 was undertaken. In the absence of any other clinical or investigative evidence of active tuberculosis they were treated with antitubercular therapy. RESULTS: Out of a total of 52 patients diagnosed with idiopathic erythema nodosum with a strongly positive Mantoux test (average of 19 mm), data could be analyzed in only 47 patients. After treatment with antitubercular drugs, new lesions stopped appearing in 45 patients within 6-8 weeks and subsided in two. The therapy was well tolerated except for jaundice in one patient and transient urticarial lesions in another. CONCLUSIONS: Antitubercular therapy definitely has a role in the management of patients with erythema nodosum, even in the absence of a detectable focus of tubercular infection, especially in regions where tuberculosis is endemic.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2004

Effect of diclofenac pretreatment on pain during propofol injection.

In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 120 ASA 1 or 2 patients were allocated to receive diclofenac or normal saline as pretreatment to assess their effect on incidence and severity of pain during propofol injection. Diclofenac in two different doses, i.e. 25 mg and 15 mg, was tried for this purpose. The overall incidence of pain did not significantly differ among the groups, but the incidence of moderate to severe pain following propofol injection was significantly less in patients who received diclofenac 25 mg (P = 0.0017) or 15 mg (P = 0.0363) than in those who received saline. However, the diclofenac itself was associated with mild pain in some patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of emergency dermatological consultations in a tertiary care centre in North India.

INTRODUCTION: The nature of dermatological consultations in an emergency setting has not been studied in detail. AIM: To evaluate the reasons and the nature of emergency dermatological consultations at a tertiary care centre in India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred consecutive emergency calls received over a period of four months from the emergency outpatient department were included in the analysis. The details of all the patients along with their clinical diagnosis were recorded in a proforma. In order to evaluate the reasons for emergency calls they were divided into four categories; Category I comprised of primarily dermatological disorders without any systemic involvement, Category II included III consisted of primarily systemic disorders with related cutaneous lesions and in Category IV systemic diseases with unrelated cutaneous findings were included. RESULTS: Out of 100 patients, 63 were males and 37 were females. The number of calls in categories I-IV was 57, 9, 7 and 27 respectively. Infections (32) constituted the most common dermatological presentations, followed by drug reactions (27). Only 21 were true dermatological emergencies. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis and management of common skin diseases should be stressed during the training of physicians in emergency medicine.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Potassium iodide remains the most effective therapy for cutaneous sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Itraconazole has largely replaced older therapies, but we present a case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis that failed to respond to an adequate course of itraconazole yet responded dramatically to treatment with saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

FLAIR imaging in the follow-up of low-grade gliomas: time to dispense with the dual-echo?

Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) imaging has established its utility in neuroimaging. We propose this imaging sequence as a replacement for proton density (PD) and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences in the follow-up of low-grade glioma. 26 MRI examinations of 18 patients with such tumours were reviewed by three neuroradiologists and a neurosurgeon. FLAIR was found to be superior for appreciation of the lesion (91% of studies) and for demonstration of its margin (92%). FLAIR was also better at showing different tumour components, particularly in regions difficult to demonstrate in some planes, such as the vertex in axial imaging. The sequence also defines the postoperative cavity, shows the least amount of susceptibility effect associated with surgical clips, and demonstrates local spread (to white matter tracts, subependymal and capsular) more distinctly. We conclude that FLAIR can replace PD and T2-weighted spin-echo imaging in radiological follow-up of low-grade glioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Extrahepatic portal hypertension: a review of 70 cases.

Among 70 children with extrahepatic portal hypertension, more than 350 episodes of bleeding occurred. Of the 32 children who were not operated upon, six (19%) died of bleeding. Twelve children in the nonoperated group are thriving and well, although six of them have rebled 1-2 times. The operated group of 38 children had a total of 43 procedures. Central splenorenal and cavomesenteric anastomosis prevented further bleeding in 10 of 12 cases in which follow-up is available. Operative mortality was 24%, the majority of which were in emergency procedures.

Adolescent↗